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Maritime Differential GPS systems (283.5-325 kHz) are today the basic method for determining the position of vessels in coastal navigation, entering into seaports as well as pilotage around the world. Today, the position accuracy of these systems reaches about 1 m (p = 0.95) and its availability is higher than 99%. In the last decade, many countries, including Poland, have created a number of national and commercial GNSS geodetic networks. Their range often also includes marine waters, hence the use of methods of ...

Decisions related to the choice of investment site selection, made by government administration bodies, have a major impact on the economy in the region. They can cause economic growth or may cause slowing down its development. To avoid or at least minimize the negative effects of investment decisions, they should be taken on the basis of analyzes carried out earlier. Conducting an analysis related to indication the site selection for a given investment object requires obtaining information covering various spatia...

The most crucial factor influencing economic development and social well-being, as well as resulting in the mitigation of the effects of social poverty is electricity and its availability. As a result, a given country?s growing economy generates an increasingly higher demand for energy. Even though the generation of electricity in the Polish power industry is still primarily based on fossil fuels, there is a visible increase in energy produced from renewable sources. In 2016, in Poland the share of renewable energ...

For the tests a coal seam no. 209 of the Piast-Ziemowit coal mine has been selected, which is located in the south-eastern part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB). The basic material of the study was the results of laboratory analysis of sulfur and ash content from the furrow samples taken in the mining excavations of the coal seam no. 209 Piast-Ziemowit coal mine. The main objective of the research was to analyze the structure of variability of sulfur and ash content in hard coal using statistical and geosta...

The paper presents the results of meteorological parameters in vertical profile of troposphere above the aerodrome EPDE in D?blin, in Poland. The vertical profile of meteorological parameters in troposphere zone is very important in context of products of air meteorology. The vertical distribution of the troposphere's metrological parameters is also very important for performing flight operations by pilots and air traffic control services. Appropriate metrological protection allows pilots to fully prepare for the ...

Establishing public policies that result in decision-makers and citizens who are much more active when drafting, using, or pursuing how to implement strategies on proposed goals through sustainable development. Romania's National Strategy on Sustainable Development is based on the European Union Strategy for Sustainable Development with the set-ups set in Lisbon, and it is meant to be a binder for the elaboration and establishment of new public policies, which have the effect of changing the attitude of the societ...

The pressure regulators used in underwater breathing apparatuses determine the respiratory comfort of the diver. Our study focuses on the turbulent flow of gas through the series of valves and nozzles that are component elements of a pressure regulator. The pneumatic resistance, induced by the mechanism that controls the dependence between the air flow rate and the pressure differential created by the diver?s air intake, influences to a notable degree the breathing effort. The second stage of an underwater regulat...

This paper presents a comparative analysis using Finite Element Method (F.E.M.) of the foundations with different shapes (cylindrical, truncated cone and hemispherical plate), placed on cohesionless soils with different compaction degrees. The comparison was performed function of the bearing capacity and of the states of stress and deformation that appear in the foundation ground for different load steps to which the foundations are subjected. The foundation systems studied in this paper consist in foundations rea...

A geographical location, an atmospheric circulation, a terrain sculpture and the presence of water reservoirs determine thermal conditions in Poland. The influence of these factors overlaps an impact of local factors as well as the effects of air transformation as a result of the process of an energy exchange at the interface between the atmosphere and its surface. The thermal conditions prevailing in a specific area can be determined on the basis of average values and extreme air temperatures. These characteristi...

The last cycle of the glacial history including the glaciation of the Late Pleistocene (100 to 11 kyr BP) and the modern interglacial (Holocene) is a key period in climate research. Understanding the mechanisms of growth, dynamics and decay of ice sheets (the Laurentide ice sheet in North America and the Scandinavian ice sheet in Europe) provides information to understanding past global climate changes and more reliable predictions of the future climate. The direct source of information on the temperature regime a...

Plastic is often one of the major components of municipal solid waste and its processing product Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and thus, waste plastic is an alternative energy resource of importance for implementing Waste-to-Energy strategy. The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal decomposition characteristics by means of thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis of plastic commonly found in municipal solid waste from perspective of possibilities to use gasification as a proces...

Background: In recent years, researchers are increasingly interested in plant raw materials containing phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, due to their harmlessness and a wide range of biological activity. In plants and biological fluids flavonoids are found mainly in the form of a variety of glycosides. One of the most promising plant sources of phenolic compounds is Oxytropis glabra Lam.DC. In this regard, the issue of rapid and qualitative assessment of biologically active substances in medicinal plant ra...

Background: In recent years, researchers are increasingly interested in plant raw materials containing phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, due to their harmlessness and a wide range of biological activity. In plants and biological fluids flavonoids are found mainly in the form of a variety of glycosides. One of the most promising plant sources of phenolic compounds is Oxytropis glabra Lam.DC. In this regard, the issue of rapid and qualitative assessment of biologically active substances in medicinal plant ra...

The purpose of the paper has been finding an effective numerical diffusion model able to predict the patterns of the particulate matter PM10 transported by the wind within the urban area of Craiova (major city in Romania) from the nearby ash dump produced by Craiova II Thermal Power. In order to verify this mathematical model, experimental data have been gathered during four weeks in the selected area, in different seasons and places, by using a particulate matter sampling system and then gravimetrically evaluatin...

The advancement of tracking technologies such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) in recent years is developing the study area of shopping behavior of consumers in retailing setting which globally regained increased interest. However, not so many studies have attempted to analyze consumer shopping behavior using the RFID data. The purpose of this paper is to propose the framework based on behavioral variables, which can be tested using the RFID data obtained from the experiment in one of the supermarkets in J...

This paper proposes a forecasting model based on time series technique for solar energy generation. The increasing use of renewable energy from solar and wind sources has gained acceptance and is being increasingly used. The main problems with these energies sources are the dependence of power output on the environmental parameters and the circadian variation. In order to obtain a continuous time series, average daily specific power records, W/m2, are used and moving average and exponential smoothing were tested t...

Bisphenol A (C15H16O2) 2,2-(4,4?-dihydroxydiphenyl) propane (BPA) is known for its endocrine disrupting properties in human body in addition to various other harmful effects. BPA has been detected in the aquatic environment at concentration levels varying from nanograms to micrograms per litre of water in many countries and regions. Due to the inefficiency of BPA removal using the common water treatment methods (physicochemical, biological, and electrochemical), advanced oxidation process was applied. UV-VIS photo...

The paper consider the impact of the view on petroleum origin on the strugegy its exploration. The petroleum is complex, natural Self-organizing system. Its genesis, migration and accumulation in a pool is discrete process not associated with Biosphere matter and energy. Hydrocarbon (HC) molecules are generating during their migration thought Lithosphere layers under catalytic interaction with their selves and rocks. The structure and composition of the HC molecules different type appearing during the stages of th...

The climate and environmental interests are regulated by huge amount of legislative rules. Each country have to make national inventory of GHG and air pollutants, however the guidelines for calculations are developed by different organizations: EMEP/EEA for air pollutant emission inventory guide and IPCC for national greenhouse gas inventory. Also the state can develop own methodology to calculate emissions based on national research. This often leads to inconsistency of calculation results. The aim of this study ...

The statistical data on the structure of the land fund in Arad County, located in western Romania, highlights changes in the temporal evolution of the surfaces with different uses. One of the causes of these ?migrations? is changing the land use category, for various reasons, legal or technical aspects. In this context, the present paper describes the evolution of the surfaces and the stages that need to be taken to change the land use category, the case study being the ?transformation? from arable into pasture. I...

The basis for safety management is the assumption that safe conditions as well as safe behaviour at work do not arise spontaneously, but must be worked out according to a pre-approved program. It is known that preventive actions have a much greater importance and sense than the removing of a damage resulting from accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures aimed at improving the working conditions, equipment and conduct of employees hired in the mine. The presented article is an attempt at a practical a...

The redevelopment of the railway network in Krakow has been ongoing for some years now. Efforts undertaken in order to improve the comfort and quality of travel have an influence on functional and spatial changes in the surroundings of modernised railway stops. The redevelopment of elements of the railway network is essential from the point of view of the possibility of supplementing public transport, in addition to affecting the establishment of new circulation nodes that provide services to a significant number ...

Health and working efficiency of river and marine craft crews depend largely on the quality of drinking water. In this respect, autonomous water treatment systems for ships are of extreme importance, which should be efficient, reliable, and safe providing required quality of drinking water by all chemical and microbiological indicators. The article analyzes existing methods of cleaning, disinfecting and conditioning drinking water for ships. Methods of maintaining drinking water quality during prolonged storage in...

Globalization generates new demands, structures and systems requiring new skills and knowledge. Continuous changes and technological advancements in various industries in the country cannot but make the teaching staff of the universities consider new ways of improving the training system to ensure better acquisition of a foreign language. The paper deals with the trends, goals and tasks in Teaching English for Specific Purposes in Russian technical universities. ESP is a two sided process: English for developing s...

The first major crisis in the history of the economy was "Tulip Mania" in Holland in the 1630s. Tulip, a flower spread in Iran, Turkey and Afghanistan, was first studied by the Flemish botanist Clusius, who brought the first bulbs to Europe at the end of the 1500s. He planted the tulips in a "study garden" of the University of Leiden. The interest of the people for the beautiful flower, called by the Iranians "Laleh", has been great since the beginning. Clusius notes that in 1598 the thieves stole 100 bulbs in one...

Typification of ice conditions in the Arctic is an essential step to solve important applied problems in the field of arctic marine transportation since in such studies a variety of ice conditions is often described by a predefined set of typified scenarios that directly influence the results. Criteria for ice typification traditionally include the parameters that represent all the sea area, e.g., total ice coverage, area of old ice and other. However, our practical experience shows that such criteria do not alway...

Typomorphic features of placer gold from alluvial deposits of the Bolshaya Kuonamka river basin, draining Eastern framing of the Anabar massif are studied in order to identify association types of primary sources and places, promising for their discovery. Based on identified indicators of gold, it is defined that, ore manifestations of low-sulfide gold-quartz association are the main primary sources of gold-bearing placers. Identification of palladium gold in association with platinoids, as well as its intergrowth...

Assessment of changes in hydrogeological conditions of groundwater deposits under climatic effect and human impact requires in-depth study. It especially concerns groundwater deposits of drinking quality. Providing drinking water to the population of large cities and most of the medium-size and small populated areas of Kazakhstan is based on these changes. The UN carries out special control and analysis of the state of drinking water supply to people around the world, which, unfortunately, testifies to the catastr...

Direct and inverse problems of propagation of elastic waves in an inhomogeneous soil are considered. Based on the analysis of the vibrational field, the associated tasks of vibrational ecology are solved. These problems arise because of the impact of transport and construction equipment in the city. The propagation of elastic waves in the soil can lead to large levels of vibration on the surface of the earth and create unsatisfactory conditions away from sources. Transport, and especially the subway, have the stro...

Silesia Province, which is located in the southern part of Poland, belongs to regions with the most degraded lands in the whole country. According to the ?Environmental Protection 2017? (in Polish ?Ochrona ?rodowiska 2017?) report, prepared by the Central Statistical Offiice, in 2016 there were about 4900 ha of devastated and degraded areas in Silesia Province, which required reclamation. The reason for the occurrence of degraded lands in this area is the intensive exploitation and processing of natural resources....

During the process of conceptual designing of earthmoving or construction boom type machine we have must ensure that it is applicable in practice, meaning stable. Unfortunately, not every time is design of upper structure of such a machine ideal in consideration of position of centre of gravity and that is the reason why are stabilizing outriggers usually attached. This article talks about possibilities of use various schematic drafts of stabilizing outriggers for earthmoving and construction machines on the wheel...

One of the problems that are encountered today is the migration from rural to urban areas. Cities are becoming overpopulated and consequently overbuilt. Due to the high demand for new residential and commercial buildings, in the last few decades, green zones such as parks are often becoming built. In the cities, there is increasingly less room left to nature. Urban vegetation has a large impact on the quality of life in cities. The aim of this research is the detection of urban vegetation by three independent mult...

Forecasting a demand for hard coal is no easy feat, especially at times when there are constant transformations of the country?s energy mix structure. This stage should be realized in every mining company as grave mistakes in estimating a prospective sale may result in a disadvantageous economic situation of a company. The article presents an autoregressive model which mining companies may use to analyse the predicted sale of a raw material in order to plan an action strategy based on the achieved results.

Today, trains are equipped with up to seven different navigational systems. Each is extremely costly and takes up space on-board. A train crossing from one European country to another must switch the operating standards as it crosses the border. All this adds to travel time and operational and maintenance costs. Together with other technical differences ? for instance in terms of rail gauge, electricity voltage, rolling stock design, etc. ? the existence of more than 20 train control systems in Europe has always b...

This work will deal with the use of various geophysical methods for exploration of the sliding area and the determination of the interface between the layers in the sliding area at the Bohu?ovice Quarry. For this purpose, light dynamic penetration will be carried out, which is a dynamic penetration test that is used in-situ to determine the soil resistance of penetration cone. A constant dynamic impact is used to constrain the cone, which is due to the free fall of the ram with known weight and constant fall heigh...

Modern viticulture of Russia should be based on the production of certified planting stock. The production of planting material of the highest categories in the Russian Federation is absent. The main goal of the research was to improve the technology of clonal micropropagation using growth regulators. The task was to obtain a healthy planting stock of grapes and to introduce a certification system for planting material according to the pattern of European countries. The object of research were complex-resistant va...

Modern viticulture of Russia should be based on the production of certified planting stock. The production of planting material of the highest categories in the Russian Federation is absent. The main goal of the research was to improve the technology of clonal micropropagation using growth regulators. The task was to obtain a healthy planting stock of grapes and to introduce a certification system for planting material according to the pattern of European countries. The object of research were complex-resistant va...

In recent years, methods of building evaluation from the point of view of their energy management, environmental footprint, etc. have often been applied in practice and also have been involved to not only Czech legislation. This is why the owners, operators and designers of buildings are motivated to design and operate energy-saving technical solutions, other drinking water consumption. This article discusses the possibilities of using wastewater at school facilities to reduce the cost of drinking water. The paper...

The transport sector is one the most energy-intensive sector on planet. Whether we are discussing about cargo or travelers, the transport sector is causing environmental damage. Therefore an Impact Assessment study in the Transport sector concerning energy efficiency should draws attention. First of all the transport cost decrease, and second it contributes to the natural resources to be saved by the fossil fuels.Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and current rate of global warming can happen using a proper energy ...

Development of information and computer technology is a factor in increased use of statistical methods in all sphere of action (geology, geophysics, ecology, astronomy and many others). Regression analysis (RA) is widely used in the prediction and assessment of model parameters. For many years the ordinary least squares estimation method (LSE, OLS), a computational scheme of RA, and its generalizations are widely used in practice. The disadvantage of the classical scheme of RA, is that with the compliance LSE assu...

This paper deals with alternative options for the recovery of ash from metallurgical production, which is considered to be waste generated by the above-mentioned production process and is currently being disposed of by landfilling. It is precisely the recovery of such waste that contributes to the sustainable development of the environment, to the increase of the metallurgical business itself and thus to the preservation of its competitiveness. Based on quantitative and qualitative analyzes of the ash produced, it...

Sustainable and ecofriendly engineering requires the use of high amounts of recycled materials. Extensive amounts of building materials required for construction of roads facilitates the use of recycled old surfaces from the ecological and economical point of view. Reconstruction and development of new roads requires acquisition and processing of different materials such as: soils, aggregates acquired from unbound layers, concrete and asphalt surfaces, and particularly hazardous surfaces with tar bonding agent. Af...

This research work is focused on the valorization of mango peels and kernel seed powders from the point of view of waste minimization and environmental best-practice technologies. Environmental best-practice technologies aim to satisfy consumer demands, while the production process is optimized in order to have the least impact on the environment. The optimization includes the reduced utilization of raw materials, less energy and water use, while, as a result less process waste and effluent is generated. Mango pee...

This research work is focused on the valorization of mango peels and kernel seed powders from the point of view of waste minimization and environmental best-practice technologies. Environmental best-practice technologies aim to satisfy consumer demands, while the production process is optimized in order to have the least impact on the environment. The optimization includes the reduced utilization of raw materials, less energy and water use, while, as a result less process waste and effluent is generated. Mango pee...

The main subject of the paper is the spatial and temporal variability of biometeorological conditions in the north-western part of Poland during the period from 1951 to 2015. Bioclimate constitutes an important element of human life. Extreme phenomena are of importance. The occurrence of unfavourable biometeorological conditions according to Apparent Temperature (AT) was analysed. AT is expressed as the temperature which, under reference humidity conditions, determined by the dew point temperature equal to 14?, pr...

The article presents the characteristics of the frequency of storms in north-western Poland (Fig. 1) from 1970 to 2017. The area of north-western Poland, selected for the research, differs in terms of the distribution of selected meteorological elements, because the climatic conditions are shaped here by an atmospheric circulation from the Atlantic Ocean, the Baltic Sea and additionally from a vast continental area. The important factors affecting the regional diversity include local conditions such as terrain, na...

The article discusses the importance of verbal communication monitoring in the process of foreign language learning and teaching. The aim of this study is to propose a theoretical justification and experimental verification of the effectiveness of the monitoring algorithm of students? verbal communication in the foreign language classroom. The research focuses on the following tasks: to develop and experimentally validate effective components of the monitoring algorithm of verbal communication of students and to i...

Architectural styles had a cyclic pattern throughout the history of humanity, however their recurrence was intentional, educated, having more to do with the taste of a society or a group of individuals than with their basic needs. Vernacular architecture emerged as a response to the needs of people and was a collective product, not the masterpiece of an architect. It emerged from the local building techniques and construction material availability, as well as climatic, economic and socio-politic conditions. Underg...

In this paper the approach to virtual laboratory "Geoinformation Systems" creation is proposed. Virtual laboratory is a complicated system that consists of a lot of hardware and software tools. The laboratory was created in order to improve the quality of education in the fields of geoinformatics and information technologies. The laboratory provides scientific support of the educational process, integration of innovative research and educational activities. During the course of self-study, students have the opport...

The main objective of the paper is to propose an innovative approach to analyzing the vulnerability of electricity networks from natural hazards. The proposed innovative approach is based on the principles (technology) of virtual reality (VR). The main features and advantages of VR are discussed. The possibilities of VR for the study of the negative impact of natural hazards on the infrastructure are analyzed. The importance and timeliness of an in-depth analysis of the vulnerability of electricity networks from t...