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A structural analysis on the used in processes of open cast mining formula is made and some functional dependences are deduced. This shows the relation between optimal speed on temporary rail ways and the productivity of mounding excavator – single – bucket and with many buckets.A structural analysis on the used in processes of open cast mining formula is made and some functional dependences are deduced. This shows the relation between optimal speed on temporary rail ways and the productivity of mounding excav...

Paste backfill is composed of a mixture of mine tailings, process and/or fresh water for the desired solid-water consistency and hydraulic binder to ensure a target mechanical resistance. This paper presents some studies undertaken on the strength development and deformation behaviour of paste backfill mixtures made from a Turkish zinc mine tailings. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the strength and deformation properties of paste mixtures with binder content ranging from 4 to 7 wt\% a...

General environmental problems generated during blast activities in open pit mining are ground vibrations, air pressure, fly rock, dust and poisonous gases and fumes. In some cases, these problems can be the source of some continual disagreements (fear, right and unrighteous complaints, etc.) on inhabitants living close to a blast-based production in a quarry as well as damage on the buildings situated nearby. In this study, the ground vibrations produced by blasting operations performed at a limestone quarry were...

Regional development problems constitutes in present days, one of the major issues of European Union activity. As consequence, a country which strives to the European Union member statue must integrate in the spirit of European realities, showing an outstanding interest to prepare its ground in the spirit of Union’s requirements for her member’s countries, developing a coherent and active regional policy. Therefore the work follows to identify the main action directions of European Union regarding the regional...

The first version of ASMIв„ў is created in the period 1975-1980. we offer the third version of ASMIв„ў entended for modern PC operation with Windfows and integrated with popular program systems, such as AutoCADВ®, ExcelВ® and WordВ®. In all three versions the creators are following the ideology of ASMIв„ў: 1. this is a specialized system directed mainly to markshader insurance of open mines; 2. the algorithms, big part of wich are original reflect the success of the markshader and geodetic science, technology and ...

Nickeliferrous laterite is a source of ferronickel alloy extracted by a pyro-metallurgical process. Laterite deposits found in Greece are mainly secondary depositions and their nickel content is about 1\%. Beneficiation of the run of mine ore is limited to the +1 mm fraction by magnetic or gravitational processes and its effect is rather unsatisfactory due to the insufficient liberation of the nickel bearing minerals. The mineralogical structure of the ore consists mainly of hematite nodules (pissoids) and quartz ...

This study analyzes the possibilities of anchorage and reform of a sterile deposition resultant from copper mining activities from around the Brad-Romania mining area. Because this sterile deposition is out of service from about 8 years, the solutions we had to propose according to work of biologic recultivation must stabilized the sterile deposition. After consolidation the danger of rain and snow melting waters will diminish. The main purpose is to avert pollution of area environment factors and concurrently acc...

In this study, diagnostic leaching and ultrafine grinding as pretreatment step ahead of two-stage cyanidation of KaletaЕџ ore were studied to shed light on the refractory characteristics of ore. The overall gold extraction of 93\% was achieved in two-stage cyanidation of ultrafinely ground ore suggesting the presence of readily recoverable gold (74\%) and slowly reacting gold (19\%) in the ore. Diagnostic leaching approach provided information into the cause of the refractoriness of the ore. The findings of diagno...

In this study, flotation concentration of Trabzon-KayabaЕџД± Massive Sulphide ore was investigated. The effects of particle size, reagent concentration (collector and depressant) and agitation speed on the recovery of copper were studied. The results have shown that the ore responded poorly to concentration by flotation with low efficiency of seperation of copper minerals from sphalerite and pyrite. Changing the flotation conditions i.e. decreasing particle size to >99\% passing 38 $\mu$m or increasing the concent...

The cartographical projections are the representations of the terrestrial surface on different projection plans that can bew cylinder and con. The important problem for representing these projections is to reduce the characteristic deformations of each projections. The problem that is analyzed refers to an assessment of the points transpositions from a sphere surface on a plane in conditions of maximum efficiency.

The activities in mine factories are unthinkable without a process of earth mass transportation. The expenses for the transport and related to it additional works (repairs, road construction, etc.) reaches to 40-50\% from general expenses for production of one ton of useful minerals. For the adequate esteem of the efficiency of the motor transport the directions of the objects periodically have to decide the problem with its rational use. The real loading of the tip-lorries could be used as many indicator. This in...

Considering the benefits of intensive agriculture in our time and the negative impact of chemical fertilizers and pesticides against the environment, usage of PGPR (plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria) like biofertilizers is one of the most promising biotechnology used for growing the primary production with less quantity of chemical fertilizers. The usage of PGPR may be an alternative to organic fertilizers and can reduce the pollution and preserve the environment in the spirit of practicing an ecological agricul...

“The Black Sea Coastal Way Rehabilitation Project” which started seven years ago in order to relief in traffic flow in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey and presently continues to complete their constructions. The project involves the rehabilitation and shortening of the present motorway and hence the construction of new tunnels and riprap material for filling the sea are required in some places. This paper involves one of the blast based tunnel excavations, which is performed for “Yoroz Tunnel” situa...

The paper presents the present state in Romania of the environment from the point of view of the air quality and of the water quality. The policy of the European Union regarding the environment as it is reflected in the Treaty of the European Community focuses on a durable development by including the environment protection in the communitarian district policies In order to fulfill these objective high quality standards for the environment should be imposed. There should also be observed some principles such as вЂ...

The basic geodesic activities in the preparation of the Project “Reconstruction and Electrification of the Railway Line Plovdiv – Svilengrad – Greek/Turkish Border” have been described. The problems in the development of the working geodesic base, creation of a three-dimensional model, cadastral map, and the detailed structural layouts of the territory in question have been discussed. Specific attention has been paid to the procedures in changing the purpose of the agricultural and forestry territories and...

The methods and compose geodesic Database from creating available structures are discus. The describe methods and realization structures and them programs decision are defined. The examples at resalable program systems for menage and analyses geodesic database are showing.

In this paper it is presented the basically geodetic methods for defining and following of land movements and land slide. The classic geodetic method anticipates defining of horizontal and vertical deformation in some points buried in the body of land slide. The deformation is defining with precision angular and linear measurements and with precision leveling from stabile points of primary geodetic nets (the microtrigonometric and the level net). The terrestrial photogrametry is used in the defining deformation of...

A hydrochemical study is conducted in the Faria basin / NE of the West Bank to define water types and to determine hydrochemical parameters of the aquifer system. More than 150 water samples were analysed, which covered all springs and wells. The physical and chemical properties were determined. The major cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ and the major anions HCO3-, Cl-, SO42- and NO3- were analysed. The minor constituents of SiO2, F-, Br- and PO43- and the trace elements Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn and Pb were determined...

When working on a GIS project or developing a Web application an alternative and cost-effective way to distribute these data to users is to use ArcWeb Services. It is a delivery system, which reduces costs of spatial data maintenance and data storage and enables easy access to up-to-date data. The paper describes the setting up of an interactive map server of Slovenian geological spatial data using ArcIMS implementation (ESRI program package). In the last decade numerous geological data of more than 40 different g...

This paper presents investigation of the environmental effects of ground vibration and air blast induced by blasting in various quarries located at Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Within the scope of this study, scaled distance components have been recorded for two shots at the BeЕџparmak Company, two shots at the G\"urdaДџ Company, one shot at the Levent Mosaic Company and one shot at the ArpalД±klД± Company, totally 6 shots at different times. And also, ground vibrations and air blasts produced by these sho...

Landslides have a large quantity of the natural disasters world-wide, this trend will increase in the future due to increased urbanization and development. The creation of maps of susceptibility, danger and risk is very important for engineering geologists, geomorphologists and city planners. Although several techniques are available for landslide risk investigation, reliable susceptibility mapping of landslides is very difficult due to their complex nature. Techniques for susceptibility mapping such as; determini...

A bottom ash and a fly ash sample from Unit 1 of the Agios Dimitrios Power Plant, Northern Greece, were subjected to a one stage leaching procedure (Synthetic Groundwater Leaching Procedure – SGLP). The lignite burned in it derives from the Southern Field Mine from the Lignite Centre of Western Macedonia. The Relative Mass Leached (RML) for ten major (Al, P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Na, Si, S and Ti) and forty eight trace elements (Li, Be, B, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb...

Designing and building a geological server is a very important and responsible task. The successful implementation of that task is based on the right selection of Internet technologies, middle-tier scalable server, map server and a proper platform. Making all these technologies to work as one in a perfect synchronization will be a serious proof that we have one modern Geological server.

The forest ecological systems in middle Siberia play an important role in supporting the structural carbon balance and the balance of mineral materials. These ecological systems are able to significantly self-regulate and establish a balance of substance circulation in the environment. This is particularly important in conditions of serious anthropogenic forest disturbances in the south of mid-Siberia. In a number of areas of the Angara-Yenisei region, including pine forests in regional oil bad in Covicta, intensi...

The influence of temporary rail ways over transporting ability through the mining railway net in open cast mines is researched. A functional relation between optimal speed of temporary ways and the transporting ability is found.

As it is well known, the process of extracting from the underground the reserves of useful mineral substances by using mechanical methods had been extended mainly regarding the energetic coal a series of countries in the period of 1970 ? 1990, that generated many actions of conception and manufacturing of some specific equipments being remarked mainly Germany, England, Poland, ex - countries of Soviet Union, etc. The main idea consists in choosing and correlating dimensionally, capacitive and functionally some com...

This paper presents the results from the study of heavy metals contamination of paddy soil of the Ko\vcani Field (Eastern Macedonia), an area with extensive agricultural production. The soil of the Ko\vcani Field is supposed to be polluted by heavy metals due to mining activities and acid mine drainage from Zletovo-Kratovo and Sasa-Toranica ore districts. This was supposed by the fact that acid mine drainage and direct input of Zletovo Pb-Zn mine effluents of pH 3.4 with mean Pb concentrations of 66 mg l-1, Zn at ...

Social structure has been changed by developments in Science and Technology. Encountered problems on community which organized level being high, solution of problems of qualities and quantities have been different. Using computer being widespread in production and developments in communication technology solved many problems which to suppose his solutions is impossible but at this time, they created new complex problems that to concern about topics of specialization and occupation [SelimoДџlu, 2004]. Modern manage...

In this material offers mechanical model that builds on the basic technological characteristics of the system rock – frictional pipe anchor bold (FPA). In the presentation, the anchor is divided on the modeling elements. Their size is determined from the physical model that describes combined anchor-rock system work. Key words: mechanical model, system anchor-rock, stress field

A modification of the conventional adjustment model is proposed. Like this, the velocity of the drift is introduced as an additional unknown quantity. An argument about the priorities of the suggested approach, in comparison with the used at present methods for gravimetric measurements processing is done. The possibilities which the new adjustment model provide for an optimization of the whole measurements program in a gravimetric network are analyzed.

In this study, diagnostic leaching and ultrafine grinding as pretreatment step ahead of two-stage cyanidation of KaletaЕџ ore were studied to shed light on the refractory characteristics of ore. The overall gold extraction of 93\% was achieved in two-stage cyanidation of ultrafinely ground ore suggesting the presence of readily recoverable gold (74\%) and slowly reacting gold (19\%) in the ore. Diagnostic leaching approach provided information into the cause of the refractoriness of the ore. The findings of diagno...

The problems for the protection of the environment from various pollutants are considered worldwide as fundamental for mankind. A large number of people are nowadays exposed to the different pollutions in waste and potable water. The pollutions have a harmful effect on the biological system. Some regions in Bulgaria and Turkey have serious problems with water contaminated with metal ions. The heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, Mn, etc.) have a harmful effect on human physiology and other biological system when they are fou...

The North-Bohemian Basin area is known for its largest Czech brown coal deposit. About 50\% brown coal reserves have been exploited in the North-Bohemian Basin by the mining company of Severoceske doly, a.s. (North Bohemian Mines) today. The opencast mining of brown coal naturally led to vast landscape damages. Therefore reclamation work has acquired great significance. The specific feature of Severoceske doly, a.s. mining is the fact that the mining has been realized in two geologically absolutely different local...

This paper presents the results of an assessment of the earthquake hazard for the Qom province, based on seismotectonic conditions, regional earthquake data and seismicity analyses. The active faults and potential seismic sources of the region are identified and illustrated in a seismotectonic map. A model of earthquake sources has been prepared. The appropriate acceleration attenuation laws are selected and earthquake hazard analysis has been done for the province using an analysis point interval scale of 0.1*0.1...

The investigations made by us about the micromorphology of the foliar surfaces of two species of gymnosperms in the industrial areas Bicaz and TaЕџca (the NeamЕЈ District, Romania). The investigations of electronic microscopy (S.E.M.) made up at the level of necrotic and/or chlorosis surfaces (top, middle, basis) of the acicular leaves of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra showed changes of the cuticular surface, their contortion, caused by the total disappearance of the parallelism between the cuticular prints, the...

Bulgaria occupies a unique position in south-east Europe in terms of river basin management and control because contamination from metal extraction and processing industries not only has a potential significant trans-border impact but also affects both the Mediterranean and Black Seas. However, to date, no whole basin source to sink study of metal contamination has yet been conducted in the country. This paper begins to address this issue by presenting preliminary results from a survey conducted in August 2004 of ...

For increasing the endurance of bucket wheel excavators’ teeth dipper, used in brown coal open pits from Oltenia, were made theoretic researches and experiments finalized with the accomplishment of new dippers and teeth more reliable and more cheeper, which are used according to mechanic characteristics of brown coal and dead-ground from the working faces.

The idea of underground coal gasification is connected with the name of Mendeleev 120 years ago. But its practical realization starts during the 30th years of the previous century and continues up to now. There is not any technical or technological problem to perform gasification as a method of processing hard household wastes. In combination with recycling of part of the wastes and utilization of gaseous products of gasification for energy production, this method could be very effective and attractive. If we supp...

Temporary rail ways in open cast mines influence by the accepted speed for the trains. They have influence on the most important indicator of heavy mining mechanization – the productivity of excavators – stope and mounding. This problem has been always underestimated because a priori has been accepted the dependence between the accepted speed and productivity. This research proves another type of functional dependence – fraction-lineal.

Mine backfill can be defined as the material or materials used for filling the underground openings created by the mining process in order to establish and retain safe working conditions. In this study, an overview of the current application of mining operations with paste backfill technology has been examined with a case study from an underground copper-zinc mine located in the northeast Turkey. Due to the elimination of the harmful mine tailings obtained from mill processing and hence the reduced rehabilitation ...

In this paper we present the critical situation of four species of Gymnosperms (Pinus nigra and Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Abies alba.) which can be found in areas of industrial zone from Bicaz District, Romania. The pollutants are mainly solid: lime and cement dust. Our investigation it is about the physiological and histo – anatomical modifications of the leaves (needles). We want to stress the fact that the large quantity of dry substance from the leaves isn’t always related to the distance from the pol...

During 2004, pluridisciplinary investigations have been devoted to the abiotic and biotic characteristics of the anthropized ecosystem developed in relation with the domestic litter hills at Tomesti, Iasi. Both abiotic (climate, soil, air) and biotic (talobyontes, chormobyontes, phytophagous invertebrata) parameters have been recorded. The results showed that the urban wastes deposit has a complex impact upon the environment: air pollution with odours and dust, soil pollution with heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Cu)...

The concept of labour occupation has know different approaches, developments, completions, contradictory opinions, pointing out a high degree of complexity. To begin with, occupation is a means, labour being a fundamental factor of any development. Then, a lasting development cannot be acquired through waste. In the third way, lasting development is undoubtedly connected to the amount of the income. Finally, environment protection is a field necessary to any economy; as economic development bears fruit, jobs conne...

The importance of the influence of temporary rail ways is deduced on the most essential indicator in open cast mining – the productivity of heavy mining mechanization and it is shown how this can be used in practice and through organizing the whole mining process. Also it can be used when corrections through the exploitation of the mine are needed.

The influence of temporary rail ways over transporting ability through the mining railway net in open cast mines is researched. A functional relation between optimal speed of temporary ways and the transporting ability is found.

The Sabzevar ophiolite is a highly dismembered ophiolite complex located along the northern boundary of the Central Iranian Microcontinet (CIM) and is one of the internal groups of ophiolites and colored melange. The area has various lithological units that are the cause of Sabzevar colored melange zone. There are many chromite pods in the area but the high topography and mountainous condition and inability to trace the hidden lenses, many of them are not explored yet. A mathematical- genetic model could be helpfu...

The optimal numbers of runs of a train in open cast mine is one of the most important technical indicators, on which the work of rail transport in mines is evaluated. A functional dependence between the optimum number of runs of a train and the accepted speed on temporary rail ways in a mine is deduced.

All the specialists in open cast mines which are equipped with technological railway transport know that the transporting process has underlined optional character. This is based on several factors. One of them is the levels intensity of possibility of transportation process to be done without any exceptions. The report is on the principles, on which the levels of intensity can be defined.

Twelve of the numerous methodological problems are represented. They appear in the development of the automated systems for control of the mine works at open mines; if these problems are not reported the work of the system can be compromised partially of totally. Shortly those problems could be formulated as follows: 1.The mine is not considered like a system; 2.A management of the model; 3.Hierarchy of proposes and limitations; 4.The depot – a solution or a problem; 5.Attention: literally performance; 6.In prob...

The Environment, Agricultural and Urban management is of valuable importance for Bulgaria, because of the following: п‚· Bulgaria is at transition period now with rapid changes in all fields related to environment, agriculture and urban; п‚· The adoption of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU by Bulgaria will require precise planning of the agriculture which include knowledge about the soil types and structure, relief characteristics, crop and field statistics, yield forecasting, pests management and other al...