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The subject of this paper is to present an efficient method for exploration of surface beds by means of one-channel reflection seismic. Two-step algorithm based on simplified seismic diffraction theory is used for processing of the field data. During the first step the registered wave field is re-calculated with specialized software taking into consideration definite assumptions for the environmental model. During the second step the so re-calculated wave field is transformed using Phase Shift Migration method. As...

The paper aims to point out the utilization of needed geofactors in land-use planning, which represent important limiting conditions for future activities in interest areas, especially in terms of construction of future structures. Through the departments of land-use planning or building offices, a developer or investor should be informed about significant limiting natural factors, which may affect the implementation of the future constructional work as well as the choice of the building lot. Those conditions natu...

The First step in analysis of slope stability in open pit mines is punctual definition of rock mass characteristics. Several rock mass classification systems have been presented so far in the area of geomechanics. One of the most widely used rock mass classification systems are the geomechanics classification (RMR) by Bieniawiski. The RMR classification is based on the definition of classic membership functions. So characterization of rock masses and determination of their strength may involve some uncertainties d...

The Fenton process, one of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), has been widely implemented to remove COD and color for dye wastewater as a pre-treatment or posttreatment process. In recent years, Fenton-like processes have received considerable attention in wastewater removal. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the optimal operational conditions of the Fenton- like process by using raw limonite ore at various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and raw limonite ore for treatment of dye wastewa...

Heavy metal contamination of soils possess a serious health threat and has become one of the major constraining factors in remediating a wide range of contaminated sites. Soil contains various components such as clay, kaolin, feldspar, quartz, etc. Soil composition (type of soil), soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), particle size, time and type of contamination, geological layout, etc. all play a major role in establishing the effectivenes of biosurfactant. In this study, the effects of saponin concentration,...

This study given a simple physic and hydraulics explication behind earthquake, called Tsunami. This explication based to energy conservation equation and wave properties have bind used to understand this phenomenon. As we calculated, the Energy E, Velocity v and wave length $\lambda$ of tsunami are decreased but the amplitude of tsunami wave A is increased when it reaches the land, respectively. The changing of wave height when it close to the shore makes tsunami difficult to be detected at early stage. From our f...

The Goze\ccukuru As-Sb mineralization was occured in an area of 2,1 km2, which is located near the small town of Sahin Village, 22 km west of Kutahya. Low-grade metamorphic rocks (metasandstones, metaconglomerate, chalcshist, graphitic mikaschists, and micaschist and quartz schist) of Upper Paleozoic (Carboniferous- Permian) aged Sahin Formation form the basement. The rhyolitic and rhyodacitic tuffs of Middle-Upper Miocene aged Tavsanlı volcanites uncomformably covers to the Sahin Formation. The Upper Pliocene age...

Sediment transport rates are a function of flow hydraulics, bed composition, and upstream sediment supply. Open-channel flow problems are relatively more difficult to solve than those of closed-conduit because the shape and size of a natural channel vary in a wide range from rivulets to large rivers. While the artificial (manmade) channel has a regular geometric shape, the cross-sectional shape of natural channels may be very irregular. In a movable boundary channel the cross section undergoes deformation due to s...

Surface and ground waters are used for potable water supply. Some of they contain iron and manganese. The presence of these impurities in natural waters is undesirable due to their tendency to oxidize and precipitate under a variety of conditions, causing both aesthetic and treatment water problems. The possibility to use zeolite for iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) removal in low concentrations from water is examined in this paper. Ion-exchange process to the maximum allowable limits of 0.3 mg/L for iron and 0.05 mg/...

The world population has been increasing rather fast along with an inevitable rise in the process of industrialization. Today, the world population has reached 7.2 billion and it has been struggling for better standards of life. However, the ecological equilibrium has been tilted off as a result of depletion of natural resources and of the damage to the nature in order to obtain such packaging materials used for the needs of 7.2 billion people, mainly in terms of food and catering sectors as well as textile, furni...

Upper Paleozoic aged metamorphic rocks, which consist of micaschist, phyllite, metasandstone, marbles, meta dolomitic limestones were located at the basement. Upper Cretaceous ultrabasics have been overturned upon the Paleozoic metamorphic rocks. The Late Upper Cretaceous plutonic rocks are unconformably overlain by the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene volcanics, volcanism composed mainly tuffs and minor amount of volcanic breccia, agglomerate, trachyte and trachyandesitic lava flows and lacustrine volcano-sedimentary ...

The state of Sarawak, situated on northern part of the Borneo Island, is the part of Malaysia Federation. Main raw materials usable for the Sarawak economy are oil, wood, and natural gas. Nowadays the importance of brown coal as a raw material is caused by the growing needs of power in the Sarawak. It is the reason of working trip of authors of this article to the area of Merit Pila. They worked there as Deputy Mine Managers in 2006 and 2007. Merit Pila is great coal basin situated in central Sarawak. The paper br...

In this study, selective shear flocculation of celestite with Aero 845 as anionic surfactant from the mixtures of celestite and calcite was investigated using sodium silicate, sodium phosphate and sodium polyphosphate as inorganic dispersants. The effects of pH and dispersant concentration on the selective flocculation of celestite mineral were studied. Experiments carried out with sodium silicate at optimum conditions yielded a concentrate, which is flocculated material, assaying 82.5\% SrSO4 with a recovery 79\%...

Almost any places in the world, people are using groundwater for drinking and usage needs because of reduced surface and spring waters sources in last decate. Settlement areas, agricultural areas, solid waste areas, industrial areas, waste water discharge areas have always potential to pollute the aquifer media. Boreholes areas for abstracting the ground water has to be picked up not to be carrying risk getting pollution on surface. So it’s necessary for the engineers that hydrogeologic properties has to be choose...

Drilling and blasting is the oldest excavation method in mining and tunnelling applications especially in hard rock conditions. But in recent year, the application of roadheaders and impact hammers in hard rock conditions has increased considerably in both civil and mining engineering fields. The prediction of machine utilization time and determining performance plays an important role in the time scheduling of the tunnelling projects. The tunnels of the Kadikoy-Kartal Metro are under construction. This paper summ...

Tunnels are the objects of road infrastructure which construction requires very complex, demanding, and responsible geodetic tasks. In the tunnelling, at first it is necessary to establish high quality geodetic control that serves as the base for the transfer of the planned tunnel axis in horizontal and vertical directions, as well as the base for all geodetic measurements realised before, during and after tunnel construction. The basic quantity for the planning the completely measuring concept in the tunnelling i...

One of the most difficult challenges is to produce intelligent, actionable information on operational performance, resources, and reserves when the supporting data is scattered across the mine operation or even geographically dispersed. The problem is that traditional approaches to using data in the mining industry is not capable of delivering the right information to the right people, at the right time, and in the form they need. A number of external forces, however, are exerting pressure on mining companies toda...

The results of investigations in physical – chemical, bacteriological and thermodynamic characteristics of drinking water of wells, taken from some village in some primary school of Vushtrri Municipality are presented. Taking into consideration all important parameters we found they were within given limits , just temperature that is higher than given limits, so analysis of water samples for thermo tolerant faecal coli forms which are carried out by passing a measured quantity of water through sterile filter told ...

Modern technology in the production of geodetic instruments and accessories needed for measuring basic quantities (distance and angle) has reached high level. In the filed of geometric levelling, colour layers are put on invar tapes very precisely with measuring uncertainty of 10–50 $\mu$m. These tapes present working scale on invar levelling staves. Using modern precise level (optical of digital) one can read the smallest detail on invar levelling staff with measuring uncertainty of 0.01 mm. Hence, it is obvious ...

In this study, the vibration and air shock measurement results are given in order to evaluate the environmental results of excavation works with explosions executed in the agrega quarry by İlkdal Mining Industry Ltd. Corp. which is working in the borders of Kemerburgaz region of Ey\"up county in İstanbul city on producing agrega. The blasting pattern, explosive material charge parameters and vibration measurement results of each blastings are recorded. In the research, the frequency and particle velocity quantitie...

This work focuses on the assessment of seismic risk issues associated with the potassium salt deposit of Provadia and Soligorsk. The long-term studies 1983-2007 of the only terrestrial Bulgarian salt deposit (Provadia - 43.060N, 27.450E) and Belarusian (Starobin - 52.840N, 27.470E) in connection with the observed higher seismic activity and probable manifestations of technogenic seismicity in the region is presented. The characteristic features of the seismic processes as the identity of the curves of recurrence o...

A finite difference method for solving the initial boundary value problem for one dimensional nonlinear system equations for investigating the quality of water on the model of shallow water flow over on isolated ringe in a class of discontinuous functions is suggested. In order to develop the numerical algorithm the special auxiliary problem having some advantages over the main problem is introduced. The solution obtained from the auxiliary problem represents all physical nature of the investigated problem with a ...

The sintering and phase formation of glass press-powders, obtained after melting and re-melting of MSW bottom ash, were investigated by non-isothermal dilatometry and differential thermal analysis. Additionally, a series of composite materials, containing 20 vol \% corundum powders with different fraction size, were prepared and studied. The crystalline phases, formed at different temperatures, were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and the structure of glasses and final materials were observed by scanning electron m...

In the research, The Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA-scale) proposed by Hjemdal, Friborg, Martinussen, and Rosenvinge was used to assess students’ social intelligence. RSA-scale is consisted of 45 items including five dimensions: (1) personal competence, (2) social competence, (3) family coherence, (4) social support, and (5) personal structure. The internal consistency (Chronbach’s alpha) of all the dimensions is satisfactory high. The inventory was completed by the students twice, separated by a two-month inter...

Actual circumstances of the old storages are treated, created from the enrichment processes in the Trepca Flotation plant, Kishnica’s and Albanik (ex Leposavic) mines. According to the existing documentation there are dragged out more than 60m ton of rich minerals with Pb, Zn, Ag, Au, pyrite and other minerals from Trepca mines. This process was developed in the flotation plants of Stanterg, Kishnica and Albanik mines, achieved in a dispersive complex, as well as during the physical-chemical process. The separatio...

Nowadays the importance of brown coal as a raw material is caused by growing needs of power in the Czech Republic. It namely concerns the only major domestic fossil raw material without which our country would become fully depended on the import of energy resources. Over 70\% brown coal reserves have been exploited in the North- Bohemian Basin today. Opencast mining of brown coal naturally led to vast landscape damages. Therefore reclamation work has acquired great significance. Brown coal is mined in four general...

Bathymetric mapping is the first step in any underwater and sea bed investigation, especially for petroleum exploration. In most we face with a complex of sand and gravel covering the bottom of the sea. Differentiate these two type of seafloor covering material is the case of many research in offshore exploration. In this article We investigated a practical case history to define and show the differences of sand and gravel in their images. The images were obtained by the Yellow-Fin side scan sonar instrument and p...

This paper presents the results of ground vibration measurements and environmental issues occurred on tunnel blasting activities during Kavacık-Beykoz waste water tunnel construction under a residential area in Istanbul, Turkey. Within the scope of the study, the blasting pattern of tunnel was engineered by using Tunnel 2000 design software. 5 events in 5 shots at S2 shaft tunnels, , 6 events in 6 shots at S4 shaft tunnels, , 32 events in 32 shots at S6-shaft tunnels and, 7 events in 7 shots at S7 shaft tunnels we...

Wetlands are important habitats consisting in true biodiversity pools. Human pressure had a continuous negative impact during time, i.e. significant changes, or more, irreversible, where the area of oligothrophic bogs has been reduced. Our observations have been carried in Tinovul Mare–Poiana Stampei Natural Reserve, situated in Dorna Depression (The Oriental Carpathians) at 910 m altitude, with 677 ha. This is the largest peat bog in Romania. The main goal is focused on all biotic and abiotic factors which are in...

Bor-Ulukısla Basin is located in Central Anatolia, southeastern part of Tuz Golu Basin. Tertiary aged sedimentary, volcano-sedimentary and volcanic rock units outcrop at the investigation area. Neogene aged Bor-Ulukısla Basin is a tectonically controlled graben basin and contains syngenetically deposited sediments. Outcropping Neogene sediments, composed of clastic, clayey, dolomitic, tuffitic, evaporitic and silicified rocks, overlie Paleocene-Eocene marine clastic rocks and Paleozoic metamorphic rocks. The Neoge...

A new device for stress tensor measurement is developing on base relief overcoring method applied on conical shaped borehole bottom. Developing of equipment has progressed to two parallel types: for measurement of total rock stress tensor by overcoring procedure and for monitoring of induced changes of rock stress tensor impressed with uderground human activity (progress of long wall face,\ldots). This second type of device has been used to long term monitoring of the stress – strain changes. A functionality of th...

NAVITEQ establishes the first nationwide GNSS network in Bulgaria. It is a private project that offers an inexpensive way of precise positioning by transmitting correction data. The main purpose is to provide services to GNSS users that need centimeter and sub-centimeter accuracy. NAVITEQ provides three types of services called Naviteq Post Processing, Naviteq VRS and Naviteq PreciseRTK. There is another service in real time mode that is under development. The NAVITEQ reference stations positions are determined in...

In this work are presented the results of determination of physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters of water in five levels (7,40; 11,40; 18,40; 28,40 and 30,40 m) of the artificial “Radoniqi” lake, in order to select the most convenient level that offers necessary treatments to be prepared for drinking water. The obtained results show that the water of the “Radoniqi” lake is of a very high quality, soft and the water of the third level is the most suitable to be prepared for drinking after necessary trea...

The objective is the study of filtering tissue permeability and the characterization by means of permeability tests, of the process of coal particles retention in breath protection filters. The porosity of a filter, defined as the ratio between the void volume inside its fibres and the total volume, is a static parameter that provides point source information about the initial conditions of the filtering tissue. When excessive deposition of particles on the fibres happens, there is an increase of resistance to the...

The optimum pit limit design can be defined as determining the ultimate or final mining limits of ore deposit with maximum value or profit which is obtained from its extraction. Heuristic optimization techniques have been one set of the most widely used methods for ultimate pit limit analysis because of their rapid execution speed and easy conceptualization. This paper considers a heuristic technique, known as 3D moving cone to find the optimum pit limit of Sangan iron ore deposit in Iran. To evaluate the results ...

The uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is one of the important input parameters used in rock engineering designs of underground spaces, or rock blasting, drilling, slope stability, excavation rate and many other civil and mining operations. Although, the method is relatively simple, it is time consuming and expensive; also, it requires well prepared rock cores. Therefore, indirect tests are often used to predict the UCS, such as Schmidt hammer, point load index and sound velocity. Besides, these indirect tests ca...

This paper presents the outcome of the study on the compaction and consolidation behaviour of class F fly ash of Talcher Thermal Power Station (TTPS)of India for stowing in the underground mines. Light weight compaction test is conducted by using Proctor mold as per IS: 2720 to determine the optimum moisture content and dry density of fly ash and pond ash samples. From the compaction test it is found that the optimum moisture content of fly ash is 34.25\% at a maximum dry density of 1.15 g/cm3. Similarly, the opti...

Aim of the work is long-time monitoring of building reclamation mixtures on fly ash basis in pilot plant terms. The objective is to obtain a conclusive result set to prove that the interests of environment and people’s health protection are not endangered in the relation with natural geological surroundings by variant bulk mass mining technological utilisation in the area of open pit mines or a power industry. A rigorous assessment of the referential qualitative parameters of monitoring points environment is repre...

In this study, the investigating of sawability and abrasivity of Khalkhal and Azarshahr travertine were carried out in order to the planning of a new plant. To achieve the goal, rock samples were collected from the mines and some mineralogical, physical and mechanical properties of rocks were determined in the laboratory. The sawability was determined by using some empirical methods based on Schmidt hammer value, Tensile Strength, Uniaxial Compressive Strength and P-wave velocity and abrasivity of rocks were inves...

This paper presents software implementation of the geo-database model of the Republic of Macedonia. Geo-database model is developed using the latest information technology, GIS, .NET and relational database. All phases of the software implementation are explained, starting from creating relational database Teкton in SQL Server 2000, enabling geo-database Teкton using SpatialWare 4.8 for entering spatial data, inserting vector maps into geo-database Teкton to developing specialized applications (Desktop Tools and G...

The Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) has proved to be a valuable tool for evaluating the potential for coastal change in a given area. The CVI ranks the following variables in terms of their physical contribution to sea level-related coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of relative sea-level change, the rate of historical shoreline change, mean tidal range and mean significant wave height. They are termed coastal risk variables and the rankings for each variable are combined and an index va...

The separated waste collection is one of the most important parts of the integrated waste management system of municipal wastes. Within the waste management logistics, the attention is concentrated on collection and transport of separated waste deriving from municipal wastes and also on proposing methods of data necessary for collection and transport optimalization. At the proposal of the general usage systematic techniques for valuating transport efficiency of separated wastes, only actual and verified data were ...

The increasing number of recent researches indicates that emotional intelligence is more important than IQ in many fields. In literature, many quantitative findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between academic achievement and emotional intelligence skills. In other words, analysis indicates that emotional intelligence skills can serve as a indicator of academic achievement and effective learning. The main focus of this research is to discuss the relationship between emotional intelligence ski...

Our paper presents the results of a study concerning the possibility to use mushrooms for soil remediation after mining exploitation. The samples have been harvested from Calimani Mountains (Northern Carpathians) an important site for sulphur extraction in Romania. Despite, the sulphur mines have been closed from several years, soil and vegetation are still affected and is necessary to improve theirs qualities especially by biological methods. By oxidation processes, sulphur is transformed in air to oxides especia...

Significant surface flow redistribution is the result of solid mineral deposit exploitation. North taiga region is characterized of high bogging level. Raised bogs of north taiga region are subjected to surface flow redistribution. Woodless raised bogs of the Russian north were historically used as routes of track-type cross-country vehicles. Nowadays vegetation and soil cover of raised bogs are characterized with significant level of disturbance. At present time, raised bogs are used as receivers of the surface a...

In the detailed exploration and reserve estimation, with separating the alteration (as the controller of the grade) in ore reserve and estimating the reserve in each alteration, the estimation variance will decrease and the accuracy of the estimation will increase. In the other hand without any additional drilling, it is also possible to decrease the estimation variance by lowering the sill of variograms. In this method, we have categorized the data into different lithologies and different alterations such as skar...

Norway is a mineral rich country, and many of the mineral resources are close to the very long coast-line with ice-free fjords. EU’s Mineral Wastes Directive (2006/21/EC) implementation date is May 1st, 2008. Strict control is applied to the handle of the waste from the industries, in addition to financial guarantees in case of accidents and long term monitoring. Norway’s deep fjords and resources in the vicinity of, or on the coast, or in narrow valleys near water bodies, therefore have special waste management c...

There are 25 main river basins in Turkey. Konya Closed Basin (KCB) is 4th biggest basin according to its precipitation area which is about 53 850 km2. The area consists of two closed sub-basins those are referred to as Salt Lake Basin and Konya Basin. Disruption of the natural hydrological regimes and over-consumption of freshwater resources pose the principal threats to the wetlands, salt lakes and freshwater bodies. Irrigation schemes have diverted water from the streams that feed scattered freshwater resources ...

This report are containing results of the analyses about quality estimation of water at the 35 hydrological and hydro-geological nature monuments of the republic of Tatarstan, which was been investigated analytical methods. This is objects of hydrosphere, are having more ecology-pure water in comparison with other analogs in that region which is known as region having intensively developed structure of an oil-extracting complex. In this region are difficulty to execute the long-term forecast of dynamics of change ...

Smelting of hammerable iron and its treatment in Antiquity and Medieval produced also by-product: slag. Because of small yields of iron the process produced only small amounts of slag that did not attract attention of smelter concerning its possible use. The use of slag pieces was only accidental. The paper deals with the most important processes used for treatment of blast furnace and steelmaking slags and with the most important ways of their utilization. The method of recycling of steelmaking slags, that follow...