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Geographic information systems (GIS) constitute a new powerful technology that can address many of the information needs of decision makers in state and local governments. Therefore this paper represents an attempt to use this technique to optimize Ghorabi iron ore grade for uses in blast furnace as the first step in steel industry in Egypt.

The problem of converting the points in a coordinate system to another coordinate system is very common in Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering. The coordinates in a coordinate system can be derived from the definite coordinates of the points in another system by means of coordinate transformation. The type of transformation is determined according to the objective of the transformation and the number of the common points in definite coordinates. Similarity (Helmert), Affine and Projective transformation methods...

Soil erosion is a process threatening natural resources such as water, soil, plant cover and climate both directly and indirectly and it is dangerous for human safety and his life. Erosion not only weakens soil, makes useless farms and a lot of damage, but also causes harm by sedimentation solid of materials in streams, sources, dams, ports and decreases the amount of their capacity. In this project, we are studying soil erosion in Mousa Abad basin in Tiran, Isfahan in SLEMSA model using GIS. In this research, the...

Land planning is more and more understood to be a decisive tool, by means of which the society secures the systematic solving of functional, economic and engineering problems of the arrangement of landscape settlement, the rational use and protection of natural resources. The paper deals with an evaluation of four selected geobarriers (flood lands, radon hazard, undermining and slope movements) by means of geographic information systems that are geofactors endangering or limiting landscape and environment or make ...

Ochotona mediterranensis nov. sp. is recognized from an Early Pliocene of İğdeli (SW Sivas, Central Anatolia). The morphological description of the new species is given within its own systematic and stratigraphic relationships.

The growing concern for the preservation of heritage in face of natural hazards led to the appearance of the Regional Framework Operation (OQR) NOE - Heritage and Prevention of Natural Hazards under the Community Initiative INTERREG III C. The OQR NOE, led by the Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur (PACA, France) region, together with the Northern Portuguese regional coordination agency (CCDR-N), Molise and Sicily regions (Italy) and eastern region of Attica (Greece) aimed at developing preventive measures to safeguard the...

The “Pecine” Tunnel is located on the Croatian national road D404 which connects the centre of city Rijeka and Su\vsak port with the Rijeka Bypass. Because of many specificities, namely, three-lane and four-lane sections, two connections, tunnel’s location near the residential area and railway, it was required special approach to its construction. In this paper geodetic procedure and the results of stake out supervising of some tunnel elements, cross profile surveying, as well as verification and adjustment of som...

Periodic thermal processes and periodic temperature fields are of widespread occurrence in nature and technology. In nature they are at a large conditioned by periodic processes, such as the Earth’s one year period orbital motion, its diurnal rotation, etc. In conductive heat transfer mechanism daily variations in temperature almost decay in a layer about 1 meter thick and annual variations do it in a 18-21meters thick layer. In the case that periodic Sun heating coincides with fluid mass transfer (when water perc...

The approach for formal description of topological description of images is suggested. It is based on the grammar approach for the definition the different types of graphic images. The procedure for verification of defined image is developed. It is based on the conformity checks. The procedures for creation of such description from binary maps and grey level monochrome or multiband images are compared. The procedures for matching of identical points in images are introduced. Such approach is suitable for georefere...

The subject of the paper is a landslide process near Sofia, which endangers the international railway traffic to Greece. Sliding arises out of a lack of measures for drainage. The intensive landslide process should be overcome in three stages: 1/ prompt measures for the active slide prevention combined with earthfill abutment with a retaining wall; 2/ building of drainage structures, and 3/ reinforcement of the earth bed under the railroad. The approach for getting the landslide processes under control is demonstr...

In order to give an evaluation on the quality of air in Albania we refer to two socialeconomical periods, that before 1990 and that after 1990. In the period before 1990 are noticed some indicators which played a considerable role in the quality of air in Albanian environment. Some characteristics were: controlled demographic movements, industrial activities located in the suburbs, road transport with a limited number of vehicles, few constructions etc. economical social period after 1990 caused profound changes, ...

Continuously increasing demand for energy resources drives petroleum industry to search in very deep waters, drilling very deep wells, encountering adverse conditions of pressures and temperatures and thus having to resolve a multitude of problems. In many cases, the problems can be attributed to the performance of drilling fluids which then presents challenges to drilling fluid industry. Such problems include poor hole cleaning, high pressure losses, loss circulation zones, fluid gelation, reservoir fluid invasio...

In the current global crisis conditions any opportunity of extending the tourism market, attracting a new segment of tourists is welcome. The lake’s water stands as a crucial link that conditions a leads through its physicalchemical composition the lake’s biological life, the flora and fauna casting, their discomposure and transformation into mud quality important organic mater. The water’s level growth involves deep qualitative alterations, concerning the peloidogenesis phenomenon related species, and the water’s...

Seashore, generally, especially cliffs, are very often affected by problems with instability. Such problems often lead to endanger of existing properties, excavations or structures under construction and to increase in expenses. The prime trigger for land slipping is a high ground water level. The method of dewatering is important. Some traditional drainage techniques are proven methods. However, two innovative deep drainage systems, siphon drains and electropneumatic drains, could have certain advantages. Two exa...

There are selected regions with a certain quality of a situation or a tendency of changes of environmental components. The significantly changes, in these areas are observed at soils, as the basic component of environment at which is man biologically contacted. The significantly chemical degradation of soils - acidification and contamination of soils with heavy metals - in loaded regions – the middle Spis region are showed. The middle Spis region is area at Slovak republic with deteriorated or heavily deteriorated...

Turkey has took part fully in the Socrates programme, one of the Community education and culture programmes that seeks to increase the unity and integration between the people and countries placed in Europe, in 2004. As a result, Turkish higher education institutions have had the chance to join Erasmus -the higher education associated subprogram of the Socrates programme- all through the academic year 2004/2005 and recognized mobility activities with their European partners. The initial part of this article compri...

Classification of information and data of mining in every relevant mining industry plays an important, sensitive, and undeniable role in progressive decision making procedures. Collecting this data in the form of a software collection package can be useful in providing service and information for the future mining activities and industries. Organizing of mining information on base the type of major minerals, geological setting, origin of the forming , and situation of the active and abandoned mines basically leads...

During the production and service to the humanity of mine resources that are needed both by industry and construction of new grand buildings and plants that are the basic news of the modern world parallel to the urbanization and the increase in population, it is known that, like it has been in the past and will be in the future, works of excavation by blastings are inevitable.In order to designate the effects of the blastings on surrounding area, measurements of concussion and air shocks are very important. This p...

UBL is product of international effort to define standard for electronic business documents based on XML without licence fees. Contribution deals with creation of electronic business documents derived from UBL 2.0 for „Order-to-Invoice“ process in Slovak SMEs environment, identification of particular items in business documents and mapping these items to UBL standard with subsequent customization of UBL. Contribution further deals with visual presentation of created documents in MS InfoPath environment in relation...

Rising operating costs of truck haulage in deep open-pit mines, have forced them to apply new methods. The most common method is using an in-pit crusher and conveying the ore and/or waste out of the pit .This method has been successfully implemented in several large open-pit mines. In deep mines it may be necessary to move the crusher and reinstall it in new location(s). This paper offers an approach to determine these location(s). The approach is simply to propose various alternatives and calculate related costs ...

Currently, continuous gas lift has a significant contribution for the purpose of petroleum production from those wells that have low production rates or those that have ceased their production. Therefore, production engineers are constantly finding the ways for optimizing this type of system. Superior designs are achieved when important parameters are optimized prior to system implementation. Optimization of gas injection into the annulus and also the tubing size are of the most important parameters. The functiona...

The presence of aerosol particles is strongly related with increased morbidity and mortality even at the ordinary aerosol concentration levels that occur in the urban environment. Aerosols contamination of indoor environment can originate from both outdoor and indoor sources (cooking, smoking etc.). Dangerous effect of particles consists in their penetration and deposition into human respiratory system. Because of inhalation exposure not only particulate size is important, but also particulate matter’s chemical co...

In the face of current population growth and fast depletion of resources, organizations and society have become more conscious of the protection of the environment. Organizations are no longer concerned solely with profit maximization; instead, they have adopted a green marketing concept which makes them socially more responsible and sensitive to environmental affairs. What is green marketing? Besides meeting customers’ needs, it is an approach that includes planning, development, pricing, distribution and holding...

Natural sources of water, especially fresh water resources, are of significant importance for the population of each country. One of the major problems of the research of water state is the determination of influence of anthropogenic impact factors on water quality. In the given work there is executed statistical processing of the existing base of longterm historical data of the River Kura (Mtkvari) water quality parameters (some physical-chemical parameters and the main ions) for the period of 1980–1989, and ther...

Kosova geology structurally is roughly divided into two equal-sized areas represented (in east from the Vardar Zone and in the west from the Drina-Ivanjica/Share-Korabi zone) of the one part and the other part in NNE-SSW direction between the Serbo- Macedonian province in Kosova and the geological Dinaric province of Albania. The fault zone of Mesozoic alteration which divides Dinaric and the Korabi of respective geotectonic units in two parts is called Shkoder-Peje lineament. Geotectonic units: Dinaric, Vardar Zo...

A horizon of carbonate minerals underlies the organic soils of the Thracian plane. This horizon has irregular thickness, density and mineral composition. In the world scientific literature, such horizons are usually described as pedogenic calcretes. The growth of the carbonate layer depends on many factors; among them are the global climate change, the acidity of the atmospheric precipitates and the agricultural practices. The carbonate layer is very significant to the biological productivity of the soil. It tends...

The description of new theoretical solutions of forming a strain and stress state in the soil massifs of landslide prone slopes is introduced. The suggested approach is based on a new theory of forming of the limited equilibrium in rock massifs which includes: Coulomb-Mohr’s criterion for the limited state equilibrium of rocks, the concept of the rock structural strength str (for compression), the interaction of active and passive pressures in slope massif. The equation for the limited state equilibrium in a grou...

Transparency, mobility and recognition in higher education are the aims of the Bologna Declaration. That is why participation in the European Higher Education on Bologna Process provides one of the important stimuli for change in Turkish Universities like many European countries which are currently the members of European Higher Education System. The European credit transfer system for VET (ECVET) in order to allow learners to build on the achievements resulting from their learning pathways when moving between lea...

In continuous gas lift, gas may be injected continuously or intermittently, depending on the producing characteristics of the well and the arrangement of the gas-lift equipment. Being somehow an ancient tool with an age of over a century, gas lift is though still a challenging problem when overall optimization is the concern. When the injection gas is of a limited supply the problem is finding the best gas allocation scheme. However there are increasingly emerging cases in certain geographic localities where the g...

The authors present the update stage of Braila Plain water resouces. Within the surface waters, the Buzau, Siret, Calmatui rivers as well as the Danube are included, as they are water suppliers for Braila Plain, in the absence of other important water resources. The lakes are few in number, with a low volume of water and a high chemism. The smalldepth underground waters exist as a continuously ground water layer and the high-depth ones are found especially in the Fratesti layers, but these have a high mineralizati...

\cCakraz district of Bartın province in northwestern Turkey contains wide deposits of quartz sand. Regional geology consist of Lias aged carbonated claystones of Himmetpaşa formation, Barremian aged limestone, dolomitic limestones of Zonguldak formation and Aptian aged sandstone – carbonated sandstones of Kilimli formation. \cCakraz district quartz sand deposits are hosted in Himmetpaşa formation and usually occur as wide lenses in the host rocks. In this study major and minor element chemical analysis, petrograph...

Ventilation networks in underground mines may be affected by items such as: locating of objects in air path or destruction of support systems which would result in pressure loss and distortion of air flow. By considering the necessity of keeping the network performances at appropriate level in such conditions, in this study, definition of ventilation network evaluation has been proposed which indicates the network reliability in an uncertain situation. Economic and safety concerns in mines involve this fact that t...

This paper presents the analysis of ground vibration parameters induced by blasting excavations realized at different sites located close to the residential areas. Within the scope of this study, in order to predict peak particle velocity and determine the slope of the attenuation curve for all sites and rock units, ground vibration components were measured for all blast events over a long period. During the study, while the parameters of scaled distance were recorded carefully, the ground vibration components wer...

Konya Basin has wide area which 62.000 km2 and has important water potential. However water reserves decreasing in basin recent years. Groundwater levels are decreasing for global warming, scarcity of rains, unconscious usage, plant cover, uncontrolled illegal wells and conditions of basin coming near drought. Climatic data are changing because of global warming in Konya Basin. Average rain is 280,8 mm and this is very low. Drought period is living since 1998 in basin. Rain quantity of 2007 is less than average of...

Collapsible lands are generally found in arid and sub arid areas. These kinds of soils that are in metastable structure have high void ratio and low weight per unit volume. Loess soil that are wind deposits, residual soils, soils that are formed by volcanic ashes, alluvium soils, fine sand and silts, silt sand and loam are among the soils that have collapsing tendency. Collapsing that happened due to the increase on the water content of the base soil is generally seen in loosen silt layers that have low water cont...

Lignite and other types of coal are formed as result of different chemical and biological transformations of ligneous and plant materials lacking oxygen. During the coal use for energy production , there are mineralogical remains in the form of ashes, which have different physical, chemical, mineralogical and morphological properties, which largely depend on the type of coal used, and technology in its combustion. This type of ashes is presented in thermal power plants in the form of dust or fly ash and inorganic ...

The historical Ibrahim Aga Mansion purchased by the Chamber of Architects of Aksaray and wished to be used as the service building for the chamber. In this study, the strengthening project before the restoration of the building was prepared. The building had no foundations under the stone walls and suffered from cracks and decaying of the wooden floors. Since the existing structural system did not allow restoration of the building, strengthening and redesign of the structural system was the main priority. In the r...

Here we show how a lattice Boltzmann based approach accurately model acoustic wave propagation in strongly heterogeneous media. Rather than solving a partial-differential wave equation in a continuous medium, the lattice-Boltzmann based method directly simulates the physical processes of wave propagation: transportation, reflection and transmission. It can accurately handle sharp interfaces at any locations along lattice links, and total reflections from free surfaces or empty bubbles. I used empty and nonempty bu...

This study focuses on the geochemical and mineralogical compounds of clay occurrences that had been interbedded low rank coals in Biga Peninsula, Turkey. The usages of these clay formations were also studied. Clay occurrences were formed and alternated along with Tertiary lignite seams in the peninsula where is one of the basic metallic and industrial mineral potential regions in Turkey. Chemical and mineralogical analyses were performed on thirteen clay samples from different lignite beds. The XRD analyses show t...

The nature does not respect administrative boundaries. However, the protected areas are very often located on the state boundaries and in many cases neighbour just on the boundary. Also establishment of Natura 2000 Network as the "Habitats" and "Birds" Directives invoked the need for interoperable, accessible and harmonised datasets in the European Union. The need to have information on nature conservation geo-referenced and available at the EU level increases in recent years due to a trend by European park author...

Peridotite massif of Goleshi is representative of the dippiest mantle section of Vardari oceanic lithosphere: The characteristics of deep mantle peridotite are: the total lack of pyroxenite dyke series, the total lack of the gabbroic dyke series, the lack of the chromites ore bodies, presence of rare and small dunite lenses. Ophiolitic peridotite of the Goleshi massif set tectonically over metamorphic Paleozoic-Triassic series and is transgresivelly overlaid by Pliocene formations. The striking of the foliation is...

Groundwater is an important source of drinking water for many human communities, both urban and rural, their quality directly determining the health state of the population. At European level a great importance is given to water, the Water Framework Directive 60/200/EC establishing clear objectives through which all European waters (including groundwaters) should achieve a “good status” until 2015 and through which water should be used in a sustainable way throughout Europe. In this context, sanitary protection of...

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with UV irradiation and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst is a ’green’ process for the treatment and purification of water and wastewater. In this work, for further investigation of applicable AOPs for wastewater treatment, a novel tubular continuous-flow photoreactor was designed and constructed and then all experiments were carried out in this photoreactor. The photoreactor comprises six quartz tubes and a UV lamp, which was placed in the center of the quartz tubes. G...

Reservoir fracturing or fissuring is a natural phenomenon and a major factor in many Oil engineering studies. The factors that cause the Reservoir to fracture were analyzed in Tabnak Anticline, in Fars province of Iran using the borehole images information (EMI). A nonlinear simulation and assessment model of reservoir fracturing was established using the artificial neural network (ANN) technology to simulate the structure and function of the neural network (NN) of the human brain with engineering technology. The ...

The focus of the study is to investigate the some precious elements of the metallic occurrences which are related to sulphure mineralizations in Korudere Pb-Zn ore deposit in Biga Peninsula. The peninsula contains a very rich zone in terms of metallic ores and industrial minerals. The observations and studies of former researchers on the peninsula revealed that distribution of both ore bearing deposits and Tertiary volcanic / intrusive units exhibited great similarity. Barite accompanies the lead-zinc mineralizati...

Some rock types have been more favorable for dimensional building stone since early ages of civilization. These rocks in general are stable and their properties have been long lasting for the selected locations. Due to availability they have been used in human history not only for building stone alone, but they have also been used for other engineering and artistic projects in cities. In this study; mechanical properties of 5 types of ignimbrite rocks and one basalt rock were tested for their usability for dimensi...

Nowadays, the problem of fine micro-and nano-scale «invisible» gold, remains urgent, with the substantial loss of metal during enrichment of sulphide ores. Mineralogical studies show that the vast majority of native gold in sulphides is in the form of fine, dust and thin particles, with a subordinate amount is very small and petty. According to the confirmed reserves of gold, Kazakhstan is among the top ten countries of the world. The considered balance stock of deposits is 196 (126 autochthonous, 47 complex, 23 a...

In regard to indisputable carcinogenic effects of asbestos species the European Union prohibited (from January 2005) the usage all kinds of asbestos fibres in member states. This fact resulted in replacement of asbestos by artificial mineral and synthetic fibres. In this context large demolitions are realised, frequently unnecessary and a big volume of wastes and dangerous dust is created. These are mainly hazardous wastes that require an adequate disposal. The paper offers a view of the most frequently used metho...