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An opportunity for investigation of dam deformation processes based on periodically determined spatial chord length is discussed. The main priorities of using such geodetic determinations in comparison with the mass applied in the practice coordinate differences are shown. A method for dam investigation based on the deformations-theory and on the finite elements method is proposed.

The ionosphere is the upper part of the Earth atmosphere, starting at an altitude of about 50 km. It consists of free electrons and ions, mainly generated through solar radiation. GPS observations are delayed within the ionosphere, since it is a dispersive medium for electromagnetic waves. The range error caused by the ionosphere at the GPS operation frequency L1 can reach a few tens of meters. This effect is as a first approximation proportional to the so-called Slant Total Electron Content (STEC) along the ray p...

This study analyzes the possibilities of anchorage and reform of a sterile deposition resultant from copper mining activities from around the Brad-Romania mining area. Because this sterile deposition is out of service from about 8 years, the solutions we had to propose according to work of biologic recultivation must stabilized the sterile deposition. After consolidation the danger of rain and snow melting waters will diminish. The main purpose is to avert pollution of area environment factors and concurrently acc...

The Sabzevar complex ophiolite including igneous rocks consist of peridotites (lherzolite, dunite and harzburgite), serpentinite, gabbros and a volcanic sequence composed of basalts, andesites, rhyolites and basanites. Based on petrographic observations and geochemical analyses of incompatible trace and rare earth elements, three different types of extrusive rocks have been classified. a: Initial molten originated N-MORB-like basalts, which formed after a LREE depleted magmas, and are petrogenetically related to t...

A bottom ash and a fly ash sample from Unit 1 of the Agios Dimitrios Power Plant, Northern Greece, were subjected to a one stage leaching procedure (Synthetic Groundwater Leaching Procedure – SGLP). The lignite burned in it derives from the Southern Field Mine from the Lignite Centre of Western Macedonia. The Relative Mass Leached (RML) for ten major (Al, P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Na, Si, S and Ti) and forty eight trace elements (Li, Be, B, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, ...

People have always used metals and minerals and products made from or with minerals in a nearly infinite number of ways. With the increase in population and real per capita income, the demand for mineral commodities is likely to rise in the future.Mineral Processing in the mining industry can be defined as the economic recovery of a valuable commodity from a mineral deposit. Mineral processing operations produce significant amounts of solid and liquid wastes. As the quality of mineral deposits diminishes, raw mate...

In this study, diagnostic leaching and ultrafine grinding as pretreatment step ahead of two-stage cyanidation of Kaletaş ore were studied to shed light on the refractory characteristics of ore. The overall gold extraction of 93\% was achieved in two-stage cyanidation of ultrafinely ground ore suggesting the presence of readily recoverable gold (74\%) and slowly reacting gold (19\%) in the ore. Diagnostic leaching approach provided information into the cause of the refractoriness of the ore. The findings of diagnos...

Results from students’ education in subject “Explosions in Industry” are noted in the protocol. It is towards sector “Education of Bulgarian Citizens” to the Complex Center for Education and Qualification of MGU “St. Ivan Rilski”. There is a short analysis for study plans, programs, way of taking certificate for work with explosives and there are some offers for improving the education quality.

After a period of more than four decades of centralized management, Romania has decided to return to local autonomy principle, in this way transferring major and concrete responsibilities to the local administration. Currently 17 municipalities, each with more than 150.000 inhabitants, have benefited from capital investment programs financed mainly by EU and IFI for rehabilitation of their water and wastewater infrastructure. In Romania, out of 263 urban localities, around 230 are considered small and medium-sized...

The optimization of the coal winning process using different mechanical and alternative cutting techniques using appropried mathematical models is an up to date reserch methodology. In the paper, two kind of such models are presented, first using deterministic analytical relations evaluated by numerical calculus, and the second using Monte-Carlo simulation of the process using experimentally obtained test data to generate random values of intrinsic rock parameters and logic diagram for the functional connections b...

Choghart iron ore deposit is located 13 kilometers northeast of Bafq and 120 kilometers east of Yazd. In order to model the deposit and estimate its reserve, 331 input data gained from 125 boreholes were used. Iron grade was selected as the major regional variable on which the present research has focused. All of the available data were changed to two-meter composites so that statistical equalization could be reached. Studies indicated that Fe input data had single - population characteristics and obeyed a natural...

The optimal numbers of runs of a train in open cast mine is one of the most important technical indicators, on which the work of rail transport in mines is evaluated. A functional dependence between the optimum number of runs of a train and the accepted speed on temporary rail ways in a mine is deduced.

During 2004, pluridisciplinary investigations have been devoted to the abiotic and biotic characteristics of the anthropized ecosystem developed in relation with the domestic litter hills at Tomesti, Iasi. Both abiotic (climate, soil, air) and biotic (talobyontes, chormobyontes, phytophagous invertebrata) parameters have been recorded. The results showed that the urban wastes deposit has a complex impact upon the environment: air pollution with odours and dust, soil pollution with heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Cu)...

The mine production is an inflex point of industry due to the fact that the work is conducted in an environment with abruptly changing parameters and at great depths, where the laws of physics are valid through their exceptions. Under these conditions, the main controlling factor is the mine-geological and technological information. Its management is the basis of the modern mine production.

After a period of more than four decades of centralized management, Romania has decided to return to local autonomy principle, in this way transferring major and concrete responsibilities to the local administration. Currently 17 municipalities, each with more than 150.000 inhabitants, have benefited from capital investment programs financed mainly by EU and IFI for rehabilitation of their water and wastewater infrastructure. In Romania, out of 263 urban localities, around 230 are considered small and medium-sized...

Twelve of the numerous methodological problems are represented. They appear in the development of the automated systems for control of the mine works at open mines; if these problems are not reported the work of the system can be compromised partially of totally. Shortly those problems could be formulated as follows: 1.The mine is not considered like a system; 2.A management of the model; 3.Hierarchy of proposes and limitations; 4.The depot – a solution or a problem; 5.Attention: literally performance; 6.In probab...

It is presented in the paper two approaches for geographic data storage and maintenance in Relation data base management system (RDBMS). The methods for data indexing and organization of data storage in DB are discussed as follows: Creating of spatial index on the basis of Quad-tree, applied in the ORACLE 8i module - ORACLE Spatial; Creating of spatial index on the basis of R-tree or rectangle grid coverage over the map with spatial data applied in ORACLE Spatial and ESRI SDE (Spatial Database Engine). The discuss...

Landslides have a large quantity of the natural disasters world-wide, this trend will increase in the future due to increased urbanization and development. The creation of maps of susceptibility, danger and risk is very important for engineering geologists, geomorphologists and city planners. Although several techniques are available for landslide risk investigation, reliable susceptibility mapping of landslides is very difficult due to their complex nature. Techniques for susceptibility mapping such as; determini...

At present one has quite a good knowledge of lithospheric plate movement that occurs along such large living fractures as San Andreas in California, North Anatolian in Turkey and others. At the rest of the earth’s territory rock mass for the most part seem to be a static and motionless medium. However, as investigations show, even at small rock mass areas deformation processes of different period and amplitude take place. Such processes that occur in the earth’s crust are connected with a serious risk for objects,...

In this work in terms of the ideas of the zone of inelastic deformations generated around stress concentrators in heterogeneous rock mass as a quasi-plastic block medium having a microstructure, rigorous criteria of rock mass stability are obtained that naturally take into account mining-geological and geomechanical conditions. Theoretical ideas added to the problems of underground structure stability permitted to provide an explanation for paradoxical, in the view of classical representations, numerous cases of m...

Hydrogeological investigations of groundwater are based on large amount of qualitative and quantitative data which demands a complex approach to modeling and organizing information into some logical data model, useful on local, regional and national level. For that purpose at Geological survey of Slovenia we established a Database of hydrogeolocial data to define groundwater bodies of Slovenia in which all significant data of groundwater bodies, aquifers and hydrogeological objects are available.The main objective...

In this work the main goal is to design and develop a expert system, with special focus on water management and quality. It is remarkable the high quantity of information and knowledge patterns implicit in large databases coming from the monitoring of any system or dynamical environmental process. For instance, historical data collected about meteorological phenomena in a certain area, about the performance of a wastewater treatment plant, about characterizing environmental emergencies (toxic substances wasting). ...

Nickeliferrous laterite is a source of ferronickel alloy extracted by a pyro-metallurgical process. Laterite deposits found in Greece are mainly secondary depositions and their nickel content is about 1\%. Beneficiation of the run of mine ore is limited to the +1 mm fraction by magnetic or gravitational processes and its effect is rather unsatisfactory due to the insufficient liberation of the nickel bearing minerals. The mineralogical structure of the ore consists mainly of hematite nodules (pissoids) and quartz ...

Social structure has been changed by developments in Science and Technology. Encountered problems on community which organized level being high, solution of problems of qualities and quantities have been different. Using computer being widespread in production and developments in communication technology solved many problems which to suppose his solutions is impossible but at this time, they created new complex problems that to concern about topics of specialization and occupation [Selimoğlu, 2004]. Modern managem...

In this study, flotation concentration of Trabzon-Kayabaşı Massive Sulphide ore was investigated. The effects of particle size, reagent concentration (collector and depressant) and agitation speed on the recovery of copper were studied. The results have shown that the ore responded poorly to concentration by flotation with low efficiency of seperation of copper minerals from sphalerite and pyrite. Changing the flotation conditions i.e. decreasing particle size to >99\% passing 38 $\mu$m or increasing the concentra...

A hydrochemical study is conducted in the Faria basin / NE of the West Bank to define water types and to determine hydrochemical parameters of the aquifer system. More than 150 water samples were analysed, which covered all springs and wells. The physical and chemical properties were determined. The major cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ and the major anions HCO3-, Cl-, SO42- and NO3- were analysed. The minor constituents of SiO2, F-, Br- and PO43- and the trace elements Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn and Pb were determined...

Considering the benefits of intensive agriculture in our time and the negative impact of chemical fertilizers and pesticides against the environment, usage of PGPR (plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria) like biofertilizers is one of the most promising biotechnology used for growing the primary production with less quantity of chemical fertilizers. The usage of PGPR may be an alternative to organic fertilizers and can reduce the pollution and preserve the environment in the spirit of practicing an ecological agricul...

The good functionality (applicability) of a geodetic point can be characterized by its compatibility. Compatibility of a geodetic point can be defined by the 2D or 3D geometric coincidence between (Jakub 2001, Jakub-Sabova 2004): a) the immaterial point given by coordinates for a geodetic point in a reference frame; b) the material point defined by the physical mark of this geodetic point. These two points should be geometrically identical in horizontal plane (2D) or space position (3D). They have but really diffe...

Designing and building a geological server is a very important and responsible task. The successful implementation of that task is based on the right selection of Internet technologies, middle-tier scalable server, map server and a proper platform. Making all these technologies to work as one in a perfect synchronization will be a serious proof that we have one modern Geological server.

Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ) is a method to evaluate the risk where there is the potential for landslides. Therefore, many terrain factors affecting the landslides have been exposed firstly. The factors contributing to the hazard in an area can usually be identified, results of the investigations frequently being presented as a landslide hazard zonation map indicating zones of similar risk of the occurrence of a landslide. North railway track is one of the areas susceptible to landslides in Iran, consist of sev...

Designing and building a geological server is a very important and responsible task. The successful implementation of that task is based on the right selection of Internet technologies, middle-tier scalable server, map server and a proper platform. Making all these technologies to work as one in a perfect synchronization will be a serious proof that we have one modern Geological server.

An ongoing geologic and geophysical investigation in the deep-water Black Sea, offshore Bulgaria reveals conditions suitable for hydrocarbon accumulations with giant field size potential. This potential lies within the buried offshore extension of the Paleogene Balkanide fold belt and its adjacent Eocene-Oligocene foreland basin, in water depths of 500-1,700 meters. With the benefit of onshore geologic studies and new offshore seismic acquisition and processing, it is possible to recognize and evaluate the basic e...

This paper presents the results of an assessment of the earthquake hazard for the Qom province, based on seismotectonic conditions, regional earthquake data and seismicity analyses. The active faults and potential seismic sources of the region are identified and illustrated in a seismotectonic map. A model of earthquake sources has been prepared. The appropriate acceleration attenuation laws are selected and earthquake hazard analysis has been done for the province using an analysis point interval scale of 0.1*0.1...

Paste backfill is composed of a mixture of mine tailings, process and/or fresh water for the desired solid-water consistency and hydraulic binder to ensure a target mechanical resistance. This paper presents some studies undertaken on the strength development and deformation behaviour of paste backfill mixtures made from a Turkish zinc mine tailings. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the strength and deformation properties of paste mixtures with binder content ranging from 4 to 7 wt\% a...

This paper presents the results from the study of heavy metals contamination of paddy soil of the Ko\vcani Field (Eastern Macedonia), an area with extensive agricultural production. The soil of the Ko\vcani Field is supposed to be polluted by heavy metals due to mining activities and acid mine drainage from Zletovo-Kratovo and Sasa-Toranica ore districts. This was supposed by the fact that acid mine drainage and direct input of Zletovo Pb-Zn mine effluents of pH 3.4 with mean Pb concentrations of 66 mg l-1, Zn at ...

A structural analysis on the used in processes of open cast mining formula is made and some functional dependences are deduced. This shows the relation between optimal speed on temporary rail ways and the productivity of mounding excavator – single – bucket and with many buckets.A structural analysis on the used in processes of open cast mining formula is made and some functional dependences are deduced. This shows the relation between optimal speed on temporary rail ways and the productivity of mounding excavator...

This paper aims to proof the concept of remote control of sensors, for automated monitoring of ecological processes. Using National Instrument LabVIEW framework, we realized an application that monitor/command using the same server, different ecological processes.

When working on a GIS project or developing a Web application an alternative and cost-effective way to distribute these data to users is to use ArcWeb Services. It is a delivery system, which reduces costs of spatial data maintenance and data storage and enables easy access to up-to-date data. The paper describes the setting up of an interactive map server of Slovenian geological spatial data using ArcIMS implementation (ESRI program package). In the last decade numerous geological data of more than 40 different g...

The flyrock from blasting operations can harm, damage or expose the workers of a particular worksite or the dwellers of a wider area of extractive activities (quarry, mine, construction site) to damage risks; in some cases even death might be caused, too. There are certain and different ideas and theoretical approaches regarding the evaluation of causes and the implementation of flyrock prevention measures to be taken, as well. This implementation, however, in practice requires a more delicate and rather professio...

The paper describes using wastes from power industry for filling the open pits. It presents the types of post-mining open pits which require filling and reclamation. The methods of using combustion by-products which come from commercial power stations and thermal-electric power stations are presented in the paper. The types of combustion byproducts, their origin, amount and features are discussed. The significant differences between parameters of ashes from brown coal and hard coal are underlined. The properties o...

The Sabzevar ophiolite is a highly dismembered ophiolite complex located along the northern boundary of the Central Iranian Microcontinet (CIM) and is one of the internal groups of ophiolites and colored melange. The area has various lithological units that are the cause of Sabzevar colored melange zone. There are many chromite pods in the area but the high topography and mountainous condition and inability to trace the hidden lenses, many of them are not explored yet. A mathematical- genetic model could be helpfu...

The North-Bohemian Basin area is known for its largest Czech brown coal deposit. About 50\% brown coal reserves have been exploited in the North-Bohemian Basin by the mining company of Severoceske doly, a.s. (North Bohemian Mines) today. The opencast mining of brown coal naturally led to vast landscape damages. Therefore reclamation work has acquired great significance. The specific feature of Severoceske doly, a.s. mining is the fact that the mining has been realized in two geologically absolutely different local...

It was considered the physical bases of tides. The accent is on the influence of tides over gravimetric measurements. It was accent on the Moon too as a basic planet made tides. It was shown an entire and complete technology for computation of tidal correction and it is applied for real gravimetric measurements. Here was made analysis and conclusions with practical purpose.

General environmental problems generated during blast activities in open pit mining are ground vibrations, air pressure, fly rock, dust and poisonous gases and fumes. In some cases, these problems can be the source of some continual disagreements (fear, right and unrighteous complaints, etc.) on inhabitants living close to a blast-based production in a quarry as well as damage on the buildings situated nearby. In this study, the ground vibrations produced by blasting operations performed at a limestone quarry were...

The influence of temporary rail ways over transporting ability through the mining railway net in open cast mines is researched. A functional relation between optimal speed of temporary ways and the transporting ability is found.

For increasing the endurance of bucket wheel excavators’ teeth dipper, used in brown coal open pits from Oltenia, were made theoretic researches and experiments finalized with the accomplishment of new dippers and teeth more reliable and more cheeper, which are used according to mechanic characteristics of brown coal and dead-ground from the working faces.

Mine backfill can be defined as the material or materials used for filling the underground openings created by the mining process in order to establish and retain safe working conditions. In this study, an overview of the current application of mining operations with paste backfill technology has been examined with a case study from an underground copper-zinc mine located in the northeast Turkey. Due to the elimination of the harmful mine tailings obtained from mill processing and hence the reduced rehabilitation ...

The influence of temporary rail ways over transporting ability through the mining railway net in open cast mines is researched. A functional relation between optimal speed of temporary ways and the transporting ability is found.

Mass-produced digital photographic cameras are not designed for measurement purposes. Their resolution, measured in degrees is 1-2’ and is one step behind photogrammetric cameras. The main purposes of photogrammetric processing of amateur digital photographs are determination of the elements of internal orientation and uncovering the deformation of the acquired images. Three different ways of determination the elements of internal orientation are analyzed. The theoretical aspects of the mathematical methods for un...

The current, accurate and complete geoinformation takes important place in the risk assessment and management. Different risks – natural, technological, terroristic and the extent of their importance are analyzed in the paper. The geoinformation sources and geoinformation users, collecting, training, maintenance and data integrating for risk places are shown. The main stages in the risks management and possible strategies for risk assessment and management using GIS are discussed.