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Georgia's positioning in the context of the European Union's foreign energy policy has become the subject of discussion in the context of the threats coming from the current Russia-Ukraine war. At the same time, determining the effectiveness of the country's energy policy is related to the seventh Sustainable Development Goal - affordable and safe energy. In 2016, Georgia signed the protocol of joining the Energy Community, which determines the conditions for the introduction of EU energy legislation in Georgia in...

The circular economy is targeted to increase the efficiency of resource use through prevention of waste and pollution; preservation of products and materials in circulation as long as possible and maintenance of natural capital. Therefore, the research authors aim to study the management of household waste and resources in Latvia in the context of other EU Member States in order to achieve circular economy targets. The study employs the monographic method, statistical data analysis and the correlation analysis to ...

Climate change significantly affects agriculture in Slovakia by altering precipitation patterns, temperatures, and the length of the growing season. Common effects include drought, more intense rainfall, higher summer temperatures, and increased pest populations, all of which influence crop production and livestock breeding. Human activities have already impacted atmospheric properties such as temperature, precipitation, CO2 levels, and ground-level ozone, and this trend is expected to continue. While warmer clima...

The excess demand for natural River sand (NRS) as a construction material is increasing day by day. As a result of demand, there are server environmental impacts such as lowing the water table, damaging the flora and fauna etc. This study is to focus to prevent the environmental impact by developing artificial sand as a replacement for natural river sand (NRS). Development of artificial sand by mixing high volume fly ash, cement, natural river sand, and locally purchased high solid content polycarboxylate ether-ba...

In this research, we studied wines from eleven wine regions of Romania (Stefanesti, Dragasani, Dealul Mare, Minis, Blaj, Babadag, Focsani, Tarnave, Silagiu, Iasi, Cotnari), but also for two years of different production (2019 and 2021), to observe their chemometric profile according to the geographical origin. The chemical composition was determined for 40 white wines and 34 red wines. The studied chemical parameters were alcohol concentration, wine density, total acidity, free and total sulfur dioxide, non-reduci...

Construction is a branch of the economy that occupies a leading place in waste production. The problem is both the demolition of buildings ending their activity and the construction process itself. During the demolition process, waste is segregated, and most often concrete and brick rubble is recycled. In addition, wooden and wood-based elements, metal and glass are most often recycled. However, there is still a large amount of mixed waste, which often contains hazardous waste. It is necessary to store them safely...

Nanomechanical systems necessitate components with unparalleled precision and minimal frictional resistance to achieve optimal performance. Nanobearings represent a critical class of components that facilitate rotational or linear motion at the nanoscale. This paper presents a comprehensive classification of nanobearings, encompassing their structural attributes, materials employed, and operational mechanisms. Additionally, it provides a detailed mathematical formulation that describes the static and dynamic behav...

The Danube has been a traditional trade route in Europe since ancient times. Transport on the Danube has many economic and environmental advantages. By using the river as a transport route, logistics costs can be reduced, and delivery times optimized. Another feature of the Danube is its connection to the North Sea and maritime transport via the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal. In addition, waterborne transport produces less carbon dioxide than road or rail transport, helping to reduce environmental impact and promote sus...

Climate change requires significant measures to adapt existing cities to new requirements; extensive urban renewal actions are therefore necessary. In order to be financially sustainable, such investments are mainly based on real estate and market operations, also at long term. The current valuation practice would require to resort to appraisal methods based on actual, historical market data, also known as Revealed Preference Methods (RPMs), which allow to derive the preferences expressed by the actions of market....

The negative results of irrational human activity have been visible throughout the last decades in the environment. Air, water, and land pollution are significant variables of this equation and have a major share in climate change. To obtain control of the situation, Europe tried to take action by presenting new environmentally friendly plans, such as -The Green Deal Industrial Plan- or -Recovery Plan for Europe-. One of the greatest aims of our century is the transition to a Circular Economy and the abandonment o...

Nanotechnology is increasingly becoming a part of everyday life. Despite this growing integration, public awareness of nanotechnology's functionality, benefits, and potential risks remains limited. This is particularly true for Generation Z, the first digitally native generation, which is expected to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of technology and its applications. Given their position as future leaders and consumers, it is important to understand how Generation Z, specifically university students, per...

The article analyzes the main problems associated with the import of fuel and energy resources to the Arctic regions of Yakutia. The article considers existing multi-link schemes of fuel delivery to the final consumer, the main disadvantages of which are significant transportation time and a large share of logistics costs as well as environmental impact on northern rivers (Lena, Kolyma, Indigirka). High transport costs are shown to increase cost per ton of fuel and energy resources by 3-5 times. The paper shows th...

The coastal beach-dune systems along the Bulgarian coast are of significant ecological import, necessitating rigorous monitoring and management. Oversight and dune management inaccuracies have been recurrently identified, particularly within the Bulgarian Black Sea coast cadastral registers. This research highlights discrepancies in depositional areas, such as Asparuhovo-Varna, Byala, Burgas-South, and Poda beach-dune systems. The coastal dunes within these regions have been systematically documented through detai...

The present research explores the integration of a photovoltaic system for an educational building through a comparative analysis using the PVsyst and Simulink platforms. The building, intended for university education, is located in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Considering the building-s location and specific climate, the feasibility of installing a photovoltaic system was analyzed with the aim of reducing electricity consumption from the electrical grid. The study began with a PVsyst simulation, which indicated that a ...

In our study, we used the measurement of water potential using a pressure chamber, and we compared the collected data with the data from the Nove Zamky meteorological station for the period 21.6.2023 - 22.8.2023. The aim of the work was to compare the data collected using water potential measurements from two locations in the Nove Zamky area with the corresponding meteorological data collected from the meteorological station also located in Nove Zamky. After data collection, we then determined whether the technolo...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of several extraction methods on the content of bioactive compounds of polyphenolic structure and antioxidant properties of petals from marigold flowers (Calendula officinalis). Ethanolic extracts prepared using maceration, turbo-extraction and bead-beating techniques were investigated for total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins, and antioxidant activities as measured by FRAP and DPPH assays, as well. The results showed that the highest phenolic content (1316.367...

Hydraulic conductivity (KS) is a critical parameter used in soil and land research, essential for accurate hydrological modelling. This study endeavours to compare assessments of KS across designated sites near the Czech Republic - Poland border using a range of measurement techniques, with the aim of establishing their reliability and variability for modelling applications. The investigation spans the determination of permeability from grain size curves, KS estimation via field infiltration tests employing the do...

Between September 13th and 16th, 2024, heavy rainfall led to widespread flooding across the municipalities in the Senica district, as well as significant soil erosion on intensively farmed arable land. According to data from the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMU), the Senica district received a total of 230 millimeters of precipitation during this period. In the village of Smolinske, located in the lowlands of Zahorie in western Slovakia, experienced substantial flooding of agricultural areas, leading to ...

This study presents a theoretical and experimental investigation of three distinct surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor configurations, evaluating their sensitivity and practical applications. The first configuration utilizes a commercially available SPR sensor, employing a coupling prism integrated with a thin gold layer in the well-established Kretschmann-Raether configuration for SPR excitation. The second configuration features an advanced design, incorporating a coupling prism combined with an optical multi...

In climate change, drought, and water scarcity, the natural functioning of river systems largely depends on the proper distribution of water resources. Accurate determination of hydrological characteristics is essential for the sustainable management of water resources and provides information on the status and potential of water systems. Water management must be implemented in such a way as to meet the needs of man and the economy. At the same time, measures are taken to protect the quantitative characteristics o...

The recent advances in current status and major mechanisms of water quality worsening, assessment of evaluation criteria and the influencing factors were reviewed. The changes in the atmosphere, the periodicity of the occurrence of extreme hydrological situations has been increasing in recent years. In the natural conditions of Slovakia, periods without rain are lengthening and the incidence of precipitation of extreme intensity and abundance is increasing. Hydrological extremes are generally manifested in the for...

In the face of an ever-evolving environment, a crucial challenge emerges concerning the dynamic interplay between the sea and the land. Amidst these complexities, a fundamental question arises: should human intervention seek to reshape the natural processes, or should it primarily focus on comprehensive understanding, aiming to maintain a semblance of equilibrium? These intricacies, along with several important technical considerations, underscore the imperative to safeguard coastal regions against the escalating ...

Safety protection against detonation due to accidental initiation of stored fireworks is of particular interest for safety because such detonations endanger the life and health of workers as a result of the uncontrollable effects of deflagration and pressure, the presence of toxic reaction products and the consumption of oxygen in ambient air which workers must breathe. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that material losses caused by explosions can be particularly high. The existence of the danger of ac...

The article investigates the influence of Kazakhstan-s law enforcement agencies on local communities in the 1920s and 1930s within the context of state-driven confiscation policies and sustainable resource management, demonstrating how these agencies emerged as powerful instruments for implementing governmental directives. This era is marked by extensive political repression and profound social transformations, which enforced the forced expropriation of lands, resources, and means of production. Such interventions...

The River Chorokhi delta is located in the southeastern part of the Black Sea, including Batumi city with its coastal part, which today is heavily washed away. Until the 90s of the 20th century, its litho- and morphodynamic peculiarities were mainly conditioned by the solid runoff of the Chorokhi River. Before the construction of dams in Turkey, its volume was 2.5 million m?/per year. In the last 25 years, due to the dams built in Turkey, solid runoff has been catastrophically reduced by 60 times. Also important w...

The modern monitoring and control systems that are currently used in most fields are based on intelligent algorithms, distributed management systems, and a new generation of communication buses. For the monitoring and control of the processes inside a greenhouse, the use of sophisticated algorithms or complex devices is not required. However, to make the activity more efficient and increase the production of a greenhouse, a proposed solution is to use data management and control system such as PLC and HMI devices,...

The overall objective of using Normalized Digital Vegetation Index - NDVI is to improve the analysis of vegetation information with remote sensing data. Such estimates are often derived by correlating the NDVI values measured remotely with the ground measured values of some variables. In the conditions of the experiment carried out with zucchini the NDVI index was measured with a Trimble Green Seeker handheld sensor at the full growth. Applied fertilizers contain various nitrogen and phosphorus sources, including ...

In this paper, the magnesium alloy NZ30K alloyed with 0.1 wt. % Ag and clad with a 900 nm thick silver layer. It has been found that in the Ringer-Locke solution, the cylindrical sample underwent contact corrosion over the entire surface and crevice corrosion at the transition from the cylindrical to the flat part, which caused the coating delamination from the alloy under the mechanical action of hydrogen "bubbles" formed at the cathodic areas and corrosion products in the crevice, which have a higher specific vo...

The control institutions of each country are the leading organizations that deal directly with citizens and businesses. These institutions are strongly affected by the digitization of processes and the introduction of new technologies. All these innovations are aimed at improving the quality of implementation of control activities on the one hand, and on the other hand at supporting the interaction of control institutions and citizens, respectively legal entities. The article examines the problems regarding the ap...

The deep-sea metalliferous sediments and Fe-Mn polymetallic nodules formed in modern environment at the deep-sea ocean floor (> 4000 m depth) were evaluated as promising new raw materials, especially for critical elements as Li, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and rare earth elements (REE). We use - selective sequential leaching procedure to study the distribution of main and trace elements in sequential leached phases from deep-sea polymetallic nodules and sediments from the eastern part of the Clarion-Clipperton fractures zone,...

Nowadays, sustainability has become the core concept affecting the public perception of economic development and natural resource management all over the world. Although intensification of agricultural practices is typically viewed as a way to achieving and retaining food independence at national and supra-national levels, there are concerns about its potential negative impact on biological diversity, natural habitats, healthy ecosystem and resilience to climate change. As a result, intensive farming might be rega...

As a result of increasing water consumption by pharmaceutical industries, hospitals, and the population, large volumes of liquids discharges containing pharmaceutical compounds have been generated worldwide. Even though there is a consistent contribution on the sustainable management of these contaminants, the efforts to reduce this pollution are progressing on a rather small scale. Such pollutants can be introduced into water-receiving bodies either directly, through animal and human excretions, or through unregu...

Understanding the nature and role of customer relationship management (hereinafter CRM) is an important prerequisite for business success. A customer requires the company to adhere to certain quality standards as well as affects the performance and management of the company. Customer relationships could be managed and developed to attract new customers and increase business profitability and customer loyalty. The customer is the most valuable asset of a company that helps to achieve goals set by the company. In La...

The purpose of this article is to explore the role of cycling tourism in promoting sustainable urban mobility and environmentally friendly tourism practices, with a focus on the Czech Republic. The study investigates the motivations, behaviors, and preferences of cycling tourists, particularly in the post-COVID-19 context. Findings reveal that relaxation and exploring new destinations are primary motivations for cyclists, who favor dedicated cycling paths over mixed road traffic. Generation Z tends to use bicycles...

Brown Coal Research Institute j. v. c. (VUHU) from July 2023, together with scientific teams from several European countries, participates as part of the EU research program in the solution of the REECOL project, which deals with the reclamation of areas affected by mining in European coal basins. This paper includes the results achieved in the preparation of the first sub-research report of the project, which deals with degraded soils. On the basis of archival data and own research, the concept of "soil degradati...

Consequences of climate change have social, economic and environmental effects. Changes in weather patterns directly impact to transport infrastructures, which play a strategic role in emergency management. Calamitous events as consequence of weather and climatic processes raise the need to foresee adaptation measures to climate change, which is already in place. Although there is a large literature on the effects of climate change, individual and collective responses and behaviours are unclear to such changes. In...

Maritime transport plays a crucial role in the global economy, ensuring the transport of around 80% of world trade. However, shipping is responsible for a significant portion of greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for approximately 2.5% of total global emissions. In this context, the efficiency of fuel consumption in ships using the renewable energy sources can bring significant benefits for the environment and contributes to the achievement of the objectives of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The opportunity ...

The challenges raised by climate changes are diverse and unpredictable to the extent that makes them hard to manage after the onset. Under such conditions the trends assessment is a valuable approach, which enables efficient preparation to the expected effects and impacts. The process of adaptation provides possibility to reduce possible losses and create background for some benefits from changing climate. A variety of solutions and strategies for adapting urban areas to climate changes is already available for an...

A geoeducational tools are innovative solutions used to popularize knowledge in the field of Earth Sciences and the promotion of geotourism. These methods enhance the appreciation of geodiversity, raising awareness about cognitive and aesthetic values. By adopting this approach, there is a commitment to geoheritage protection for future generations. The efficacy of geoeducational instruments relates on a knowledge of geological processes and their outcomes, coupled with adept geointerpretation. During the geointer...

Agate-like soil cover structures (ASCS) of leached chernozems are common in some regions of Russia with a total area of 425 242 km2 (the republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, Orenburg, Samara, and Ulyanovsk regions). The term -agate-like structures- was proposed due to the fact that on remote sensing data they resemble a section of the Timan agate. The structures are formed on loamy and clayey Quaternary sediments with a thickness of 0.5-5 m, overlying Permian sediments (bedrock). It is possible to identify th...

The main focus of the research is to investigate the application and effectiveness of gravimetry in cave detection, as well as in the determination the depth parameters of already localized subsurface voids. For this purpose, combined gravimetric and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) measurements were used. Establishing the location of missing anomalous masses in the earth layers has always been of great interest to geologists, geomorphologists and speleologists. Over the years, geophysical methods, espec...

Accidental explosions and fires caused by combustible dust are some of the most significant threats in many industries where layers of combustible dust and clouds are formed as a result of technological processes. Combustible powders react with air oxygen in a process known as oxidation, which produces carbon dioxide, carbon oxide, water, and other gases whose contents depend on the temperature at which the oxidation occurs. The dust cloud is the main form of existence of combustible dust in the production area an...

The explosive atmosphere may be caused by flammable gases, vapors, or combustible dust. In the event that the material is combined with air in an adequate proportion, an ignition source is required to produce an explosion. Fuels and other liquids, as well as solvents from industrial items, release volatile vapors that can catch fire or explode when they come into contact with the air. At normal temperatures, flammable liquids can emit enough vapor to form combustible mixtures with air, heat, and often thick, black...

Nowadays The storage of pig slurry has been an unsolved problem for a long time in Hungary, therefore the appropriate processing technology is a very important question in order we can produce from the pig fattening and slaughtering by-products the best possible quality of final product. The determined goals of the product development can be achieved in two ways. The first possible method for it preserving the nutrients in the slurry and the another way adding fertilizers or other valuable materials, that improve ...

The paper presents the results of determining waterlogging zones and their factors using non-destructive monitoring methods on the territory of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra Metropolitan's Garden. The research was carried out using the methods of electrotomography, natural electric field with the use of subsurface sounding radars. The results of electrotomography were interpreted using two- and three-dimensional models. The territory of the Upper Lavra Metropolitan-s Garden is a combination of complex engineering and ge...

Globally, natural hazards (e.g., forest fires, floods, earthquakes) are expected to become more frequent and severe due to climate change, unplanned urbanization, and population growth in areas prone to extreme events. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the most suitable locations for flood shelters using multi-criteria spatial analysis using GIS tools. GIS tools facilitate the effective preparation, processing, and visualization of spatial data. By using GIS, it is possible to integrate various data sources, ...

In the present study a set of two deterministic earthquake scenarios (expressed in peak ground acceleration and macroseismic intensity MSK) are generated for the city of Sofia - the capital of Bulgaria. The study is guided by the perception that usable and realistic, based on both local seismic history and tectonic setting, ground motion maps to be produced for urban area. The city is situated in the center of the Sofia area that is the most populated (the population is of more than 1.2 mil. inhabitants), industri...

In the case of dangerous incidents produced in industrial technological processes, where hydrogen is used, their mastery requires, in addition to a personnel servicing the facilities properly trained for such situations, the participation of professional staff for interventions in dangerous environments. The activity of intervention and rescue in special conditions, in potentially explosive areas due to the appearance of hydrogen can be carried out exclusively by specialized personnel trained and authorized in thi...

The development of efficient drilling tools tailored to the unique geological conditions of Kazakhstan's drilling sites is paramount for optimizing well construction operations. This study focuses on the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a combined spud bit specifically engineered for drilling technological wells in Kazakhstan. The combined spud bit integrates both polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) and carbide cutters within a single robust structure to enhance drilling performance across a diverse range ...

Within the current framework of approaching different directions of carbon emissions reduction policy, wood fits as an environmentally friendly building material with low production in terms of energy consumption. In this manner, timber combines its qualities such as high strength/weight ratio and rigidity/weight, low specific gravity, recovery/recycling that make it competitive with classic building materials with the demands of climate change green deal. One specific attention has to be given to the design and e...