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In this research, it is aimed to determine which individual and environmental characteristics affecting training. Instead of both types of evaluation models, to be proactive, the evaluation of training mentioned in this research is focused on how training affects individuals. To this end, in this thesis the factors affecting to the training effectiveness were examined in regard of trainee perspectives. According to the research results, it is revealed that mostly related to the training effectiveness are respectiv...

Recent data demonstrate a significant capacity of mushrooms to retain the pollutants from soil, so being realised the mycoremediation of soil. Nitrogen oxides are major atmospheric pollutants. The main oxides, nitrogen monoxide and dioxide, penetrated in human body cause important toxic effects: methaemoglobinemia, haemolysis, vasodilatation and even cancerogenesis. The accumulation of these oxides in mushrooms, as nitrites and nitrates, is dependent on: species, environmental conditions and chemical composition o...

Modern technology in the production of geodetic instruments and accessories needed for measuring basic quantities (distance and angle) has reached high level. In the filed of geometric levelling, colour layers are put on invar tapes very precisely with measuring uncertainty of 10–50 $\mu$m. These tapes present working scale on invar levelling staves. Using modern precise level (optical of digital) one can read the smallest detail on invar levelling staff with measuring uncertainty of 0.01 mm. Hence, it is obviou...

The separated waste collection is one of the most important parts of the integrated waste management system of municipal wastes. Within the waste management logistics, the attention is concentrated on collection and transport of separated waste deriving from municipal wastes and also on proposing methods of data necessary for collection and transport optimalization. At the proposal of the general usage systematic techniques for valuating transport efficiency of separated wastes, only actual and verified data were ...

Since long term production scheduling deals with movement of ore and waste during the life of a mine, it has a significant effect on the cash flow of a mining operation. Therefore, mine planners often seek to optimize the production schedule with respect to a given criterion. The most commonly used criterion in long term scheduling optimization is to maximize net present value (NPV). The process involves sequencing of ore blocks or parcels to be mined in each period over the life of the mine subject to precedence ...

In the detailed exploration and reserve estimation, with separating the alteration (as the controller of the grade) in ore reserve and estimating the reserve in each alteration, the estimation variance will decrease and the accuracy of the estimation will increase. In the other hand without any additional drilling, it is also possible to decrease the estimation variance by lowering the sill of variograms. In this method, we have categorized the data into different lithologies and different alterations such as skar...

Mainly high-K, calc-alkaline, Late Miocene to Pliocene volcanic rocks cropped out of Konya area in Central Anatolia, Turkey. The volcanic rocks are predominantly andesitic to dacitic in composition and rarely basalt, basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite and pyroclastics. Mineralogic compositions, major, trace and REE element composition of the investigated rock samples was analyzed. Kaolinite, illite, Ca-montmorillonite, alunite, jarosite, minamiite and silica polymorphs were formed by widespread and intense...

The purpose of this article is to present methods and software tools to ensure an optimal decision process for controlling the greenhouse climate. The efficiency of plant production in greenhouses depends significantly on the adjustment of optimal climate growth conditions to achieve high yield at low expense, good quality and low environmental load. To achieve these goals several components (temperature, air humidity and CO2 concentration) must be controlled optimally given certain criteria through heating, venti...

One of the most difficult challenges is to produce intelligent, actionable information on operational performance, resources, and reserves when the supporting data is scattered across the mine operation or even geographically dispersed. The problem is that traditional approaches to using data in the mining industry is not capable of delivering the right information to the right people, at the right time, and in the form they need. A number of external forces, however, are exerting pressure on mining companies toda...

The noise is an essential ecological problem for ventilation shafts. For the time being, mine administrations have reacted to the complaints of the population with palliative measures. These measures usually included a noise barrier (timber-metal structure) positioned in front of the ventilator or air vent. A radical structural intervention taking into account all components of the ventilation block is necessary for the solution of the problem. The structural solution should meet a number of criteria for adequate ...

The Estonian kukersite is the largest oil shale resource in the world used industrially today. The majority of mined oil shale is utilized for electricity and heat production. About 20\% of all of the oil shale extracted annually is used for retorting shale-oil and shale-gas, after which large amount of environmentally hazardous solid retort residue – semi-coke is left over. Production of 1 tonne of shale-oil is accompanied by almost 3 tonnes of semi-coke waste. During more than 80 years of operation over 110 mi...

Upper Paleozoic aged metamorphic rocks, which consist of micaschist, phyllite, metasandstone, marbles, meta dolomitic limestones were located at the basement. Upper Cretaceous ultrabasics have been overturned upon the Paleozoic metamorphic rocks. The Late Upper Cretaceous plutonic rocks are unconformably overlain by the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene volcanics, volcanism composed mainly tuffs and minor amount of volcanic breccia, agglomerate, trachyte and trachyandesitic lava flows and lacustrine volcano-sedimentary ...

Continually and impressive amplification of internet technologies development and implementation enables the creation of productive, efficient, rich useful and interactive web applications. The contribution briefly characterizes a SOA (Service Oriented Architecture), WS (Web Service) and AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript And XML). The paper illustrates advantages of AJAX and WS integration on application example for interactive selection of one or more minerals according to actual chosen selection criteria. The applic...

Nowadays the importance of brown coal as a raw material is caused by growing needs of power in the Czech Republic. It namely concerns the only major domestic fossil raw material without which our country would become fully depended on the import of energy resources. Over 70\% brown coal reserves have been exploited in the North- Bohemian Basin today. Opencast mining of brown coal naturally led to vast landscape damages. Therefore reclamation work has acquired great significance. Brown coal is mined in four general...

The comparison of different types of line and boundary detectors is made. The appropriate modifications of procedures for processing of grey level or binary images are analysed. The accuracy and quality of contours generated from images with different resolution are estimated. Different procedures for line following and contour interpolation for structural description of vector information obtained from digital images are compared. The properties of these procedures are encountered and the criteria for choice of t...

The aim of this study is to elucidate the neotectonic characteristics of the \cCavuЕџcug\"ol graben. The Cavuscugol graben is 3-8 km wide 28 km long. It is a N-S trending actively evolving extensional structure containing infills of fluvial sediments of Pliocene- Quaternary age. The Cavuscugol graben is bounded on both sides by oblique-slip normal faults. These faults trend N-S and named as IlgД±n Fault on the west and Tekeler Fault on the east. The footwall side of the faults are composed of the pre-Late Cretaceo...

NAVITEQ establishes the first nationwide GNSS network in Bulgaria. It is a private project that offers an inexpensive way of precise positioning by transmitting correction data. The main purpose is to provide services to GNSS users that need centimeter and sub-centimeter accuracy. NAVITEQ provides three types of services called Naviteq Post Processing, Naviteq VRS and Naviteq PreciseRTK. There is another service in real time mode that is under development. The NAVITEQ reference stations positions are determined in...

Over the last couple of decades, climate change has emerged to be one of the most complex challenges of the 21st century. As a result of the international cooperation achieved over the years, a global climate change regime has been established governed by climate politics. Over the last 50 years, the impacts of climate change have reached measurable dimensions. The fact that the average temperature of the earth’s surface that is closer to the atmosphere has risen by 0.6 degrees C over the 20th century as well as...

Performing a numerical analysis of water well drilling sector of Turkey was aimed in this study. Within this purpose, number of the machinery in equipment pool of the institutions and companies which are involved in the water well drilling, yearly drilling quantities, drilling equipment preferences and geological data of 2640 water well drilling boreholes opened in 73 provinces between the years of 1998 – 2006 and the results below have been reached: The Municipalities in Turkey meet 95 \% of their drinking wate...

Stress intensity factor is the one of most important parameters in rock fracture mechanics. In practice, this factor is commonly calculated by various numerical techniques such as finite element and boundary element methods. These methods encounter mesh-related difficulties in dealing with fracture mechanics problems. In this paper the Element Free Galerkin method based on the linear elastic fracture mechanics was used to determine tension-mode stress intensity factor in jointed rock medium using stress extrapolat...

Total variation (TV) minimization represents an example of a class of recently introduced image processing techniques that use partial differential equations. Total variation has been shown to be very successful in many image processing applications. The reason for using TV is that it has been shown to suppress noise effectively while capturing sharp edges. The aim of the study is to present some numerical results for the image reconstruction process by using a computational algorithm which incorporates the TV reg...

Stara Zagora is one of the biggest towns in Bulgaria located in the middle of the country. In the summer of 2004 two very high level SO2 pollution events happened there, leading to serious discontent among the population. Analogous events happened in 2005, too. An attempt for numerical study of one of these episodes – from 8 to 11 of July 2005 is the subject of the present paper. The Models-3 system was applied for simulation and analysis of the episode with a sequential downscaling to a horizontal resolution of...

Underground exploitation of coal deposits in KarvinР° region results in movements and deformations on the surface where a subsidence depression starts to create. The extraction activity under non-trivial geological and geo-mechanical conditions may cause unexpected time-spatial surface changes and different shape and range of creating subsidence depression. To observe the surface changes caused by underground mining in such area we decided to build up an observation station of points that are repeatedly surveyed b...

Approximately 110x106 m3 of oil (100x106 tons) had been recovered from 38 fields in the Croatian part of the Pannonian basin during more than 60 years of exploitation (1941-2003). Based on their cumulative production, number of reservoirs, average porosity and permeability, obtained recovery and depositional characteristics of reservoir rocks, the Croatian hydrocarbon fields may be divided into three groups (oil), or four groups (gas) (Table 1, 2). In the period 1941-1990 the production started in 38 fields, 13 of...

This study aims to ensure the offshore pipeline under offshore vortex shedding analysis. Optimizations process depending on the iterative procedures requires an analysis considering each of extreme condition on the internal and external pipe flow. The stabilization of the offshore pipeline on sea bottom exposed to wind-generated wave and uniform-steady current action is achieved by utilized artificial concrete weights and sliding resistance between pipe and soil. Additionally, the vortex shedding induced dynamical...

The oil and gas perspectives of the Triassic rocks in the Central South Moesian Platform Margin are evaluated on the basis of a complex geological analysis. The geodynamic evolution of the region during Triassic was dominated by failed rifting phases, followed by Early Cimmerian orogeny. These events have predestined tectonic processes and sedimentation settings, leading to deposition of source rocks, reservoirs, permeable migration pathways and seals. The initial extensional stages and then compression at the end...

Analytical model of the stress-deformed state of the rock mass in production mining is proposed. In comparison with conventional ones, the model takes into account the depth of coal extraction, thickness seam and the existence of the total zone of mining subsidence displacement. As is shown by calculations, effect of said factors results in complete reconsideration of the stress-strain state pattern of the rock mass and may serve as the basis for the development of mining subsidence displacement theory.

Some studies of the MM5/CMAQ modeling system sensitivity to changes of the emissions of ozone precursors are presented in the paper. Tree domains were set over Europe with resolution 90-30-10 km. The most inner domain embraces entirely Romania, Bulgaria and Greece. MM5 was run over these domains for June 2000 with NCEP 1x1 degree Global Analysis data. MM5 was run on the external grids in a “two-way nesting” and over the finer grid in a “one-way nesting” mode. EMEP inventory grid data and its 16.67 km deseg...

Specific attention has been paid to methods of amelioration for exploration and increasing the efficiency due to importance of dimensional stones industry and its expanding position in non-petroleum export in Iran. Connected scientific management in this industry is essential for the growth of quality efficiency. In this study, one of the several points of view that should be entered in connected scientific management of quarry mines exploration is analyze. It is obvious that deep and lateral expansion of ruptures...

The Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic KД±zД±loren formation outcroping around the KД±zД±loren mountain, 40 km to the west of Konya begin with dolomite at the base and, grades upward into calcitic dolomite, dolomitic limestone and limeston,. Dolomites are two types; mimetic and non-mimetic. In mimetic dolomit, pellet fossils, ooid and intraclast were poartially or totaly preserved. In non-mimetic dolomite, the depositional texture were totaly destroyed. It is composed of euhedral, hemihedral, dirty-brownish coloured, n...

Defining the mineral potential of the sea floor could be handled by different methods, but the prerequisites for each methods is to clear the conditions of precipitation environment such as physico – chemical conditions and also it depends on the type of precipitant. The appearance of any mineral in the sea floor strongly depends on the aqueous environment and the physical prosperities of the mineral. In this article, first of all, I considered the physiographic regions of the sea floor in entire the world, an a...

Our investigation regard the distribution of pollutant in the soils degraded by mine activity in the circuit soil-macromycetes. Pollutants categories have been evidenced using FT-IR spectroscopy. Our results underline the macromycetes species extremely flexible capacity to accumulate pollutants of various categories. The distribution of the pollutants in the soil varies from one region to another and depends on the prelevation depth.

The special geographical situation of Isfahan and its location in a depression as well as gathering pollutants in the air has turned Isfahan to one of the most polluted cities in Iran. In winter, Isfahan has the most pollutants in the air. In summer and autumn, it has a high level of pollutants. But in spring, the city has healthy air. The synoptic study of the air indicates that there is a high pressure center in Isfahan which is the result of the strengthening and spread of Siberia high pressure center and the s...

In the last few years has begun the development of dynamic web applications, often called Web2.0. From this development was created a technology of composite web application also called Mashups. Composite web applications may easily combine huge amounts of data sources and functionalities of existing as well as future web applications and services. Therefore, they are used to develop a new device, which offers new possibilities in information usage. Great advantage of this technology is lowering the cost for the s...

Smelting of hammerable iron and its treatment in Antiquity and Medieval produced also by-product: slag. Because of small yields of iron the process produced only small amounts of slag that did not attract attention of smelter concerning its possible use. The use of slag pieces was only accidental. The paper deals with the most important processes used for treatment of blast furnace and steelmaking slags and with the most important ways of their utilization. The method of recycling of steelmaking slags, that follow...

Rocks deep below the surface store heat and for every 100 m in depth the temperature increases by approximately 3oC. When the mines were closed, the mine galleries flooded. The heat of the rocks warms water, which is used as input to heat pumps for heating and cooling of buildings. The Remining-Lowex Project aims to demonstrate the use of water in abandoned coalmines as a source of renewable energy and to prove its economic viability. This new approach for utilization of sustainable energy from worked out coalmine...

The process of rock massif separation with the method of rotary drilling is a dominant process in geotechnology and in subterranean raw material mining. The type of drilling tool used and the mode of drilling with given properties of the rock are crucial in the determination of energy efficiency of this process. The research is directed toward classification of rocks into classes (pattern classification) according to geomechanical properties and the determination of efficient mode of drilling for individual define...

This report are containing results of the analyses about quality estimation of water at the 35 hydrological and hydro-geological nature monuments of the republic of Tatarstan, which was been investigated analytical methods. This is objects of hydrosphere, are having more ecology-pure water in comparison with other analogs in that region which is known as region having intensively developed structure of an oil-extracting complex. In this region are difficulty to execute the long-term forecast of dynamics of change ...

The most of the mineral raw materials mined out in the Slovak Republic need specific modifications, which are enabling for the next exploitations of raw materials in the other industries. This article provides description of the quartz sand, that are able to use as foundry or glass sand after proper modification. Of course, the sand is needed modify by the proper method, which could allow their use in melting, glass and in the other industry. In this article is provided short report of the most often exploited mod...

Heavy metal contamination of soils possess a serious health threat and has become one of the major constraining factors in remediating a wide range of contaminated sites. Soil contains various components such as clay, kaolin, feldspar, quartz, etc. Soil composition (type of soil), soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), particle size, time and type of contamination, geological layout, etc. all play a major role in establishing the effectivenes of biosurfactant. In this study, the effects of saponin concentration,...

With the 100 M tons of coal produced per year Poland is the biggest European producer of hard coal. Around 85\% of the produced coal is used for direct energy production, almost whole rest is used for indirect energy production (though processes of coal coking). The side effect of coal production is large quantity of waste. Majority of them is recycled during production process but still large fraction is usually dumped. The large quantities of valuable materials are stored in mining dumps. In recent years reclama...

The contemporary construction on the territory of Sofia requires more and more responsible execution of the geological researches. The drilling of deep construction pits, as well as the construction of high-rise buildings (with more than 100 m height), are connected with serious problems, especially in the anti earthquake security insurance. One of the important questions which were raised in the construction of Metrostation 7 in the Sofia’s centre, as well as in the designing of Europa Center, having 180 m offi...

The increasing number of recent researches indicates that emotional intelligence is more important than IQ in many fields. In literature, many quantitative findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between academic achievement and emotional intelligence skills. In other words, analysis indicates that emotional intelligence skills can serve as a indicator of academic achievement and effective learning. The main focus of this research is to discuss the relationship between emotional intelligence ski...

The opportunities for integration of synchrotron radiation (SR) techniques in the Earth and Environmental sciences research together with Remote Access Services (RAS) and integrated Grid-based data processing tools are described. The successful implementation of the SR methods with Grid technology will provide new opportunities to the global science community. The possibility to perform precise measurements at different synchrotron beamlines through grid-embedded remote access instrumentation protocols based on hi...

The abandoned mining area Smoln\'\ik in Slovakia belongs to the old environmental loads because of acid mine drainage (AMD) production. Massive pyrite oxidation and free sulphuric acid production are the major reason of water acidification (pH about 2-4) and dissolving of heavy metals from metallic ores. This acid mine drainage (AMD) contents high metal concentrations that variable in dependence on rainfall intensity (e.g. Fe 500- 400 mg/l; Cu 3-1 mg/l; Zn 13-8 mg/l and Al 110-70 mg/l) and it can be transferred in...

In this study, removal zinc from aqueous solution was studied using smectite-bearing soil. The effects of initial Zn(II) concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time were investigated. When the initial concentration of Zn(II) was incresed from 0.7 to 3.77 mM, the Zn(II) removal efficiency decreased from 100\% to 90.7\%. To determine the effect of pH on the adsorption efficiency of Zn(II), pH was varied between 3.0 and 7.0. The sorption efficiency of Zn(II) onto soil seems to be independent of pH with in s...

The new 7-[2-hydroxi-3-(4-acethyl-amino)-phenoxy-propyl]-8-R-1,3-dimethyl-xanthine derivatives have been synthesized in order to increase the pharmacological properties of theophylline. A QSAR study on pharmacological properties of some new xanthine compounds have been realized to establish the most favorable structural modifications for increase the action selectivity on cardiovascular system. Favorable influence of the $\beta$-blocking sequence in 7 position of the xanthine ring has been established.

Rockfalls are natural process of cliff and hillside erosion, can be simulated by the computer programs. They consist of large rock fragments from a cliff, or boulders from a slope that bounce, roll, and slide down a hillside and come to rest in a “runout” zone at or near its base. Rockfalls are a major hazard in rock cuts for highways and railways, and in mountainous terrain. Rockfalls are generally initiated by some climatic or biological event that causes a change in the forces acting on a rock. These events...

The introduction of positive-displacement steerable motors in directional drilling practice offers better directional control in comparison with earlier used directional drilling systems and makes directional drilling widely accepted technology. But some disadvantages of the technology as drilling the curved parts of the wellbores in sliding mode and hole cleaning connected problems, demand further development of directional drilling systems. That results in rotary steerable systems development introduced in the p...

The results of investigations in physical – chemical, bacteriological and thermodynamic characteristics of drinking water of wells, taken from some village in some primary school of Vushtrri Municipality are presented. Taking into consideration all important parameters we found they were within given limits , just temperature that is higher than given limits, so analysis of water samples for thermo tolerant faecal coli forms which are carried out by passing a measured quantity of water through sterile filter tol...