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The EUпїЅs concentration limit for discharge from wastewater treatment plants is 1 or 2 mg P/dm3 for total phosphorus, signifying a P removal of 80% or more, in order to protect the environment, in sensitive areas which are subject to eutrophication. A membrane bioreactor (MBR) can bused for wastewater treatment, transforming it into reusable water when a tertiary treatment such as nanofiltration (NF) is applied. This step produces a concentrated waste stream. Membrane bioreactors (MBR) permeates are a potentially...

With clastic sedimentary rocks associated deposits of ore, oil-and-gas, coal and non-metallic minerals. They are located in a variety of different age strata structural-tectonic stages. Sedimentary rocks composing these fields are often framework rocks or minerals themselves are economic minerals. Depending on the age and affinity to specific structural and tectonic tier breeds are in various stages of the penecontemporaneous transformation. By the degree of transformation of organic matter in the clastic rocks ca...

The article presents the genesis of safety assessment of LNG tankers, along with safety criteria. The utilitarian need to carry out simulation research risk assessment in respect of a LNG carrier manoeuvring in restricted areas has been justified . As a standard vessel an oil tanker has been assumed meeting the authorisation requirements of the the selected LNG terminal. The shipпїЅs operational conditions have been identified and correlated with the manoeuvres in the terminalпїЅs area. The mathematical models of ...

The adsorption excretion of Hg, As, and Cu ions from aqueous solutions at 22пїЅ0.5пїЅC on zeolite (Sokirnitskoe deposit, Transcarpathia) and smectite clay (Kamalinskoye deposit, Krasnoyarsk region) were studied. The adsorption processes were studied in the static regime at pH?2. Parameters such as, the time of equilibrium establishment, the ratio "sorbent - solution" were selected experimentally. All samples were filtered through a 0.2 ?m membrane using syringes. The samples for Hg were selected strictly in teflon...

Experience shows that last year marked by economic sector tourism is the fastest growing because it provides more than 6% of global and 13% of consumer spending. The tourism industry relies on tourism's role in economic, psychological, social created. For many regions, countries, tourism is seen as a panacea for economic recovery and raising incomes of local communities, firms. In this context, an imbalance between profit / responsibility / environmental sensitivity, which can lead to an offensive of governments a...

One of the problems of Russian enterprises that independently control the oil pollution of circulating water and wastewater is the availability of appropriate analyzers. However, they should not burden the budget of an average enterprise. Two types of analyzers are considered in work: IR analyzers and fluorescent analyzers. The studies were carried out on standard samples. It is shown that for IR analyzers the deviation of the obtained results from the calculated value does not exceed 3% of the relative. The obtai...

This study aims to highlight the relations established between the vegetal organisms and the soil (the edaphic factor). Most terrestrial plants use the soil both as their support, where they can settle themselves, and to obtain the water and the mineral salts needed in the process sinthesizing the organic substance. The roots system has a characteristic shape, depending on the species, on the substratum and on the plantпїЅs dimensions. After having studied the specialized bibliography and after having completed th...

The abundance of invasive plant species in the riverbank vegetation negatively affects the integrity, structure and function of the natural ecosystems. Invasive plant species are stressors for plant communities and they change their species compositions. This leads to species deprivation and homogenised regional flora. The Czech legislation defines invasive organisms as harmful organisms that are allochthones for a locality, which having been introduced into the locality are able to negatively influence plants or ...

The development of oil deposits in the Republic of Tatarstan is entering a late stage. Deposits of natural bitumen of Cheremshano-Yamashinskaya structural zone, in particular, Ashalchinskoye, Mordovo-Karmalskoye and others, were studied. For their development requires the use of active methods пїЅ method of thermal (steam-thermal) impact. The use of method is limited by the stability conditions of its fluid seals. Fluid seals are the layers of пїЅlingul clayпїЅ пїЅ deposits of the Kazanian stage. They are represen...

The paper discusses current mineralization in the small closed lake Skalistoe, located in the territory of Olkhon region (western Baikal area), characterized by the semiarid climate. To analyze the mineral phases formed on unattached algal-bacterial formations (the atmosphere-water interface), submerged algae and macrophytes (water-bottom sediment), and bottom sediments, we used the methods of X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. It was found out that the minerals deposited during the...

Villages and rural settlements are an integral part of the Czech landscape. The colonization of the Czech lands has an ancient tradition but the role that the small municipalities play in the territory is very variable. This article aim is to describe the historical development of selected small towns. Each one is representing different production area in the South Bohemian region. Besides assessing their area, functional use of individual parts of the towns and the demographic composition, there will be also asse...

The main purpose of this article is to reveal the age of Alibonca Formation and Malatya Volcanites, their formational environment and the contact relationship between these two units. The units that cropped out in the study area are Keban Metamorphites (Permo-Trias), Alibonca Formation (Lower Miocene), Malatya Volcanites (Lower-Upper Miocene), Meteristepe formation (Lower Pleistocene), Yoncal? formation (Upper Pleistocene), talus and alluviums (Holocene-current). Alibonca Formation is composed of medium-thick bedd...

Changes in group chemical composition in the modification processes are not dependent just on physical and chemical characteristics of bitumen, but rather on structural features of raw material composition and its modification products. The investigation of bitumen is difficult due to formation of paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic group combinations. The result of modification is bitumen transformation, and this phenomenon is observed by quantitative change in structural fragment content. One of the most informa...

Based on the recent geological mapping campaign, 2D seismic profiles, well data and regional correlations, a structural framework of the western part of the Polish Outer Carpathians have been established. The proposed structural model differs from the ones that so far have been accepted in the literature. Our interpretation of available seismic data as well as regional outlook suggests that Cretaceous to Oligocene deposits of the Silesian Unit terminates abruptly to the south and does not continue beneath the Magu...

The solubility of gases in liquid is an important parameter required for the interpretation of rate data in gas-liquid, gas-liquid-liquid and gas-liquid-solid reactions. Gas-liquid mass transfer plays an important role in many industrial processes, e.g. methanol synthesis. The overall rate of gas-phase and gas-liquid phase reactions strongly depends on mass transfer. A large number of solubility data of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a variety of solvents is available in the literature, but the data on the gas so...

It is known that high molecular weight paraffins are responsible for the settling out of deposits of asphalts, resins, and paraffins (ARP) and the trouble of their removal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effeciency of narrow straight-run oil fractions by the dissolution of ARP deposits with a different composition of solid paraffins. For the experiment, two ARP samples with a solid paraffin content of 59.0% (Sample 1) and 34.2 % (Sample 2) were taken. Narrow straight-run fractions were selected as t...

Tatarstan is one of the richest regions of Russia in terms of oil deposits. There are more than 100 oilfields with more than 3 000 000 000 tons of oil extracted up to day. The main deposits concentrated in in Devonian and Carbonic deposits, controlled by different genesis traps. Tatarstan is divided into 3 parts by the main rivers пїЅ Volga and Kama. The main oil deposits concentrated in the South-East part (South Tatar arc), while there are almost no oil in the North (North Tatar arc). To understand the structure...

Water is essential for life. The amount of drinking water required is variable. It depends on physical activity, age, health issues, and environmental conditions. For those working in a hot climate, up to 16 liters a day may be required. Water makes up about 60% of weight in men and 55% of weight in women. Infants are about 70% to 80% water while the elderly are around 45%. [1] Far from thinking of promoting certain national bodies, the study shows several necessary aspects for evaluating drinking water situation ...

In recent years, significant changes have occurred in the energy scene in general, and thermal energy was not immune to it. Such changes have led to attentive determination for optimal form of supply with thermal energy, accurate planning of this energy and making the right decisions. So, a right decision should be based on accurate planning, especially when dealing with an energy system. This research will focus on selecting the optimal supply of thermal energy for a space / facility which is partially used for b...

In most industrialized countries the problem of air pollution has become a major concern with significant social and political implications, is considered a barrier to economic and social development, drawing attention to these natural resources, materials and energy are not inexhaustible. In the literature are numerous researches on environmental pollution, correlated or not with the consequences on animals and food of animal origin, and not least on health human. In recent times the environmental pollution has d...

In studies on the assessment of the impact of environmental noise sources, depending on the objective set, there are used various supporting models and technologies. In the article, there was carried out the analysis of the selection of physical and psychoacoustic variables caused by the noise sources. They were determined the basic psychoacoustic measures of sound quality for registered acoustic signals in urban environment. The results were compared with the results obtained in the experiment. There was carried ...

Environmental protection and sustainable development are two of the of great topics of interest and much concern for the new generation of passive dwelling constructors, designerпїЅs architects. In the past less concern was attached to the use of environment friendly materials in harmony with the European legislation for the construction of passive dwellings and to the questions constantly raised by life: constructors and beneficiaries should meet the legislation on these constructions in harmony with the environm...

Monosaccharides, as well as the other carbohydrates, are used for the production of different chemicals including polyols which are widely used in food, medical, pharmaceutical industries. A large number of catalysts can be applied for these purposes but the main problem of numerous catalysts is instability leading to a high-speed deactivation, active phase leaching and support destruction. So the development of highly active, mechanically and chemically stable catalysts is one of the main tasks for the researcher...

Currently, there is an increase in the output of volumes of products of refineries, which leads to the contamination of the water basin by hazardous substances - such as dissolved refined products. Pollution of water resources leads to deterioration of the ecological situation. Existing cleaning methods, such as mechanical cleaning, reagent cleaning, hydrocyclones cleaning, sewage from oil products are not effective. These methods do not provide for the purification of effluents to the required MPC or are costly, ...

The paper presents the results of the study on the variability of volumetric density of individual lithological types in the Cu-Ag deposit in the Lubin-Glogow Copper District (the Polkowice-Sieroszowice mining area). In the examined deposit, the three main lithological types are made of eighteen ore types with different petrographic and mineralogical composition. Six lithological units with the largest share in the deposit resources were selected for the examination. The statistical description has shown that the ...

The paper presents a method for calculating and determining the environmental impact of the metallic material production in the specific shop of the machine building plant. Using mass balance equation, main pollutant emissions and by-products like CO, SO2, NOx, Heavy metal particles, slag, mud or volatile organic compounds were determined in the case of 1000 Kg steel, copper, aluminum and zinc production. Measurements were made with an original stand measuring emissions and by-products even in the work area operat...

The consumption of oil for human needs is increasing in the modern word. With that needs, it is important to use the conversion of the alternative sources of hydrocarbons. One of the promising sources of them is an oil shale. It is possible to convert this substance via pyrolysis or combustion. The possible degree of conversion of this remarkable biopolymer with the nature origin can reach 40%. Recently, thermal analysis techniques have been widely used for investigation of the oil shale oxidative and inert degrad...

This article aims to assess the actual possibilities of thermal degradation during the processing of the plastic and the mixed plastic waste. For these materials, it can be problematic to find utilization in some of the available recycling processes. These selected materials have been processed in the prototype unit for thermal degradation in the non-oxygen environment. This technological equipment is designed for continuous feeding of the input material, the retort is heated by flue gas from natural gas and the d...

Growing energy demand, depleting fossil fuels resources as well as ecological concerns are the main rationales behind the research focused on broader utilization of biowaste, e.g. sewage sludge in energy systems. Gasification as an alternative to combustion offers increased efficiency, lower negative environmental impact and wider application range of the main product пїЅ synthesis gas пїЅ in power generation and chemical synthesis. It is also considered as one of the most viable options for hydrogen production, a...

The section of highway between Prague and Brno represents the oldest and the busiest part of the highway network in the Czech Republic. The current technical state requires renovation and modernization. The total length of 201 km is divided into 21 sections. Works on all sections are gradually planned, introduced and implemented. Highway works are carried out with a few exceptions in full traffic but with lower speed limits, a limited number and width of lanes. Time work is organized in a one-shift operation, seve...

The present work shows some results obtained by the Time-Domain Electromagnetic Method (TDEM) to help characterize the geology and Penacova- RпїЅgua-Verin fault structure in the Vila Pouca de Aguiar sector. The Fault is an important tardi-variscan structure with NNE-SSW direction, more than 500 km long, extending from the North of Spain until near NazarпїЅ. The application of the TDEM method aimed to acquire data towards obtaining profiles of subsurface electrical resistivity in the zone affected by the fault and ...

The Russian poultry farms produce 10 million tons of litter and litter mass annually. These wastes are not disposed of properly, which leads to significant economic and environmental damage. Dry poultry waste can be used as a valuable fertilizer for seedbed preparation and spring fertilizing of winter crops. One of the major limitations for the direct application of organic waste in the soil is the presence of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms, preserving viability and virulence for a long tim...

The aim of the article is to evaluate the Total Productive Maintenance method as a system of loss prevention in food industry and a set of proven techniques and solutions aimed at increasing the efficiency of machinery and equipment used in the production while taking into account environmental protection. It was found to be an improvement system of production increasing its productivity, efficiency and flexibility, basis of which is. The aim of the Total Productive Maintenance is the inclusion of all company empl...

Over the time, many plant oils and extracts have been reported to possess antimicrobial properties. Recently, those plants which have been used in traditional medicines as sources of disease healing are investigated for their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant effects and their chemical composition is being elucidated. The increasing interest regarding sustainable and environmentally friendly control of plant pathogens and consumer demand for natural products that are pesticide free means that quantitative ...

This article presents results of an interdisciplinary literature analysis in the field of the smart city environmental management information system. A survey is made of main environmental issues related to urban development processes. The required range of the system information and functionality is verified. It is also checked to what extent state-of-the-art ICT tools can assist in environmental management in smart cities. The analysis takes account of the latest pillars of development, such as the knowledge tra...

Zeolites are solids (hydrated aluminosilicate minerals) consist of interlinked tetrahedra of alumina (AlO4) and silica (SiO4). Zeolites are minerals with three-dimensional crystal structure (open crystal structure) built from the elements previously mentioned (Al, Si, O2). They are very stable solid substances with exceptional properties пїЅ they resist of environmental conditions, they resist high pressures, they do not dissolve in water, they do not oxidize in the air. Zeolite structure пїЅ пїЅframework structur...

The main objective of the paper is to unfold a pattern for promoting sustainable development of the environment for local communities through gastronomy and ecotourism in Sibiu County, future European Region of Gastronomy in 2019. The motivation for the choice comes out of the wish to render profitable in a superior manner the huge gastronomical and ecotouristic potential of the areas mentioned. Now, Romanian tourism is being confronted with problems of infrastructure and image, and this is the reason why we consi...

A technical design with an economic and energy analysis of transforming an existing water weir built in 1920 to create point-of-use water for the technological needs of a local sugar factory. Since the closure of the sugar factory, the weir has only served to stabilize the river bed. Conceptual discussions were carried out and a technical solution was proposed to convert the regulatory weir into an energy facility. Because of the small catchment area of 175.5 km2, the energy potential of this facility is low - wit...

Fuel shale is now one of the most popular among alternative sources of raw materials for industrial energy. The Bazhenov Shale contains large part of oil shales oil of Russia, containing both solid organic material (kerogen) and liquid light oil in low permeable clay reservoir. Pyrite is a constant component of breeds. The natural iron sulphides are pyrrhotite and pyrite, they often form in hydrothermal processes and are subjected to active transformation in exogenous conditions. Sulfur content in kerogen reaches ...

As a promising alternative to thermal steam treatment of oil-saturated reservoir technology to intensify the extraction of heavy oil catalytic aquathermolysis process can be identified. This paper presents the results of research of the active form oil soluble catalysts based on metals Co (II) and Fe (II), formed in the process of the laboratory simulation of catalytic aquathermolysis heavy crude oil, and its influence on the composition of the oil itself. Experimental data shows a decrease in viscosity catalytic ...

This article is devoted to the analysis of peculiarities and regularities of traditional nature management systems transformation of the Altai mountain region and characterize the main catalyst factors and modern trends of these changes. The article shows generalized results of long-term researches that employed questionnaire methods (questioning and narrative interview), post-event analysis, geoinformational and cartographical methods. The methods used enabled study of spatial, functional, social and psychologica...

Every agroecosystem presumably has the potential for providing some kind of outdoor recreation. We analysed the potential for recreation of National park (NP) Low Tatras. Forest ecosystems with mountain grasslands as a part of agroecosystems participate in the total cultural ecosystem value. Protected natural areas provide a wide range of benefits to the community. Among the benefits most commonly cited are those associated with the provision of tourism and recreational opportunities, as well as those associated w...

On the example of waters from Komsomolsk tailings pond (Kemerovo region, Russia) with initial ??=6.5 and content of As and Sb amount to 0.25 mg/l and 0.85 mg/l, respectively, the possibility of using chemical reagents: lime milk, Na2S and FeSO4, for removal of metals and metalloids from the water right up to the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) was shown. It was experimentally proved that all three used reagents are appropriate for arsenic immobilization. The following sequences of the reagents in increasi...

In recent years, membrane technologies combining advantages of biological treatment and membrane filtration have been well advanced in the world practice. Application of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) for wastewater treatment could be an attractive alternative to recover energy in terms of biogas. The article presents the results of laboratory tests on water treatment in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor with an external hollow fiber module (PVDF). Researches were performed on wastewater of a pulp and pap...

The paper concerns the geochemical trends (loss and accumulation) of trace elements studied in the lateritic weathering profile of Futa Jallon-Mandingo Province and related to weathering of silty mudstones and dolerites. Whatever their composition, structure, texture, strike, and dip the bauxite-bearing weathering mantles usually show a zoned profile consisting of two generic horizons. The lower horizon mainly consists of clays grading in the mineralogical composition from polymineralic, with fragments of slightly...

An important factor influencing the level of economic development of countries and regions is the transport infrastructure. The transport infrastructure in the Slovak Republic lags behind the needs. The motorway network as an important element in transport infrastructure is significantly undersized and unevenly distributed. The paper is focused on the tunnels, which are an important part of the mountainous country highways. Their construction is economically, technically challenging and time consuming and the aim ...

The interest in sustainable economic development, with all the financial benefits arising from it, is a priority to the objectives of protection in Natura 2000 sites. To highlight the antithesis between the protection objectives and the desire for economic development of this space, we used the Markov model. The data used for the analysis were the boundaries of the Natura 2000 sites and the information provided by Corine Land Cover data set from 2006 (the year prior to the establishment of these sites) and 2012. B...

New Russian environmental legislation categorises oil and gas refineries as installations obliged to implement Best Available Techniques (BAT) and obtain Integrated Environmental (IEP). This new legislation is similar to the Industrial Emissions Directive setting conditions to European installations. Russian Information and Technical Reference Books on Best Available Techniques (ITRB) have been developed since 2015, and ITRB for Gas Refineries have been worked out by technologists, environmentalists and industrial...

Seals of oil deposits of Tatarstan (Volga-Ural petroleum province) are a complex geological and geochemical object. The preservation degree of hydrocarbon deposits is determined by the filtration characteristics of the seals. Migration of the identified portions of hydrocarbon compounds through the fluid lead to a violation of lithological-geochemical equilibrium in the seal. The development of pyrite in the seals is connected both with the syndiagenetic processes of sediment transformation and with biomineralogic...

Ultra clean coal (UCC) contains less than one per cent by weight ash. It is created via chemical leaching, because conventional, physical separating techniques cannot achieve this extremely low mineral content. Potential uses for ultra clean coal, apart from power generation, include for example directly fired into gas turbines пїЅ increasing the efficiency of power generation and eliminating the need for ash dams, production of graphite and carbon fibres, wood charcoal alternative for silicon smelting and others....