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Krakow ? the former capital of Poland ? is situated on border Krakow-Silesian monocline and Carpathians Flysch separated by narrow zone of the Carpathian Foredeep. In the geological structure of Krakow, the Jurassic and Cretaceous are exposed on the surface sediments. The Neogene sediments fill the Vistula valley. For thousands of years the sacred and secular constructions have been built using Jurassic limestones coming from local quarries. These quarries were founded on fault ridges, from the early Middle Ages t...

Cyanobacteria are the oldest prokaryotes with worldwide distribution. Some of them are able to produce secondary metabolites (including cyanotoxins), which can have different effects on the other phytoplankton species. It is speculated that production of cyanotoxins is an adaptation mechanism of the cyanobacteria to survive in diverse habitats inhibiting the growth of the competing aquatic biota. In certain environmental conditions, bloom forming cyanobacteria may exert rapidly their allelopathic potential and cha...

The main cause of excessive waste generations is irrational resource management. Waste collected on landfills can be used to a large extent as secondary raw materials, valued at several hundred million dollars. In material management, the use of raw materials and materials from recovery is more and more important. Many materials of mineral organic origin are returned to the production in the form of secondary raw materials. The utilization of waste means that in industrialized countries, the demand for materials i...

The main aim of the contribution is development the spatial structure analysis of the landscape on the basis of evaluation the classes of land cover and their extension in the model territory in two time horizons (1956, 2009) on the bases of GIS technologies with using superstructure software Patch Analyst for ArcView GIS and as well as using mathematical and statistical methods which is each other combined also with traditional geographic field research. These methods were complemented by the results of explorati...

The modern historical geography plays an important part in the complex historical and geographical study of a region and creation of the techniques of the ecological and geographical assessment of its landscapes. The retrospective analysis of the evolution of the definition of the concept of the "ecological and geographical assessment" in the works of the leading Russian geographers showed the dependence of its treatment on the applied approaches, i.e. historical-landscape, comprehensive physical-geographical, soc...

The production of agricultural products in Russia is associated with complex natural and climatic conditions. Today up to 80% of the lands need irrigation. Therefore, the expansion of irrigated areas, improving the quality of their conditions, improving of the irrigation technologies and increasing of the production from the irrigated lands will allow not only to meet the needs of the country's population in agricultural products, but also to increase export of the country, to create of new jobs for the country po...

Hydrogen is one of the alternative source of energy. Its lack of negative impact on environment, high heating value and heat of combustion make that it can be apply in industrial range. However, this is connected with storing this fuel. Huge amount of this medium can be storage in following ways: depleted gas fields, aquifer formations or leached salt caverns [1]. The hydrogen is a very problematic gas because of its physical and chemical nature. It has the smallest atomic radius in whole periodic table. It can at...

Hydrocarbon deposits in Polish Carpathians occur at rather shallow depths, but under highly complex structural and lithological conditions. It is therefore much difficult to detect and recognize such deposits with use of surface geophysical methods. The research works have made since 2008 year led to investigations of the Grabownica oil and gas field with use of electromagnetic methods: Audiofrequency Magnetotellurics (AMT), Controlled Source Audiofrequency Magnetotellurics (CSAMT) and Induced Polarization (IP). T...

The article aims at analysing the content of heavy metals in plants in two rural administrative units of Psary and P?oki which are located in the western part of the Ma?opolska province in Poland. These areas have been heavily transformed by the mining and processing industries. It was found that the content of cadmium in the plant material slightly exceeded the permissible standard of the element for animal feed in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development [1], therefore ...

Biological domestic water treatment is an important and integral step of wastewater treatment system and it treats wastewater coming from either residential buildings or industries. This process is used to remove any contaminants that left over after primary treatment. The biological process of domestic water treatment presented in this paper consisted in the activation of the suspended microorganisms, which consisted of two distinct operations: a) aeration, where the microorganisms are mixed with nutrients from d...

To adequately manage the geographic reality, regardless of its metamorphosis in time and space, it requires a constant monitoring and observation. This means an objective evaluation of its structure, physics and physiognomy, this is why it is necessary to be analyzed in functional complexities called territorial systems and systemic regions. In order to better understand the role if the Giurgeu-Ciuc regional system in the process of sustained development, it is necessary to decipher its structure and how it functi...

This article is devoted to the study of the main stages of modernization of the sphere of housing and communal services in the Russian economy, the main trends in the modernization of the country's economy as a whole and, in particular, the sphere of housing and communal services. The structure of modernization of Russian scientists is divided into three sectors. The first one is export, which is competitive in nature, as it includes the production of materials from oil, oil products and natural gas that prevail i...

The purpose of this work is to anticipate the most important consequences generated by the installation of a micro-hydroelectric plant on mountain rivers, on the main components of the environment, and also to identify and locate the potential disruptions caused by the implementation of these projects. In addition, I would like to clarify certain aspects regarding the changes brought to the natural setting, the extent to which they affect the components of the environment, the capacity of nature to withstand these...

Zooplankton plays a significant role in organic and mineral components accumulation and vertical organic matter fluxes in lake ecosystems of the Pechora delta. The composition and structure of zooplankton in four small remote tundra lakes of the Pechora delta (Russia) during the summer of 2017 were analyzed. All tundra lakes under study are characterized by low conductivity and nutrients content. A total of 82 zooplankton taxa were identified, of which the most frequently occurring ones were rotifers (Conochilus u...

The drilling and investigation of the Kola superdeep borehole SG-3 provided unique data on the ore formation in the ancient continental crust. They revealed high ore potential of the continental crust at previously inaccessible depths, made in possible to determine parameters of the ore formation in deep zones of the Fennoscandian shield at different stages of its geological development and increased the ore potentional of the Pechenga ore field as the largest in Europe mining area [1]. The ore-forming systems of ...

The paper raises the problem of reducing air pollution induced by low-stack emission. It is one the most serious problems, especially in such countries as Poland, where the Southern regions belong to the most polluted ones in EU. The objective of the paper is to identify the social expectations towards research projects and other initiatives undertaken in order to stop low-stack emission. The objective was achieved using a survey method. The survey was conducted in 2017 in three target groups: among the participan...

The aim of the study is to determine the distribution of iron, manganese, zinc and copper, essential microelements in the soil - fruit system, in an unpolluted area from the west of Romania. The studied area soil is described by coarse texture, a moderately acidic reaction, low humus supply, moderate with phosphorus and potassium (mobile forms), and a low saturation degree. Theoretically, on such soil the mobility of the microelements is quite high, and they can be easily translocated into the plant. Iron, mangane...

This paper presents analyzes of volumetric density based on the results of experimental sampling at one of the Cu-Ag LGOM deposits. These analyzes were carried out in order to assess a value of this parameter in chosen 3 of 9 individual lithological units (streaky dolomite, dolomitic shale and carbonate sandstone).The selection of individual lithological units was based on the number of samples taken and examined in particular lithology. An attempt to determine the structure of variability of volumetric density wa...

Simple and cheap methods for the study of building stone deposits for the production of blocks of commercial size can be used to make geological work more efficient. However, physical processes in a massif are hard to understand when doing geophysical research, and the effect of microstructural parameters, mainly the microfracturing of rocks, on geophysical field indices is poorly understood. The authors have studied the impact of microfracturing on the physico-mechanical properties on coarse- to giant-grained rap...

The heliostat structure and shape must deliver the essential rigidity to accurately reflect solar radiation onto the target under several working conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of various rectangular heliostat shape aspect ratios ? =L/W on the spiral layout performance considered by keeping the same heliostat area. Here ?L? and ?W? are the length and width of the rectangular heliostat shape respectively. A combination of an-inhouse developed computer code based on the vec...

Reducing energy costs and cost of production is a strategic goal of an industrial enterprise in the field of energy conservation and energy efficiency. The main driving force for the activities of the organization is staff. Therefore, the constant increase of knowledge and competence of employees on energy saving and use of secondary energy resources are the main points of the social and environmental policy of the industrial enterprise [1]. Only by motivating and involving staff, improving the control system, imp...

In comparison to other countries of the Southern Caucasus, Armenia is the country with the least number of people, the smallest territory, landlocked, dependent on external energy supply. Armenia is also engaged in the military conflict in the area of neighboring Azerbaijan to defend the interests of Armenian living there. Armenia hasn?t got its own fossil energy sources and it is also not a transit country, which transit oil and natural gas through its territory. Therefore, this country is heavily dependent on en...

The quality of life can be assessed according to a variety of indicators e.g. financial provision, access to goods and services, the quality of environmental particles etc. These indicators can be well-measurable; they are all objective ones. There are many others, such as liberty, happiness, sense of security etc. These indicators are far more difficult to measure and we call them subjective indicators. The security is one of the essential indicators of quality of life. There is no way to reduce security just to ...

This article is focused on possibilities of dedusting equipments to capture particulate matters from the chosen production process of the metallurgical plants in the Czech Republic. It deals with the issue of particulate matter generated during the production of pig iron. The article presents the manufacturing process at main sections of a metallurgical enterprise for the production of pig iron and possible formation of particulate emissions in individual sections. The emissions from sinter plants dominate the ove...

Cross-dipole acoustic logging traditionally uses to study the anisotropy of the formation acoustic properties. The method is based on comparing the velocities of fast and slow shear waves and calculating the anisotropy coefficient. In the anisotropic formation, the flexural wave is splitting into two modes. The amplitude of cross-components XY and YX will be non-zero and significant in the anisotropic zones of the formation. There are several approaches to assessing the presence of anisotropy in a formation. As a ...

The purpose of this paper is to present traditional building concepts from the local seismic culture, with a seismically resilient typology: from timber structures to framed wall structures, timber frame structure with infilling materials etc. The structural shortcomings of masonry structural systems with one or two storey, which were observed at the incidence of intermediate Vrancea earthquake from the past, will be emphasized: some architectural and constructive elements that impose a good/poor behavior and type...

Market transformation processes of the machine-building enterprises have acquired special significance in connection with the defining role of these enterprises in providing of innovative development of economy in Russia and the complexity of their adaptation to market conditions. Integration of machine-building enterprises in the market field requires new approaches to the formation of product portfolio of enterprises which are discussed in detail in this article. Competitiveness of the final product is determine...

The article presents research results carried out by the authors in the field of ensuring the energy security of Poland based on a hard coal. The article contains a brief description of the energy market in Poland, the forecast of the electricity production volume up to 2020 (ARIMA model (0,2,1)), as well as the possibilities of using Clean Coal Technologies (CCT). The necessity to undertake activities related to the development and implementation of the CCT is dictated mainly by the growing level of greenhouse-ga...

With the rapid development of Turkey?s petroleum industry, oil production, the way of burning crude oil to produce steam, need to change. Heavy oil reservoir with thin layer or edge water is unsuitable for thermal recovery. Electric heating leads to considerable electrical consumption. Low injection water temperature decreases reservoir temperature and increased crude oil viscosity. The prolonged temperature difference break up reservoir pore throat cement and framework minerals. To improve high-capacity channel c...

Hydrogen sulfide is a gas that is formed in various water bodies due to the flow of sulphate reduction and putrefaction of organic matter of bottom sediments. Hydrogen sulfide can also get in the water of reservoirs and watercourses with wastewater of various industries and farms. In the water objects of fishery and drinking water use concentration normalized, since due to the toxicity of hydrogen sulfide deteriorates the water quality, occur hypoxic effects and death of aquatic organisms, while for ponds with mud...

The paperwork is based on the data emerged from a conducted research related to a moisture influence on ignition sensitivity of air-methane gas mixture. For the purpose of this demarche the Bayesian statistics was used to fit a proposed mathematical model. In the first part of the paper it was presented the spark test apparatus used for the experimentation and the results of the experimental data obtained during the tests with moisturized air-methane mixtures. In the second part it was proposed and presented the t...

The development strategy in tourism industry requires a complexity of processes which claim the combination of the economical, social and environmental factors, concreted in medium and long term progress of the tourism society. Generally, sustainable development follows the performance on three levels - economic, by increasing the development degree and resources development, ecologically through recycling and avoiding environmental and social degradation by increasing the number of jobs, re-launching the traditio...

The existence of old unused buildings, called brownfields is one of the major urban problems today. In addition to the well-known environmental or social problems, the existence of brownfields is linked to economic problems, including, among other things, the decline in the prices of surrounding, especially residential, properties because of a reduction in social status and the prestige of the site. This article attempts to quantify this problem in a framework. On the example of several locations in the Moravian-S...

The article discusses the geological structure of the Middle Devonian dolomites deposit located in the south-eastern part of Poland, in the Holly Cross Mountains, in the central part of the kielecko-lagowskie synclinorium. The deposit is cut by large, four-level open pit mine. It contributes to follow tracking the variability of the formation of Devonian sediments to a large extent. Within the deposit, the lithological diversity of the dolomitic series and the intensity of tectonic phenomena are observed. In terms...

The quality of fuel atomization in diesel engine, commonly represented by the mean drop size, is critical for fuel-air mixture, and for the rate of fuel evaporation and combustion. Poor quality fuel-air mixtures are a source of harmful exhaust gas components, such as nitrogen oxides and particulates. In spite of advanced technologies, mentioned components still are not eliminated from combustion products. The article presents the results of the impact of fuel pump delivery rate and fuel viscosity on the course of ...

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the negative impact of the impoundment Po?a on landscape adjacent to it. The impoundment is used for the deposition of coal ashes and other sludgy waste material from industrial processing of former Chemko Str??ske factory as well as the deposition of sludge water from waste water treatment plant. Both published and unpublished materials were used to support our research. The field trip involved data collection and was designed to find out the real condition of the impoundment ...

Air pollution is one of the most urgent problems of urbanized territories. The quality of atmospheric air depends to a large extent on the volume and characteristics of the contaminants entering into it from stationary and mobile pollution sources. According to the State Reports ?On State and Protection of Environment in the Krasnoyarskiy Krai? the air pollution rate in Krasnoyarsk has been remaining very high for the last decade. When assessing the environmental quality, biological methods should be used integral...

The paper presents the innovative proposal of managing the natural resources of a tourist destination using information and communication technologies. The members of the young generation of consumers, called the Millennials, have a very specific profile which includes technology in the core values. Starting with the Millennials, all strategies will have to address to a new consumer type, generically called ?the digital native?. In this context, the paper presents the case study of a tourist destination which has ...

The flooding of the remaining gaps of the former quarries is a process that can be achieved naturally, by influx of water from various permanent and/or temporary sources such as rainwater, superficial water courses, underground water or artificially, through water adductions from other nearby water sources like rivers, lakes etc. Knowledge of hydrographical, hydrological and hydrogeological conditions specific to a region where open-pit mining operations are carried out allows the assessment of the available water...

Nowadays, in order to satisfy consumer's profits and the requirements of the environment, manufacturers strive for more ecological, modern and innovative solutions in the area of heat distribution. The paper presents the results of the examinations of the importance of information systems in the process of distribution of heat for final recipients. The main research problem of the paper was to determine the answer to the question of whether IT systems used in the process of heat energy distribution are important f...

Nowadays, in order to satisfy consumer's profits and the requirements of the environment, manufacturers strive for more ecological, modern and innovative solutions in the area of heat distribution. The paper presents the results of the examinations of the importance of information systems in the process of distribution of heat for final recipients. The main research problem of the paper was to determine the answer to the question of whether IT systems used in the process of heat energy distribution are important f...

Measurements of porosity of rock materials are one of the most important in field investigations and laboratory analyses of rocks and soils mechanics. Results of those laboratory measurement are used in vast majority of reservoir engineering calculations and simulations and that is the reason why, accurate measurement of porosity is of vital importance during laboratory tests. The main goal of this study was to investigate the influence of improper preparation of sample for the porosity laboratory measurements on ...

The so-called Karolina area is situated very close to the center of Ostrava - the third largest city in the Czech Republic. It is an area of several hectares on the main entrance to the city center. Urbanistically, it is one of the most attractive areas of the city. Due to the industrial past of Ostrava, this area has long been used as a coking plant in the past. Upon completion, the objects became a full-fledged brownfield with all the negatives associated with this phenomenon, including the environmental burden....

The main objective of the article was to assess the impact of the selected interpolation algorithm on the accuracy of parameter value estimation. The following interpolation methods were used: inverse distance to a power (ID), linear kriging (LK), ordinary kriging (OK), and more advanced geostatistical methods including Lognormal Kriging (LG) and Turning Bands Simulation (TBS). The contents of copper and lead were determined for the economic series of a part of the LGCD (the Lubin-G?og?w Copper District, Poland). ...

The coal samples were fractured by using high-energy solid fuel (propellants) in the lab rocket motor (LRM) adapted to investigate the impact of propellant gases pressure on rocks. The combustion of the propellant generates large quantities of gases at high pressure, which are able to produce a secondary system of fractures in the coal - potential pathways for methane migration. Values of pressure and time generated during combustion of propellants in the standard system of a laboratory rocket motor are controlled...

The placing engineering-technical objects lead to the necessity of the development and of the applying of the protective and of the preventive of measures in areas with increased geodynamics (karst, landslides, mudflows, etc.). One of the measures is the application of systems of the geodynamic control to prevent of the negative development of geodynamics. However, the development and the introduction of systems of this class are associated with the low methodological study of problems of the control of probabilis...

The world economy continues to grow . About 9 billion people will live on the planet by 2030. To meet the growing demands for resources, products and services is becoming increasingly difficult. According the World Bank, the volume of solid waste will increase from 1.3 billion tons to 2.2 billion tons per year by 2025, mainly due to the developed countries. The Elen MacArthur fund estimates that the economy loses 3.2 trillion dollars annually in the sector of consumer services [1]. The linear industrial model of w...

This paper presents a solution for the replacement of conventional fuels with biofuels in order to protect the environment. The proposed biofuel is formed of diesel and a certain amount of animal fats. Biodiesel is similar to diesel fuel but with small differences. The animal fat is the result of the skin processes in the leather industry. In this industry it represents a waste and it is not used. We can consider that the animal fats are a renewable biofuel source. The proposed fuel has the properties of a renewab...

Because of the hydrocarbon reserves reducing from traditional reservoirs in Russia, much attention is paid now to unconventional resources, such as the Domanik oil shales of the Volga?Ural Basin. The Domanik deposits consist of siliceous-clay-carbonate rocks enriched with organic matter and other components of oil in the dispersed state. They are Middle Frasnian source rocks and have low porosity and permeability. Domanik shales contains many oil occurrences and rare fields, which is primarily explained by the abs...

It is important to control the social issues not only regarding the outside factors but also the inside ones ensuring a responsible attitude towards the employees and the environment. The purpose of this study is to analyze different points of view, namely, respondents as potential employees evaluate the working conditions in social enterprises that work in the social services industry, such as providing social services, education, supporting science, protecting and preserving the environment, protecting animals o...