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A dangerous problem that many countries have to face is the existence of buried explosive devices, responsible for high numbers of civilian fatalities. Their detection and removal are therefore mandatory, which has led in recent years to the development of different techniques that can ensure safer and more efficient demining operations. Geophysical techniques have been employed, since allow ground search in a non-invasive, rapid and cost-effective way, with special interest being given to ground penetrating radar...

As a rule, well-log porosity is used as a reference information in the process of reservoir porosity model construction. At the same time, the regions of the model, where the porosity values are obtained by interpolating the well data, are characterized by a decrease in detail with distance from the wells, as well as by uncertainty in the interwell space. The uncertainty arising from interpolation can be significantly reduced as a result of the integrated use of well logging and 3D seismic data, and the usefulness...

The article discusses an urgent problem of designing systems for ship ballast water (BW) treatment ensuring high efficiency at low power consumption and small mass and size. Transportation of invasive organisms with ballast water presents a serious danger for the world ocean. According to the International Marine Organization (IMO), the BW global turnover reaches 12 billion tons annually. A number of species of aquatic organisms transferred daily with ballast water exceeds 7,000. Many of them not only survive in b...

Nowadays, when the whole world is increasingly engaged in environmental protection, it is necessary to come up with a fuel alternative for transport, which means generally abandoning the use of non-renewable resources (fossil fuels), as they are one of the many factors influencing the emergence of greenhouse gases and its associated global warming. In today's Europe, pressure is being put mainly on automotive companies, to search for sources other than conventional fuels. At present, there is a big boom in the are...

The article deals with the impact of global climate change and temperature warming up on emission production during en-route flight. Consequently, analyses the effects of carbon dioxide gases production on the environment and ecology. The main aim of this article is to do research the amount of emission (CO2) production during flight in different meteorological condition and make an evaluation of how it can affect the global climate change, ecology and greenhouse effect. The theoretical part of the article focused...

The modern state of the most water bodies and coastal zones does not comply with the standards. Water pollution indicates the need for water treatment systems. For this goal, the proposed were used of biological engineering structures with higher aquatic vegetation ? bioplato (floating plant islands). The cleaning process occurs due to the natural ability of a number of living organisms and plants to absorb, decompose and recycle pollutants. Despite the enormous advantages as by as: simplicity, cost-effectiveness ...

Relevance of results. Mining is one of the priority directions of development of the Russian industry. In this regard in structure of waste in Russia waste of production and quantity them prevail grows. Therefore the problem of definition and economic assessment of the directions of use of waste of production is relevant now and is an important component of the organization of circular economy and rational use of resources. Research objective. To analyse a problem of intensive formation of waste of production and ...

We present a study of the strongest historical earthquakes (Mw > 5.0) occurred in West Romania between 1900 and 1980 to review and homogenize the Romanian Earthquakes and Focal Mechanisms Catalogues on instrumental data basis. New hypocenters relocation, moment magnitudes, Mw and focal mechanisms solutions are obtained on historical instrumental data basis (seismograms, bulletins, catalogues). The vectorized seismograms were analysed to pick up the arrival times of the body and surface waves after careful identifi...

Over the last decade, due to the rapid increase in energy consumption, sustainability has become an increasingly important concern among developers and software and hardware users. The digital era brings about a fast and continuous production of information, whose management becomes a challenge for both large companies and users worldwide, in their private environment. The huge amount of data needed to carry out day-to-day operations means a continuing need for increased storage space, which translates into high h...

The purpose of this work consists in analyses of declustering catalogue and seismic sequence recorded in Vrancea crustal area . The moderate-size earthquake with local magnitude 5,7 which occurred on November 22, 2014 in Vrancea region, at 41 km depth, is the largest crustal event instrumentally recorded at the bending of the Eastern Carpathians. The crust seismicity in front of the Carpathian Arc spreads to the East, in a strip delimited by the Peceneaga-Camena fault, to the North and East, and to the South is lo...

Adequate treatment of industrial and communal wastes is one of the urgent challenges nowadays. The worsening critical situation in the sphere of waste management has turned the minor issue into a global problem. About (55?60) million tons of municipal solid wastes (MSW) are generated in Russia annually. More than 90% of them are stored in landfill sites and unauthorized landfills. The progressive growth of the municipal solid waste volumes from year to year makes the problem even more urgent. Biotechnological disp...

Every production process taking place in an industrial facility must take into account the possibility of both external and internal incidents and industrial-scale breweries are no different. Like all industrial facilities and production processes, even breweries are threatened by a number of anthropogenic or naturogenic incidents, or a mix of both. The main priority in ensuring the functionality of a whole production process and safety system is correctly identifying different elements which are critical to the o...

Air pollution is a local, Pan-European and hemisphere problem. Air pollutants emitted from an industrial site can be transported into the atmosphere, contributing to low air quality in other areas. In Europe, the industrial emissions of many atmospheric pollutants have fallen substantially in recent decades, leading to an improvement in air quality in the region, but accidental emissions due to industrial or other damage can adversely affect air quality. A less controllable aspect is the alteration of the physical...

The inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is recognized as a robust method for the determination of different elements in liquid and solid samples. However, for metals determinations from solid samples, digestion is required in order to dissolve the analytes into liquid solution. It was the aim of this paper to validate the ICP-OES method for determination of metals from zeolite samples after acid digestion. The suitability of three digestion procedures using wet digestion with mineral...

Vegetation takes an active part in the processes of migration and transformation of chemical compounds on the earth's surface. The intensity of biogenic migration of chemical elements is determined mainly by the chemical composition of plants. Different availability of soil chemical elements and causes their different accumulation in agricultural plants. The widespread use of fertilizers, pesticides, active development of industry in the study region - all these factors can be attributed to the Rostov region at ri...

The article discusses some patterns of reflection of successive seismic events in the field of radon volumetric activity (VAR). The results of the reflection in the radon field of a sequential series of successive seasons with a small time interval of seismic events indicate that the most likely mechanism for increasing the volumetric activity of radon is its desorption from the surface of the pore space under the influence of elastic oscillations arising during the preparation of such events. The decrease in the ...

The article presents the use of the volcanic exhalations of Larderello geothermal field (Italy, southern Tuscany, Pisa province) for the construction of a large-scale heating system using geothermal heat of the Earth and make them available to visitors in the form of geotourist attractions (?Parco Geotermico Delle Biancane? with geotourist routes, e.g. ?La Fumarole?). The history of the use of inexhaustible energy resources contained in the interior of the Earth dates back to 1850, when in Larderello a heating pla...

The aim of the study was to determine the Cu and Pb content in soil profiles in relation to main responsible factors in vertical distribution: type of soil, pH and mineralogical composition. Were exanimate 34 soil profiles from the industrial area of Craiova City. For each profile was collected bulk samples at different depths (40, 100, 150, 200 and 300 cm). The analytical techniques employed for the investigation of soil and rock samples were Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) for determination of heavy metals ...

The cause of the explosion is the thermal energy delivered by the flammable/ fuel ignition source. The action of the ignition source on the flammable medium can be direct or indirect. The most common of the direct sources of ignition are open flames and electric and mechanical sparks. These sources release their energy into the environment, which, if it contains flammable substances in appropriate proportions, is initiated. This is followed by a chain of fuel oxidation reactions and by the propagation of a flame f...

Despite preventive measures, it is not possible to fully eliminate natural disasters, damages and other undesired events. These may have such negative impacts that might turn into a crisis situation. Provided the crisis situation occurs, it is necessary to have an effective system and tools of crisis management. The activity of crisis management represents the solution to the crisis situation using specific principles, procedures and methods aiming at overcoming or minimizing the negative impacts and renewing part...

Water in general and especially drinking water, is becoming an increasingly scarce commodity in the Central Europe region due to the climate change. For a human, water is a bare necessity of life. The necessary amount of water to maintain human life is several litres a day. However, in a modern way of life, daily water consumption is usually over 100 litres. This amount accounts only for the personal consumption. To ensure the operation of national economy, consumption must be much higher. There are two ways how t...

Nowadays, due to environmental pollution, finding and using alternative sources of energy is a priority for any economy. For this purpose, scholars from all over the world are focusing on finding the best alternative sources of energy. One example is the wave energy. This natural source is characterized by being renewable, inexhaustible, not polluting, thus is not contributing to global warming by generating emissions. Yet such a resource is extremely variable. The aim of this paper is to analyze the Black Sea wav...

Vast carbon reservoirs hosted in the Arctic realm may trigger a significant positive feedback loop in the global Earth climate system under existing global warming scenarios. Nevertheless, sparse coverage of the Arctic region with greenhouse gas (GHG) observation network limits our understanding of carbon cycling in this environment and making predictions about a fate of carbon conserved in currently frozen ground. Especially critical gaps exist in the vast Arctic territories of Siberia, where solely 3 continuous ...

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the essence, characteristics and capabilities of weather derivatives as successful tools for financial management of natural disaster risk. In particular, it is considered the risk from natural disasters due to climate-related events (weather-related hazards), such as extreme precipitations and temperatures, storms, heatwaves, snowfalls, floods and droughts. The paper importance is based on the reasoned expectations that climate change will increase the frequency and intensit...

In paper, we present the development results of web-based tools for natural risk management during the implementation of large projects within environmental economics. If the projects are implemented in the Arctic and subarctic regions, the composition of natural risks must take into account climate change. While research, we used Foresight technologies, risk management approach, theory of decision making under uncertainties, web-technologies of data bases constructing. Within geoinformation management paradigm, w...

In the current context, characterized by the alarming increase in pollution caused by energy production from fossil fuels it is becoming increasingly important to reduce this dependence. Wind energy can be a very good solution to global energy problems. Romania's wind potential is considered one of the largest in Europe, the Dobrogea region having the largest wind potential in Romania. The objective of this paper is to draw an image of the near future projection of the wind potential in this region. The problem of...

The article analyzes the prospects of transition of the Russian fuel and energy complex to the new development paradigm which consists in implementing some Industry 4.0 Project elements. The article attempts to identify the profound changes taking place in the global and Russian energy sectors. One of the key drivers of the new development paradigm is the active implementation of the Industry 4.0 project elements in the fuel and energy complex, which is comprehensive and relies on digital technologies. The feature...

Currently, the population of the Earth, reaching a value of 7.2 billion people (2014), continues to grow rapidly. This leads to an increase in the demand for food, energy, minerals, which in turn enhances the anthropogenic impact on the biosphere, at the same time increases production and consumption waste and worsens the ecological situation. The problems of urbanization should be attributed to the most acute technospheric problems - increasing the role of cities in the development of society, as well as the grow...

Levulinic acid (LA) is a substance, which can be obtained from cellulosic biomass via acid hydrolysis. Hydrogenation of LA to gamma-valerolactone (GVL) is one of the most promising reactions in the field of biomass valorization to fine chemicals and liquid transportation fuels. Potentially, GVL obtained from lignocellulosic biomass is a versatile intermediate for the production of fuel additives and chemicals. Due to the high demand for GVL, its efficient production is currently a topic of intensive research. This...

The high number of freshwaters and wetlands is a characteristic feature of arctic and subarctic landscapes in the northern Russia. Arctic freshwater ecosystems are especially susceptible to the negative consequences of global environmental change drivers. We studied zooplankton communities of 14 small tundra lakes in the Pechora River delta (in the northeast of European Russia). The composition, structure of zooplankton, and ecological stage of lakes were analyzed. A total of 107 zooplankton taxa were identified. ...

Mining, due to its intensive economic operation, is primarily associated with negative impact on natural environment and destruction of natural assets, and that regardless of the method of raw materials extraction. So, the great challenge now is to restore natural balance to areas affected by the consequences of this operation. Literature on the subject features a lot of publications on recultivation, understood as reintroduction of forests, meadows, arable land and water courses into degraded former mining areas ...

Heavy crude oils are extracted mostly by thermal recovery methods which reduce viscosity of heavy oil due to destruction of associative bonds in a complex oil fluid. In a number of articles, it is proved that at a temperature of more than 200-250В° C there is also a certain chemical transformation of hydrocarbons, primarily containing hetero-elements. The use of finely-dispersed catalysts, injected directly into the oil-bearing formation, allows to intensify the processes of destructive hydrogenation of asphaltene...

The company "Skripinsky Quarry", LLC is mining the carbonate rock deposit. Planning the advanced processing of raw materials, the company is doing a lot of work to develop new types of products. The integrated approach to the territory development became the key for the enterprise developing the promising industrial projects. The competition of project proposals for the best use of Skripinsky quarry crushed stone screenings was organized together with D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia. The w...

The proposed paper presents the situation of the Aranca hydroameliorative arrangement located in the western part of Romania. The Aranca hydroameliorative arrangement was realized in 1965 and the completion of the land improvement works in this arrangement were realized between the years 1974-1977. Since the execution, a series of rehabilitation works have been carried out due to changes in agricultural practices in the area affected by climate change. This research assesses the state of the art as well as its fun...

The proposed paper presents the situation of the Teba-Timisat hydroameliorative arrangement located in the western part of Romania. Teba-Timisat hydroameliorative arrangement was realized in 1962 and the completion of the land improvement works in this arrangement was executed between 1985 and 1987. Since the execution, a series of rehabilitation works have been carried out, due to changes in agricultural practices in the area affected by climate change. This research assesses the state of the art as well as its f...

The article analyzes how the main factors influence the competitiveness of the economy. In constructing the model, three assumptions are introduced: a) there is a prehistory of the process, i.e. the variables that evaluate the competitiveness of the economy at the time t, also affect the values of previous periods; b) there is a mutual influence (interdependence) between the variables that evaluate the competitiveness of the economy; c) the variables that evaluate the competitiveness of the economy are influenced ...

Acid Orange 7 was heterophotolyzed using titanium dioxide, oxygen bubbling, back-flow tubular reactor, polychromatic radiation of high pressure Hg lamp and aqueous sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide or sulfuric acid as solvents. Dependences of reaction rates on Acid Orange 7 concentrations have exhibited either straight-line (for lower initial concentrations) or a convex shape (for higher initial concentrations). Variations in shapes of kinetic curves observed were explained by the effect of decrease in both (i)...

Due to economic and social benefits it provides, transport is a key sector on which development is based. However, adverse effects of transport in terms of the environment, economy, and society ought to be minimised. The European Commission has developed standard indicators to evaluate negative effects of transport and its sustainable development in Union countries. This paper presents these indicators and provides their synthetic analysis. The indicators reveal that several countries (e.g. the Netherlands) develo...

The main idea of this paper is to develop a multi-agent system, integrating advanced control algorithms and acting scenarios, for optimizing energy management in an intelligent microgrid. In order to achieve this objective, it is proposed a flexible intelligent tool based on multi-agents, able to give alternatives for action to prosumers, through a specialized interface. In this respect, firstly are presented aspects related to the multi- agents (MAS) integration in smart grids? control. In the second part the wor...

One tenth of the European population lives in distressed areas where physical and economic plight is aggravated by social problems. In urban renewal, two emerging problems require attention: a) the inclusion of the local communities in making choices for land administration; b) the complex nature of the interventions due to the multiplicity, diversity and conflict of the elements involved. With the aim of providing an evaluation procedure able to aid public choice, to involve the community and to reach a shared ch...

Numerical modeling of vortex induced motions appears to be one of primary objectives of offshore constructions design. The flow around structure elements with certain elongated geometry shape as pipes, risers, mooring lines, oil rig legs etc., causes vortex induction, which in turn could lead to negative side effects such as cross motion or even to structural damage. The vibration process modeling in advance could allow the structures design and production without extra margins of safety and therefore the final pr...

Unglazed transpired solar collectors (UTC) are simple and effective devices for applications such air heating, induced ventilation, crop drying etc. A numerical model for typical unglazed transpired collector is proposed with blackened plate exposed to the sun and circular holes on square pitch arrangement in no wind working conditions. The steady-state conservation of mass equation, momentum and energy equations were considered in order compute the air pressure and velocities, flow pattern and the total air heati...

Buldan region is almost 45 km from Denizli (Western Turkey) province. Terrestrial sedimentary units are deposited throughout the Denizli Basin in age from the Early Miocene to Present. The coals are located in Middle Miocene K?z?lburun Formation consisting of conglomerate, sandstone and mudstone lithologies. Coal samples were studied using standard total organic carbon (TOC) and kerogen pyrolysis analysis of the whole rock samples and organic petrographic methods. Average TOC content, S1 and S2 values of investiga...

The article presents the importance of abandoned quarries for the mosaic landscape structure. Five objects {and} their surroundings in a 100-m zone located in the Polish Western Carpathians were analysed in terms of plant communities, flora, physical and chemical parameters of soils, and diversity of relief. The objects, which were originally used for excavation of marls, were characterised by the largest differences in soil parameters between the quarry and the surroundings. Xerothermic vegetation was noted to ha...

Humus comprises one of the largest reservoirs of carbon on the Earth. Nevertheless, humus and humus-derived products have been utilized to a relatively small extent in industrial applications. This is in contrast to coal, which was the basis of much of the chemical industry in the latter part of the nineteenth and the early part of the twentieth century, and petroleum which is the major raw material for much of the present day chemical industry. The purpose of this paper is to document an ability of a humus-like m...

Unconventional energy sources have gained and will continue to gain a growing share of energy systems around the world, both because of the research effort and the political will involved in their development, and because of the price increase of energy obtained through traditional methods. In order to take advantage of the opportunities offered by the international energy transition process, Romania must undertake new directions for development in the energy sector. Conventional energy sources based on oil, coal ...

In the article regulation concept in the field of environmental protection existing in the Russia was considered. Practical implementation of environmental regulation of air, based on the application of maximum permissible concentrations of air pollutants for green spaces, was discussed. A comparative analysis of existing air quality indicators in Russia and in a number of foreign countries was made. The results of calculations of integral indicators of atmospheric air pollution in two large cities of the Russian ...

This work devoted to study in situ combustion processes of different crude oil. The crude oils from different field of Russian Federation were selected. Oxidation process in reservoir conditions (50 bar and 50 В°C) were studied for all crude oils. The combustion study was investigated by accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). This method is most suitable for studying the processes of oil oxidation in reservoir conditions. Arrhenius kinetic parameters were determined for crude oils. The correlations between API gravi...

This work devoted to study in situ combustion processes of crude oil at different pressures. The crude oils from Russian Federation were selected field. Oxidation process in reservoir conditions (50.7, 83.8, 101.2, 125.5 bars and 50 В°C) was studied for crude oil. The combustion study was investigated by accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). Arrhenius kinetic parameters were determined for crude oils. The correlation between reaction duration and initial pressure was found.

The largest amounts of air pollutants are produced by the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, lignite, petroleum, natural gas etc.). This results in an emission of huge amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere (carbon oxides (CO, CO2), sulfur oxides (SO2, SO3), nitro gen oxides (NOx), dust, ashes and soot and others. Significant share of the air pollution is communication, mainly wheeled transportation. Aviation contributes to the pollution of the stratosphere, which adversely affects the state of ozonsphere ...