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The principal disturbances created by blasting in open pit mines can be listed as ground vibrations, air blast and fly rock. All of them can, under some circumstances, cause damage to structures nearby, and can become the source of permanent conflict with the inhabitants living close to the operation site. Therefore, the prediction of ground vibration components is of great importance for the minimization of the environmental complaints. This paper presents the result of ground vibration measurements induced by be...

In the condition that drilling and blasting technique is inevitable depending on the rock mass and material characteristics on mining activities, the fragmentation rate and particle size distribution of the muckpile after blasting has important influences on the performance of subsequent mining activities such as loading, hauling, crushing, grinding etc. and the total costs of that mine. Drilling and blasting is an important step in this process chain and it’s results such as fragmentation, muckpile shape and lo...

In this study, the amenability of Akoluk (Ordu -Turkey) ore to the extraction of gold and silver by cyanide leaching was investigated. Mineralogical analysis of the ore has revealed the presence of native gold and a variety of minerals including barite, zinkenite, stibnite, orpiment, realgar, cinnober, pyrite and sphalerite. No silver was detectable under microscope suggesting that it could be present as occluded in minerals such as fahlerz, antimonite and zinkenite. Gold particles as 1-88 $\mu$m in size were obse...

A structural analysis on the used in processes of open cast mining formula is made and some functional dependences are deduced. This shows the relation between optimal speed on temporary rail ways and the productivity of mounding excavator – single – bucket and with many buckets.A structural analysis on the used in processes of open cast mining formula is made and some functional dependences are deduced. This shows the relation between optimal speed on temporary rail ways and the productivity of mounding excav...

Paste backfill is composed of a mixture of mine tailings, process and/or fresh water for the desired solid-water consistency and hydraulic binder to ensure a target mechanical resistance. This paper presents some studies undertaken on the strength development and deformation behaviour of paste backfill mixtures made from a Turkish zinc mine tailings. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the strength and deformation properties of paste mixtures with binder content ranging from 4 to 7 wt\% a...

Nickeliferrous laterite is a source of ferronickel alloy extracted by a pyro-metallurgical process. Laterite deposits found in Greece are mainly secondary depositions and their nickel content is about 1\%. Beneficiation of the run of mine ore is limited to the +1 mm fraction by magnetic or gravitational processes and its effect is rather unsatisfactory due to the insufficient liberation of the nickel bearing minerals. The mineralogical structure of the ore consists mainly of hematite nodules (pissoids) and quartz ...

In this study, diagnostic leaching and ultrafine grinding as pretreatment step ahead of two-stage cyanidation of KaletaЕџ ore were studied to shed light on the refractory characteristics of ore. The overall gold extraction of 93\% was achieved in two-stage cyanidation of ultrafinely ground ore suggesting the presence of readily recoverable gold (74\%) and slowly reacting gold (19\%) in the ore. Diagnostic leaching approach provided information into the cause of the refractoriness of the ore. The findings of diagno...

In this study, flotation concentration of Trabzon-KayabaЕџД± Massive Sulphide ore was investigated. The effects of particle size, reagent concentration (collector and depressant) and agitation speed on the recovery of copper were studied. The results have shown that the ore responded poorly to concentration by flotation with low efficiency of seperation of copper minerals from sphalerite and pyrite. Changing the flotation conditions i.e. decreasing particle size to >99\% passing 38 $\mu$m or increasing the concent...

The influence of temporary rail ways over transporting ability through the mining railway net in open cast mines is researched. A functional relation between optimal speed of temporary ways and the transporting ability is found.

As it is well known, the process of extracting from the underground the reserves of useful mineral substances by using mechanical methods had been extended mainly regarding the energetic coal a series of countries in the period of 1970 ? 1990, that generated many actions of conception and manufacturing of some specific equipments being remarked mainly Germany, England, Poland, ex - countries of Soviet Union, etc. The main idea consists in choosing and correlating dimensionally, capacitive and functionally some com...

In this material offers mechanical model that builds on the basic technological characteristics of the system rock – frictional pipe anchor bold (FPA). In the presentation, the anchor is divided on the modeling elements. Their size is determined from the physical model that describes combined anchor-rock system work. Key words: mechanical model, system anchor-rock, stress field

In this study, diagnostic leaching and ultrafine grinding as pretreatment step ahead of two-stage cyanidation of KaletaЕџ ore were studied to shed light on the refractory characteristics of ore. The overall gold extraction of 93\% was achieved in two-stage cyanidation of ultrafinely ground ore suggesting the presence of readily recoverable gold (74\%) and slowly reacting gold (19\%) in the ore. Diagnostic leaching approach provided information into the cause of the refractoriness of the ore. The findings of diagno...

For increasing the endurance of bucket wheel excavators’ teeth dipper, used in brown coal open pits from Oltenia, were made theoretic researches and experiments finalized with the accomplishment of new dippers and teeth more reliable and more cheeper, which are used according to mechanic characteristics of brown coal and dead-ground from the working faces.

The idea of underground coal gasification is connected with the name of Mendeleev 120 years ago. But its practical realization starts during the 30th years of the previous century and continues up to now. There is not any technical or technological problem to perform gasification as a method of processing hard household wastes. In combination with recycling of part of the wastes and utilization of gaseous products of gasification for energy production, this method could be very effective and attractive. If we supp...

Temporary rail ways in open cast mines influence by the accepted speed for the trains. They have influence on the most important indicator of heavy mining mechanization – the productivity of excavators – stope and mounding. This problem has been always underestimated because a priori has been accepted the dependence between the accepted speed and productivity. This research proves another type of functional dependence – fraction-lineal.

Mine backfill can be defined as the material or materials used for filling the underground openings created by the mining process in order to establish and retain safe working conditions. In this study, an overview of the current application of mining operations with paste backfill technology has been examined with a case study from an underground copper-zinc mine located in the northeast Turkey. Due to the elimination of the harmful mine tailings obtained from mill processing and hence the reduced rehabilitation ...

The influence of temporary rail ways over transporting ability through the mining railway net in open cast mines is researched. A functional relation between optimal speed of temporary ways and the transporting ability is found.

The Sabzevar ophiolite is a highly dismembered ophiolite complex located along the northern boundary of the Central Iranian Microcontinet (CIM) and is one of the internal groups of ophiolites and colored melange. The area has various lithological units that are the cause of Sabzevar colored melange zone. There are many chromite pods in the area but the high topography and mountainous condition and inability to trace the hidden lenses, many of them are not explored yet. A mathematical- genetic model could be helpfu...

The optimal numbers of runs of a train in open cast mine is one of the most important technical indicators, on which the work of rail transport in mines is evaluated. A functional dependence between the optimum number of runs of a train and the accepted speed on temporary rail ways in a mine is deduced.

All the specialists in open cast mines which are equipped with technological railway transport know that the transporting process has underlined optional character. This is based on several factors. One of them is the levels intensity of possibility of transportation process to be done without any exceptions. The report is on the principles, on which the levels of intensity can be defined.

Twelve of the numerous methodological problems are represented. They appear in the development of the automated systems for control of the mine works at open mines; if these problems are not reported the work of the system can be compromised partially of totally. Shortly those problems could be formulated as follows: 1.The mine is not considered like a system; 2.A management of the model; 3.Hierarchy of proposes and limitations; 4.The depot – a solution or a problem; 5.Attention: literally performance; 6.In prob...

During the last 20 years, the northern and central part of the Kat county has been affected by many landslides. Especially in very wet years many landslides of different volumes occurred. These mainly affected the rocks which are well known for being prone to slope movements of many types of sizes. The bedrocks of the study area are metabasalts and sedimentary series. These rocks are overlain by younger alluvium and debris materials. Monitoring during the last seven years has indicated that the slopes are still ac...

In this study, the geological features of the placers in the Aegean region of Turkey and possible processing options for the recovery of precious metals and industrial raw materials were examined. Industrial raw materials present in the placers and their potential for industrial uses were reviewed. A conceptual flow sheet for the production of a bulk concentrates to recover rutile, ilmenite, zircon, hematite, limonite, magnetite, cassiterite and gold contained in the placers concentrate was proposed. Quartz crysta...

Detailed geological and drilling investigations have shown KayabaЕџД± deposit, located in Trabzon-Turkey, has a resource of 590 000 tons ore containing 2.2\% Cu and 1029 kg Au. The ore body shows the characteristics of both massive- and stockworktype sulfide mineralization. In this study, mineralogical analysis and flotation tests were performed to determine the degree of liberation of sulfides and the optimum grind time for the massive ore samples. Covellite and chalcocite were identified as the main copper miner...

This paper summarises the results of the first phase of oil \& gas exploration of the B-Golitza Block. A revised geological framework will be presented, which puts the stratigraphy in a chronostratigraphic scheme, incorporating sequence stratigraphic architecture. Use of a chronostratigraphic framework for exploration of the block has enabled the exploration Play Elements to be identified and both their stratigraphic and aerial distribution to begin to be determined within an integrated methodology that incorporat...

A simple method for determination of bearing strength of weak floor strata in underground mines has been evaluated based on physical modeling approach, with regards to plate loading test conducted on simulated floor strata. This paper presents plate size effect on floor bearing strength of coal measures strata. Plate loading tests were carried out for varying size and shape of footing plates. The analysis was made for model scale footing. The load exerted by the plate on the floor strata was assumed to be uniforml...

About two decades ago, in the land field of Orisovo village, situated on the west side of the town of Chirpan, by means of probes with depth over 280 to 380m, Eocenic Red Clays with big concentration of iron were found. Their thickness is more than 200 – 250m, and their padding, with depth over 600m is not reached. The base clay mineral is ilit. The process of sedimentation took place in considerably small but deep ancient lake by almost desert climate, in the middle of Eocene.

At present, production activities in Can lignite basin, which is belonging to Turkish Coal Enterprise (TKE) are run for domestic purposes. Apart from domestic and industrial consumption, it is also possible to evaluate the Can Lignite Reserve at power plant for meeting energy demand. The aim of this study consists of production planning, mine design and make mine planning activities more efficient, more economic and minimize environmental problems. Involving in this project, Authors have investigated available dri...

After exhausting of the vein ores of ore zone No 1, the detecting of metasomatic ore beds in the eastern part of Eniovche deposit has prolonged the ore`s life. The analysis of the geologicstructural situation places in the first place lytological and structural factories for localization of the metasomatic ore bodies. The lytological factor is predetermined by the presence of marbles and amphybolites. Its role is additionally increased by the scarn processes , creating much better conditions for metasomatic replac...

Deforming processes in areas of geologic failures (tectonic faults, boundary zones of block structures etc.) have the singularities in comparison with those, flowing past on "quiet" sites of rock masses. The intensive assimilation of underground space in most cases reduces in a modification of structural organization of a mining massif. In turn development of new structures or "revival" old is accompanied by adjustments on growing or available faults and is exhibited as strains of a surface and seismic pushes (in ...