Browse

Wood-based materials belong to the popular and widely used materials in the building industry. For example, these plates can be easily used to create often complicated details. Not all wood-based materials are suitable for the proposed environment. The effect of mistaking the choice of the right wood-based material and its application to an inappropriate environment can then result in the destruction of the details of the particular part of the structure and thus often involves a considerable financial cost to rep...

The effective management of operating costs, processes and space utilization is one of the basic requirements of owners and possibly building operators. The effort is to optimize these costs in order to ensure the comfort and safety of the workers in the buildings while avoiding unnecessary waste of the basic operating media and the human workforce. This optimization deals with facility management, which can misinterpret different concepts in different countries of the world, as the facility management definition ...

The paper presents technology of monitoring a reinforced concrete pillar-connector of prefabricated walls. Prefabricated units made from a modified Polytech mortar containing expanded polystyrene derived from recycling were used to build a residential object. Reinforced concrete pillars that serve as wall connectors in Polytech system are load-bearing elements. In order to control the reinforced concrete connector of prefabricated walls under realistic conditions, a control technology was applied that involved int...

The parking platforms required for the operation of different industrial, service, goods storing and manipulating companies, inside boarding houses, hotels, stores, gas stations, etc., are continuously and quickly developing, in close line with the development of economic activities and the construction field. The technical solutions applied to realize the resistance structures for these surfaces are very diverse and, in several cases, do not include a proper resistance calculation according to the traffic intensi...

Together with clay and rocks, wood represents the oldest building material, used for developing the overall infrastructure, namely civil structures, road and bridge elements. Its use as critical building material is still wide spread worldwide, due to intrinsic qualities of wood as building material and also due to its availability, being generously offered by nature. Romania, despite of huge lacks of legislation and practical protection of forests and wood as strategic resource, still has important, high quality,...

The construction sector is one of the largest consumers of energy and non-renewable natural resources, but also an important increasing factor of global warming by producing greenhouse gases, especially CO2. In Europe, about 30% of CO2 emissions and 36% of all greenhouse gases emissions are a direct or indirect environmental consequences of the construction sector. In the sustainable development contex, the possibility of recycling, reuse and reintegration in nature, environmental protection and efficient manageme...

The paper focuses on the evaluation of the heat transfer coefficient, both by means of calculation models and based on measurements on the actual design. In their research, the authors evaluate the differences between the values of the heat transfer coefficients of the envelope constructions obtained by calculation based on the declared parameters of the building materials and the constructions made therefrom and the actual values of the heat transfer coefficients determined by the measurements on the already real...

A new joint configuration system has been developed to achieve a higher strength and ductility. The joint system consist of a reinforced concrete wall and a composite steel-concrete beam. The study aims for an experimental and a numerical part in a FEM program Abaqus 6.13. The program consist to reproduce the behavior of the joints and the materials variation. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the main parameters that affect the response on the contribution of the steel-concrete materials that influences ...

The cone heater is one of the primary sources of radiant heat in the field of fire protection. It is increasingly used not only for measurements related to building materials but also for other flammable objects, that may be exposed to heat radiation during their lifetime or during a fire. Such measurements are more specific in the case of electric cables. They can be exposed to heat individually or in bundles. Their positioning may be in the horizontal or vertical direction, with the latter prevails in real-life ...

In the fire statistics, electrical appliances are one of the main sources of fire. In such fires, the first ignited component is the insulation around wires and cables. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of isoperibolic heating (in the range of 200 ? 400 В°C and with a heat gradient of 10 K in 10 min) on fire resistance of electrical cable (which was modified by a fire-retardant) using a safety calorimeter SEDEX. The individual insulation layers of the sample were pre-ground and each layer was subseq...

Different types of materials are possible to use for waterproofing of green roofs. One of these materials is bitumen sheet. Two types of bitumen sheets are used for surface treatment when applied in the roof vegetative structure. In the part where the bitumen sheets are under the vegetation layer, a fine grain gritting is used. In the part of the roof, where the bitumen sheet extends to the surface (above the level) of the vegetation stratum and is exposed to UV radiation, the coarse grain gritting is used. Water ...

Present paper is focused on the development of high performance concrete (HPC) based on white Portland cement, which could be used for the production fa?ade panels. Various doses of silica fume, up to 40%, were incorporated into the studied mixtures, however investigated mixtures were designed to constant consistency. The half of samples was cured under specific hydrothermal conditions to obtain higher degree of hydration. Properties of studied HPC mixtures were evaluated predominantly in terms of mechanical prope...

How to use fermentation residues is a burden on many biogas plants. Incorporation into arable land remains the most common approach, although application costs represent approximately the same benefit for fertilization, despite the risk of soil formation and the associated degradation of the soil's ability to retain water. An alternative how to use spent dust is to re-enter into raw material of the biogas plant or a second alternative is to use dust coal as wall surfaces in the interior because of its sorption cap...

The article describes behavior of ternary gypsum-based composites, especially the changes of properties caused by the influence of moisture. The ternary mortars are composed from gypsum, hydraulic lime, different types of pozzolan and standard sand. Pozzolans in the mixture react with hydraulic lime and form CSH and CAH phases. Presence of these phases improves resistance of gypsum against the moisture. The way of samples storage affects the development of materials structure and properties of gypsum-based mortars...

Designing flat roofs has many issues and decisions. This can be, for example, the decision on how to close the flat roof. By default, roofs are terminated at the periphery by means of attics or by creating a so-called rigid edge of the roof. This paper focuses on the first option, and therefore the termination of the flat roof using the atics. The author is dealing with the findings with regard to the way the proposal is implemented and the subsequent realization of the details. As a major waterproofing layer, fil...

The paper proposes a new strategy against the global warming, which if applied on large scale is able to turn our cities into green oasis, decreasing their actual carbon foot-print and increasing their carbon offset. Our approach is to replace conventional roofs with integrated rooftop greenhouses IRTG, which are connected with the interior of the building by controlled flows of energy, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water. The main IRTG feature is the tight human-plant symbiosis ensured by a two flows ventilation sys...

This paper aims to provide an overview of the technologies for the use and implementation of phase change materials, in order to identify possible applications in energy efficiency, reducing energy losses and reducing carbon dioxide emissions, while at the same time bringing a contribution to identifying applications in passive house designs for reducing thermal bridges and providing heating and cooling requirements in extreme weather climates, as well as aspects regarding the integration of phase change materials...

Lately, the focus is on equipping the constructions with sensors for monitoring deformations and displacements, the most common measurement systems are arrays of accelerometers. Recent literature focuses on wireless and mobile technologies for transmitting data from such sensors, combining several systems and measurement methods. This paper analize the possibility of using the interferometric radar tehnology to determine the vibrations and deformations of works of art especially bridges. Terrestrial radar interfer...

The determination of bitumen dosages for asphalt mixtures using empirical or semi-empirical methods (the specific surface method being the most well-known) no longer meets national or international technical standards. Most countries require the use of methods for determining the optimum binder content by laboratory tests grouped, usually, on several levels according to the Marshall or Superpave mix design. Romanian technical standards in this field are European and national standards, which unequivocally impose w...

This article is focused on the issue of lightweighted plasters. Lightweighted plaster can contribute to the contemporary tendencies of higher thermal insulating abilities of all structural materials with sufficient mechanical characteristics. Two mixtures were designed with the lightweight expanded perlite aggregate. The first one contained only expanded perlite as aggregate, whereas in the second one, the plaster silica sand was used instead of one-half of the lightweight aggregate. Lime-based components with adm...

Presented in the article common forms of so called underspace (space under bridges, viaducts or flyovers) revival show that there are organizational and design solutions, thanks to which these kind of areas can be transformed to some extent in order to improve not only their functional program or esthetics, but also their specific and disadvantageous environmental conditions. In the article there are presented results of research concerning available and practically applied solutions within architectural and plann...

The original archaic buildings were not protected in any way from adverse external influences, resulting in degradation of structures and often the subsequent destruction of the entire building. People tried to protect the buildings and this led to that they invented plaster. The plaster, as a unique product of human activity, complements the surface of the building and impresses with its final appearance and often raises the aesthetic value of the whole building. Plasters are conditioned in the course of history ...

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) represents a high fluid homogeneous mixture, able to fill perfectly the formwork without any external mechanical action due to the flow capacity under its own weigh. The productions of SCC demands new mix design procedure, with different constituent dosage using similar components as vibrated concrete. It contains a larger amount of powder, which allows the use of industrial by-products such as limestone filler, fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, silica fumes and others. ...

Gypsum paste was subjected to the temperatures up to 1000 В°C and its microstructure was investigated by SEM microscopy. The volume and mass changes were also measured and the bulk density, porosity and residual strength were determined. After heating to the 1000 В°C the structure of paste changed substantially, as can be seen in the micrographs. The structure of heated material is denser and the anhydrite crystals are bigger. The volume of the samples decreased more than 50%. The bulk density increased by 20%, wh...

This paper deals with new trends in fire testing of electrical cables. At present, the most widely used tests of electrical cables are reaction to fire tests. The cable systems powering electrical devices which have to remain operational for a certain period of time under fire conditions are additionally subjected to circuit integrity maintenance testing. New trends in cable fire tests include tests of critical heat flux, testing the effect of cable inclination, current load, voltage and frequencies to the rate of...

Due to EU environmental legislation focused on the reduction of waste, all post-consumer tyres must be reused, retreated or recycled. Rubber derived from post-consumer tyres is utilised in a number of engineering applications, however the market solutions for steel components are still not discovered. The main objective of the research was to develop the method of the valuable steel tyre cord application in the construction sector. Studies were conducted on recycled fibres modified concrete properties to examine t...

Magnesium oxychloride (MOC) cement, also called Sorel cement is a type of non-hydraulic cement, formed by mixing magnesium oxide powder with magnesium chloride solution. It was developed in 1867, shortly after the invention of Portland cement. MOC cement has many properties superior to Portland cement including lower carbon emission, lower thermal conductivity, higher fire resistance and excellent bonding ability to a wide range of fillers. For these advantages, MOC cement has been conventionally used for making f...

Nowadays, traditional residential houses are not built anymore, with few exceptions, although they represent valuable assets from the heritage point of view and also an important part in our cultural identity. In addition, they can be regarded as a seismically resilient typology and also as a cheap construction due to the use of local materials and especially of self-workmanship. The construction details of traditional houses used to be done very carefully, but this habit got lost with time. In recent years, due t...

In Romania, most of the construction and demolition wastes are stored together with other categories of waste or industrial by-products. Landfilling takes large areas of valuable land, but also causes air, water, and soil pollution, increasing the importance of any valorization or recycling technology for these types of materials. The European strategy regarding recycling concerns prevention, reuse and recycling of waste. The main materials that can be recovered from construction and demolition waste are: excavate...

The purpose of this paper is to identify key factors of social enterprises towards green economy development, specifically in Kosovo?s green business field. It considers a new field of research which relates entrepreneurship in general and specifically addresses social enterprises/social enterprises as a new component of doing business in green economy field. Through this paper, research questions are related to the role that social enterprises play in economic development in Kosovo. The paper is built on the hypo...

In southern Algeria, energy consumption is inevitable due to the hot climate and the summer period, which extends for more than half a year, it is necessary to take a strategic approach to ensure the sustainability and maximum comfort while reducing energy through passive and active architectural. Forthis reason, to reduce this consumption, it is necessary to improve the performance of the building. As a result, windows and ventilation become key points to improve in terms of Losses. These two elements may be at t...

Renewable raw materials, including natural fiber sources, are the future of storage resources with a variety of positive effects on both the planet ecosystem and the living and working environment, and the energy consumption of delivering the required functionality. Noise reduction is a significant component in creating a professional and suitable work environment as open-plan offices have become a quintessential trend of the 21st century. The most common solutions in noise control include installation of noise ab...

The purpose of this paper is to study some mix design on different mortar mixtures whose results aim at obtaining high mechanical strengths, especially for flexural strength, with low water absorption, to prevent material degradation due to the action of various environmental factors and also to ensure their durability. From the category of cement additions widely used in the current practice due to their pozzolanic and hydraulic activity in latent condition, we refer to silica fume (SF) which is a mineral additio...

The parametric study carried out focuses on the impact of the type of glazing and its layout on the interior temperatures of a habitat. Different thicknesses, orientations and even different colors have been taken into account. The procedure for calculating the main parameters for the simulation and which correspond to each type of glazing is done via WINDOW7.3. Several simulations have been carried out for each case by EnergyPlus (dynamic simulation program of the building). Through the results of the simulation,...

The use of secondary resources and waste is the most important source of expanding the raw material base in the production of various building materials. Nowadays, there is an increased interest in technogenic industrial waste containing aluminum oxide, and in combination with technogenic materials containing sulfates, there is an increased interest, because their use makes it possible to obtain sulfoaluminate cements. The use of technogenic materials requires the carrying out of survey works both for the developm...

Correctly planning and designing are first steps and key aspects to achieve sustainable development, economic, social and environmental. Sustainable construction brings required performance on economic, social and cultural improvement. Sustainability in construction industry has more point of view. Building Information Modelling presents tool which meets the information requirement for sustainability design. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is one of the most progressive technology in construction field. BIM t...

Industrial sectors, including the building sector, started to recognize the impact of their activities on the environment in the 1990s. Significant changes were needed to mitigate the environmental impact of building sector. One option to reduce these negative effects is sustainable construction approach, which is starting already sustainable design of construction. Sustainable design of construction includes social, economic, and environmental indicators of construction projects. Waste management presents signifi...

This paper presents a joint research program conducted by the scientific contribution of Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) and the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca Romania aiming at developing sustainable Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) mixtures for using in concrete New Jersey barriers. The research program included an assessment on the fresh and hardened properties of: C25/30, C35/45, C40/50, and C50/60 strength classes of concrete mixtures to be used in the prefabrication of concrete ...

Ethanol dehydrogenation is commonly used as a process of production valuable products: acetaldehyde - the starting material for the synthesis of a large number of industrial chemicals such as acetic acid, acetate esters and hydrogen - attractive product for renewable energy. It is important also that alcohols produced from biomass (bio alcohols) can be considered as a renewable raw material. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of composition and synthesis method of Al-Zr-Ce-complex oxides with 5%...

This study focused on the synthesis and characterization of L-proline polymer composite that will be tested for mild steel corrosion protection. Poly(butylene succinate) extended with 1,6-diisocyanatihexane (PBS) and L-proline were utilized to the synthesis of poly(butylene succinate)-L-proline composite. Solution polymerization was used as the method to get the amorphous water soluble polymer composite; and was characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM. SEM-EDX of the polymerized composites was performed and the % count...

Applying sustainable development principles interferes with various spheres of human life. The greatest attention is paid to housing, transport, health protection, pollution, etc., i.e. areas noticeable by ordinary residents. Less emphasis is placed on the area of sustainable technical infrastructure. Minimum attention is paid to maintenance, operation, and repairs; and we may in this case often experience emergency maintenance only. Most operators and owners of the technical equipment have recently reported incre...

The paper describes a technology of controlling a prefabricated wall made of new material called Polytech used to produce prefabricated units. Prefabricated units made from a modified Polytech mortar based on expanded polystyrene derived from recycling were used to build a single-family residential building. Prefabricated elements are provided as wall panels. In order to control the prefabricated wall under realistic conditions, an innovative control technology was suggested that involved installation of a fiber B...

The paper describes technology of monitoring a joist slab used in a single-family residential building constructed in the Polytech system. Prefabricated units made from a modified mortar based on expanded polystyrene derived from recycling were used to manufacture building walls. The joist slab is based on prefabricated walls, by means of a reinforced concrete tie beam. In order to control the tie beam under realistic conditions, a monitoring technology was suggested that involved introducing fiber Bragg gratings ...

The paper shows selected results of the analysis of the number of people changes including periodical and long lasting staying of people at the room and the heat zones forming in some types of large-volume buildings. The possibilities of the use of those results in the green building design are considered.It is based on the research performed in the large-volume buildings, especially residential and sacral buildings. Here are some calculations of the changes of the people staying inside the building and its influe...

In the recent years, sustainable construction is increasingly popular, especially in terms of ecology and the inner climate. This predominantly concerns commercial office buildings in which the achievement of an adequate standard and inner climate of rooms is often the most important criterion for the customer renting the premises. The analyzed professional literature indicates that the costs borne by potential tenants, the owners of the buildings and the society as a whole, caused by adverse inner environment con...

Daylight controls our natural biorhythm, influences our mood, has an important effect on how we feel and has an essential role in creating a healthy workplace. In most cases, daylight is not enough for reach the levels of illumination appropriate to the normal operation and we use artificial light. Incorrect lighting affects people's comfort, can lead to physical fatigue (especially eye fatigue) and reduced intellectual performance, especially when high concentration is needed. The implementation of lighting syste...

This paper focuses on a study regarding the use of waste in constructions: such as blast furnace slag from ironworks, as a by-product of the iron oxide reduction reactions by carbon monoxide resulting from coke burning. The slag is used in cement-based mortar mixtures under two forms: as granulated and ground slag powder under 63 ?m and non-granulated slag as an 0/4 mm aggregate resulting from solid slag, processed in crushing equipment and then sorted according to the standards on mortar and concrete aggregates. ...

Nowadays, raised awareness about the importance of sustainability and also the environmental impact of using concrete in the construction industry has led to numerous studies on how to create an environmental friendly material, with self-cleaning properties and how to possibly use it in urban areas and to ensure a cleaner environment and reduce maintenance costs. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) is the air pollutant which is directly responsible for the air pollution due to smog, smoke, vehicle emission, etc. The self cleanin...

The content of paper is theoretical case study of family house where the impact of night pre-cooling on operative temperature is analysed. The living space under pitched roof was selected for case study purposes. There are compared two types of building constructions. On the one hand side there is the wooden lightweight construction and on the other hand side there is the heavyweight construction made of reinforced concrete. The mechanical ventilation system provides for the required air change rate in living spac...

Sustainable Development Strategy is a policy established for the purpose of environmental protection. The strategy includes several policies which can be applied to designing, construction or building materials. The idea of performance concept states that one should optimize the amount of waste products in building materials. Such materials should meet all the requirements and standards, simultaneously being innovative and cost efficient. Waste products, acquire from various industrial process, must be properly di...