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The Varna lake is connected with Varna bay (situated in the north – west part of the Black Sea with two channels).The lake has a strategic role in the economy of Varna city. This determine the interest and necessity from investigation of changes in it hydrological and hydrobiological conditions. The variations of this parameters in the lake ecosystems is provoke from antropogenical influence ( particulary the effect of heat pollution from coastal electric power stations). During the last 10 years, thermo-electri...

The main principles and methods of interactive education are discussed. The requirements to this approach of educational process are formulated. The differences between practical training and learning process are discussed. Based on these principles there are shown the examples for deductive education on processing stages in digital image processing and digital photogrammetry. Main attention is pointed to the initial data collection for purposes of inner orientation, image calibration and relative orientation of s...

Low concentration of chlorinated aliphatic compounds may be found in wastewater and contaminated soils from different industrial sources and in the air arisen from these type sources. Low levels of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)’s could be removed by adsorption, incineration or biofiltration methods. These methods have some disadvantages with low removal efficiency or high operation cost. Chlorine has been removed from the chlorinated aliphatic compounds by biological methods at anaerobic conditions. The aim o...

This paper deals with the removal of copper from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) compost using Na2EDTA and a mixture of Na2S2O5 and Na2EDTA in the batch mode. At the end of extraction studies, for 3 hours at 1:25 solid:liquid ratio by using 0.05 M Na2EDTA, 100\% removal yield was obtained for Cu. 100\% heavy metal removal yield was obtained with 0.01 M Na2EDTA and 0.1 M Na2S2O5, at 1:6 solid:liquid ratio, for Cu in this study.

Problem about the directions for improving the healthy and safe work conditions during the execution of explosion duties is put into attention in this article. It is about the assessment for the enabled risks during operation with the explosion duties and the necessity of using some precautions and actions for averting, decreasing, and limiting their existence or inventing a protection towards them.

The world’s 65\% or 70\% oil reserves are concentrated sedimentary basins in the Gulf States (Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE and Qatar) of the Middle East. Gulf States producers accounted for 24.7 \% of the world oil supply in 2005 and this share of supply will grow to 51,8 \% in 2030. However, the Middle East has a multitude of oil exploration and production problems closely interlinked to each other and originating from regimes problems, market problems, technology and know-how transfer obstacles. Oil s...

In the region of Botanical Garden, BAS, Sofia, gravimetry measurements for research of the landslide processes with static gravimeter LaCoste \& Romberg G1059 are made in two epochs - 2003 and 2005. In the present paper the method of measuring, processing and analysis of the results is presented. Digital models of Bouguer anomaly, direction of gradient on Bouguer anomaly and 3D presentation of surfaces of Bouguer anomaly between two epochs are made. Conclusions about the landslide state are drawn on the basis of t...

Noise is defined as unwanted sound and one of the threatening factors for human health. Noise effects on human health psychological, physiological and mentally such as interference with communication, hearing loss, sleep disturbance, stress, annoyance, effects on performance. Road traffic is one of the most important noise sources in residental areas. Subsource of the road noise are engine noise, tyre/road noise and aerodynamic noise. The level of noise from traffic is correlated with the traffic flow rate, the sp...

This paper present a geophysical investigation performed for the Bakhtiary dam site in Iran. As it has been designed with 330 meter high, this dam would be the highest dam in the world. In the context of engineering seismology, seismic tomography may be relevant in problems where seismic refraction is currently used. Both of these techniques aim to detect subsurface velocity. In Bakhtiary dam site we used seismic refraction, tomography and borehole seismic tomography methods. For refraction seismic method Geotomo ...

Mine design is dependent upon two categories of data as layout and operations. Layout data are related mainly with the geomechanical and geometrical properties of ore and rock masses. This group of data has an effect to define the geometrical variables of the layout and the operating characteristics of the possible system. Mine design processes suffer mainly from obtaining reliable and adequate data. Operational research methods have been extensively assisted by design engineers to overcome the difficulties relate...

Surface faulting and distribution of surface deformation caused by the Chirpan (M6.8) and Plovdiv (M7.0) earthquakes that occurred on 14 and 18 April 1928, respectively, were used with the scope to determine the distribution of slip and confirm the fault geometry. We assumed smooth fault geometry, based on previous studies, and a standard dislocation model. The faulting zone comprises several fault segments with different slip on each of them. For structurally complex areas like our study area the best model may b...

The method for exploiting the coal layers by using the crazing and submitting the roofs of the mining works from the underground is an alternative applied on large scale into the brown coal mines from the main coal basin Jiu Valley situated into the S-W of Romania. The technology of individual supporting – by using the open circulation hydraulic props together with the linked metallic bars with blocking bolts and wedges, assume some great physical efforts and the factor of working security is not totally assured...

The principal disturbances created by blasting in open pit mines can be listed as ground vibrations, air blast and fly rock. All of them can, under some circumstances, cause damage to structures nearby, and can become the source of permanent conflict with the inhabitants living close to the operation site. Therefore, the prediction of ground vibration components is of great importance for the minimization of the environmental complaints. This paper presents the result of ground vibration measurements induced by be...

We took into consideration aspects regarding the physiology at two species of wooden angiosperms cultivated in sites from industrial area of Borzesti, Bacau District: Populus tremula L. and Tilia tomentosa Moench., during their ontogenetic cycle. We also talked about aspects related to some special biochemical and physiological parameters (dry matter content and assimilating pigments content). The researches of vegetal physiology have used classical methods of investigation. The negative influence of air pollutant...

In this paper a total of seven samples (a river sediment, two surface soil samples, and four surrounding rocks) from the Pangaion area, Northern Greece, were collected and analyzed for their content in 10 major (Al, Ca, Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S, and Si) and 32 trace elements (Ag, As, B, Ba, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hg, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Y, Zn, and Zr). The sampling was based on the major geomorphological processes of the area. The two soil samples are typical of the...

In the condition that drilling and blasting technique is inevitable depending on the rock mass and material characteristics on mining activities, the fragmentation rate and particle size distribution of the muckpile after blasting has important influences on the performance of subsequent mining activities such as loading, hauling, crushing, grinding etc. and the total costs of that mine. Drilling and blasting is an important step in this process chain and it’s results such as fragmentation, muckpile shape and lo...

In this study, the amenability of Akoluk (Ordu -Turkey) ore to the extraction of gold and silver by cyanide leaching was investigated. Mineralogical analysis of the ore has revealed the presence of native gold and a variety of minerals including barite, zinkenite, stibnite, orpiment, realgar, cinnober, pyrite and sphalerite. No silver was detectable under microscope suggesting that it could be present as occluded in minerals such as fahlerz, antimonite and zinkenite. Gold particles as 1-88 $\mu$m in size were obse...

In our days more and more people focus they attention towards the problems of environment and the living conditions since the Earth is a very rich reservoir of natural resources which ensure life. Around the world people demonstrate for and demand that the substances which destroy the environment shouldn’t be used anymore. It is well known fact that the territory of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reservation is permanently subjected to a large quantity of domestic waste resulting from the activities of exploitation ...

Each of the spatial methods provides data in a different and a unique way for the three main geodetic directions: geometry of the Earth – coordinates of points and deformation; orientation and rotation of the Earth; gravity field as well as its variations. One of these methods, which is the most accurate and hopeful nowadays, is the Very Long Baseline Interferometry. In this paper it is gone into the technique of VLBI and its applications, mainly in geodesy and geodynamics. It is made an analysis of the motion o...

The concept of constructing the industrial wastes storage in the rooms after salt mining in the „Polkowice-Sieroszowice” mine, which is currently considered by KGHM POLSKA MIEDZ S.A., would allow for disposing about 50 000 tons of wastes per year. These wastes are arduous for the environment and at present there are not other methods of their utilization than just storing them in the surface waste management facilities. These wastes have physical, chemical and toxic properties allowing to store them undergroun...

The changes of hydro-climatic characteristics have effect on surrounding. The problems in the river Bregalnica basin (Eastern part of the Republic of Macedonia) are the result of abundant rainfalls and long drought periods. Observing and understanding the hydro-climatic effects may provide good estimate in several fields (agriculture, management of water resources and civil engineering). Visualization of data on the hydro-climatic changes in the river basin provides a good forecast. Time Series of rainfalls and te...

Multivariate analysis is one of the base stage in heavy geochemical prospecting (heavy mineral study). Factor and clustering analysis identify different type of mineralization and the relation between minerals in studied area. But in these methods for each mineral it is necessary to be at least 10 valid samples. Therefore some minerals can’t be analyzed by such methods and we miss some minerals in multivariate analysis and can’t identify the relation between these minerals and others. Jaccard coefficient can b...

Using static and dynamic structures compares the possibilities for a short record of large matrices by using static and dynamic structures. The algorithms for solving linear systems and the ways for short record of the matrices used in them are observed. Special ways for presenting matrices as packages and the efficiency of the algorithms when realized with the help of dynamic and static structures are described. Examples of realized program systems are shown when analyzing geodesic data.

ATLAS DMT software contains a set of suitable application tools. One of them is the EROZE tool (Erosion), which allows the calculation of the long-term loss of soil from the area i.e. soil lost. The EROZE tool uses for the calculation a quantity effect of water erosion caused lost soil, so called universal equation (Wischmeier - Smith). It is possible to combine the EROZE tool with the other application modules of the ATLAS DMT software, therefore it offers a lot of the possibilities for the practical utilization....

A structural analysis on the used in processes of open cast mining formula is made and some functional dependences are deduced. This shows the relation between optimal speed on temporary rail ways and the productivity of mounding excavator – single – bucket and with many buckets.A structural analysis on the used in processes of open cast mining formula is made and some functional dependences are deduced. This shows the relation between optimal speed on temporary rail ways and the productivity of mounding excav...

The flyrock from blasting operations can harm, damage or expose the workers of a particular worksite or the dwellers of a wider area of extractive activities (quarry, mine, construction site) to damage risks; in some cases even death might be caused, too. There are certain and different ideas and theoretical approaches regarding the evaluation of causes and the implementation of flyrock prevention measures to be taken, as well. This implementation, however, in practice requires a more delicate and rather professio...

Paste backfill is composed of a mixture of mine tailings, process and/or fresh water for the desired solid-water consistency and hydraulic binder to ensure a target mechanical resistance. This paper presents some studies undertaken on the strength development and deformation behaviour of paste backfill mixtures made from a Turkish zinc mine tailings. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the strength and deformation properties of paste mixtures with binder content ranging from 4 to 7 wt\% a...

General environmental problems generated during blast activities in open pit mining are ground vibrations, air pressure, fly rock, dust and poisonous gases and fumes. In some cases, these problems can be the source of some continual disagreements (fear, right and unrighteous complaints, etc.) on inhabitants living close to a blast-based production in a quarry as well as damage on the buildings situated nearby. In this study, the ground vibrations produced by blasting operations performed at a limestone quarry were...

Regional development problems constitutes in present days, one of the major issues of European Union activity. As consequence, a country which strives to the European Union member statue must integrate in the spirit of European realities, showing an outstanding interest to prepare its ground in the spirit of Union’s requirements for her member’s countries, developing a coherent and active regional policy. Therefore the work follows to identify the main action directions of European Union regarding the regional...

After a period of more than four decades of centralized management, Romania has decided to return to local autonomy principle, in this way transferring major and concrete responsibilities to the local administration. Currently 17 municipalities, each with more than 150.000 inhabitants, have benefited from capital investment programs financed mainly by EU and IFI for rehabilitation of their water and wastewater infrastructure. In Romania, out of 263 urban localities, around 230 are considered small and medium-sized...

The transport represents one of the main sides of the mining technological process, the preponderance of the expenses of this activity reported to the expenses for producing a tone of useful mineral substance extracted from the underground reaching almost 40\%. A good transport system presumes to assure a permanent continuity with passive time cycles having minimum values and functioning in well correlated cascade dimensionally and capacitive speaking. It’s obvious that a transport flow is performing if starting...

Nickeliferrous laterite is a source of ferronickel alloy extracted by a pyro-metallurgical process. Laterite deposits found in Greece are mainly secondary depositions and their nickel content is about 1\%. Beneficiation of the run of mine ore is limited to the +1 mm fraction by magnetic or gravitational processes and its effect is rather unsatisfactory due to the insufficient liberation of the nickel bearing minerals. The mineralogical structure of the ore consists mainly of hematite nodules (pissoids) and quartz ...

This study analyzes the possibilities of anchorage and reform of a sterile deposition resultant from copper mining activities from around the Brad-Romania mining area. Because this sterile deposition is out of service from about 8 years, the solutions we had to propose according to work of biologic recultivation must stabilized the sterile deposition. After consolidation the danger of rain and snow melting waters will diminish. The main purpose is to avert pollution of area environment factors and concurrently acc...

In this study, diagnostic leaching and ultrafine grinding as pretreatment step ahead of two-stage cyanidation of KaletaЕџ ore were studied to shed light on the refractory characteristics of ore. The overall gold extraction of 93\% was achieved in two-stage cyanidation of ultrafinely ground ore suggesting the presence of readily recoverable gold (74\%) and slowly reacting gold (19\%) in the ore. Diagnostic leaching approach provided information into the cause of the refractoriness of the ore. The findings of diagno...

In this study, flotation concentration of Trabzon-KayabaЕџД± Massive Sulphide ore was investigated. The effects of particle size, reagent concentration (collector and depressant) and agitation speed on the recovery of copper were studied. The results have shown that the ore responded poorly to concentration by flotation with low efficiency of seperation of copper minerals from sphalerite and pyrite. Changing the flotation conditions i.e. decreasing particle size to >99\% passing 38 $\mu$m or increasing the concent...

The cartographical projections are the representations of the terrestrial surface on different projection plans that can bew cylinder and con. The important problem for representing these projections is to reduce the characteristic deformations of each projections. The problem that is analyzed refers to an assessment of the points transpositions from a sphere surface on a plane in conditions of maximum efficiency.

Criteria for assessment of geodetic networks, measurements and digital territory models are discussed in the paper. Methods for accuracy verification and actuality verification of planned geodetic networks with local use, cadastral plans and maps situation and their digital models are shown with examples. Technology for geodetic networks and measurements accuracy assessment is offered.

The subjects of deformation monitoring are either natural objects such as ground deformation due to mining exploitation, withdrawal of oil or underground water, active tectonic plate boundaries, glacier movements etc., or the man-made objects such as dams, bridges, tunnels and other complex engineering structures. The results of deformation monitoring are directly relevant to the safety of human life and environment protection. The bridges are very important subjects in the field of infrastructure management. Stab...

People have always used metals and minerals and products made from or with minerals in a nearly infinite number of ways. With the increase in population and real per capita income, the demand for mineral commodities is likely to rise in the future.Mineral Processing in the mining industry can be defined as the economic recovery of a valuable commodity from a mineral deposit. Mineral processing operations produce significant amounts of solid and liquid wastes. As the quality of mineral deposits diminishes, raw mate...

In this work the main goal is to design and develop a expert system, with special focus on water management and quality. It is remarkable the high quantity of information and knowledge patterns implicit in large databases coming from the monitoring of any system or dynamical environmental process. For instance, historical data collected about meteorological phenomena in a certain area, about the performance of a wastewater treatment plant, about characterizing environmental emergencies (toxic substances wasting). ...

Considering the benefits of intensive agriculture in our time and the negative impact of chemical fertilizers and pesticides against the environment, usage of PGPR (plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria) like biofertilizers is one of the most promising biotechnology used for growing the primary production with less quantity of chemical fertilizers. The usage of PGPR may be an alternative to organic fertilizers and can reduce the pollution and preserve the environment in the spirit of practicing an ecological agricul...

“The Black Sea Coastal Way Rehabilitation Project” which started seven years ago in order to relief in traffic flow in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey and presently continues to complete their constructions. The project involves the rehabilitation and shortening of the present motorway and hence the construction of new tunnels and riprap material for filling the sea are required in some places. This paper involves one of the blast based tunnel excavations, which is performed for “Yoroz Tunnel” situa...

The basic geodesic activities in the preparation of the Project “Reconstruction and Electrification of the Railway Line Plovdiv – Svilengrad – Greek/Turkish Border” have been described. The problems in the development of the working geodesic base, creation of a three-dimensional model, cadastral map, and the detailed structural layouts of the territory in question have been discussed. Specific attention has been paid to the procedures in changing the purpose of the agricultural and forestry territories and...

The methods and compose geodesic Database from creating available structures are discus. The describe methods and realization structures and them programs decision are defined. The examples at resalable program systems for menage and analyses geodesic database are showing.

Existing conditions, aims and tasks of investigation and geodetic methods is described. Obtained displacements for the period 1966-2004 are analyzed. Corresponding conclusions are drawn.

In this paper it is presented the basically geodetic methods for defining and following of land movements and land slide. The classic geodetic method anticipates defining of horizontal and vertical deformation in some points buried in the body of land slide. The deformation is defining with precision angular and linear measurements and with precision leveling from stabile points of primary geodetic nets (the microtrigonometric and the level net). The terrestrial photogrametry is used in the defining deformation of...

Choghart iron ore deposit is located 13 kilometers northeast of Bafq and 120 kilometers east of Yazd. In order to model the deposit and estimate its reserve, 331 input data gained from 125 boreholes were used. Iron grade was selected as the major regional variable on which the present research has focused. All of the available data were changed to two-meter composites so that statistical equalization could be reached. Studies indicated that Fe input data had single - population characteristics and obeyed a natural...

A hydrochemical study is conducted in the Faria basin / NE of the West Bank to define water types and to determine hydrochemical parameters of the aquifer system. More than 150 water samples were analysed, which covered all springs and wells. The physical and chemical properties were determined. The major cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+ and the major anions HCO3-, Cl-, SO42- and NO3- were analysed. The minor constituents of SiO2, F-, Br- and PO43- and the trace elements Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, Cr, Zn and Pb were determined...

When working on a GIS project or developing a Web application an alternative and cost-effective way to distribute these data to users is to use ArcWeb Services. It is a delivery system, which reduces costs of spatial data maintenance and data storage and enables easy access to up-to-date data. The paper describes the setting up of an interactive map server of Slovenian geological spatial data using ArcIMS implementation (ESRI program package). In the last decade numerous geological data of more than 40 different g...

This paper presents investigation of the environmental effects of ground vibration and air blast induced by blasting in various quarries located at Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Within the scope of this study, scaled distance components have been recorded for two shots at the BeЕџparmak Company, two shots at the G\"urdaДџ Company, one shot at the Levent Mosaic Company and one shot at the ArpalД±klД± Company, totally 6 shots at different times. And also, ground vibrations and air blasts produced by these sho...