Browse

An actual problem of the bread making industry is represented by the final properties of the desired product. This fact requires a well knowledge of the technological process, the properties of the flour used, the proportions and the dough mixing method, factors that contribute to the desirable properties of the final products. This study aims at comparing the two basic methods of dough obtaining ? the direct method and the indirect method, with direct reference to the dough improved with lentil flour in addition ...

The Reactor Building NPP is a unique structure and has a complex nature of interaction with the soil foundation of various types. The complex nature of interaction is primarily due to the high load (approximately 0.6 MPa), behavior of the foundation slab as a fully rigid stamp, large load transmission area (6400 m2), and a long period of the building operation (at least 80 years). The main characteristic that describes interaction between the building and the soil foundation is the settlement whose maximum values ...

The tanning industry aims at converting the raw hide or skin (a putrescible material) into leather. At each ton of raw hides results 200-250 kg leather, while the untanned solid waste as organic fractions is around 500-600 kg. According to the EU policies on Green and Circular Economy the Action Plan covers the whole cycle: from production and consumption to waste management and use of secondary raw materials. In contrast with the traditional, linear ?extract-transform-use-dispose? economy model, the circular mode...

The tanning industry aims at converting the raw hide or skin (a putrescible material) into leather. At each ton of raw hides results 200-250 kg leather, while the untanned solid waste as organic fractions is around 500-600 kg. According to the EU policies on Green and Circular Economy the Action Plan covers the whole cycle: from production and consumption to waste management and use of secondary raw materials. In contrast with the traditional, linear ?extract-transform-use-dispose? economy model, the circular mode...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the structural, physical and biochemical features of Prunus spinosa fruits harvested from different locations in the N-E region of Romania. Fruits samples have been analysed through specific techniques and methods of the light microscopy. For the comparative description of the epi- and mesocarp from harvested fruits, measurements for specific parameters were made using the Minitab 18 software. Physical and biochemical parameters analysed were: the height of the fruit; the diamet...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the structural, physical and biochemical features of Prunus spinosa fruits harvested from different locations in the N-E region of Romania. Fruits samples have been analysed through specific techniques and methods of the light microscopy. For the comparative description of the epi- and mesocarp from harvested fruits, measurements for specific parameters were made using the Minitab 18 software. Physical and biochemical parameters analysed were: the height of the fruit; the diamet...

Applying iterative techniques to relatively simple ventilation networks, involves a considerable volume of mathematical calculations. For systems encountered in practice, the iterative methods become impracticable if the repeated calculations are to be performed manually. Computers can provide help in calculating mesh correction factors, respectively in calculating the branch flow rates. However, the number of iterations to be applied, along with organizational arrangements for mesh selection and network upgrading...

At present, the monitoring of forest areas is a national requirement. The importance of protecting forests in mitigating climate change is well known. On the other hand, the economic aspects involving the efficiency of forest management imply correlation with the growing demand for wood on the market. From this point of view, the inventory and the evaluation of the rate of growth and yield of forest areas is extremely important. Estimating the growth rate per unit of hectare and the level of production of wooded a...

The quality of water sources used for drinking water production is highly varied. Many problems arise in groundwater due to the content of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. Thei presence of its in water affects the organoleptic properties, in disosolved form the hydrogen sulphide confering undesirable taste and irritating rotten egg smell which make it unpalatable. Ingestion of sulphides through drinking water can result in stomach discomfort, nausea and vomiting. Ammonia in concentration above 1.5 mg/L can cause odou...

The results of refractory sorption tailings biooxidation and gold extraction from are presented. Selected of a representative sample and the phase composition of sorption tailings of the gold extraction plant LLP В«Altyntau KokshetauВ» was studied. According to the research it was found that the composition of the test sample contains Au-3.24 g/t; Ag ? 2.1 g/t. The content of sulphide minerals is 32%, when the main sulfides are arsenopyrite 22.7% and pyrite 9%.A large part of gold, which is about 68.9%,is able in ...

Chitosan is a natural polymer very widespread in the animal world, particularly in marine organisms. This biopolymer has three reactive groups in each glycoside unit of the polymeric chain: an amino group and two hydroxyl groups, which determine its characteristics. Between these groups, the most important is the amino group, which is responsible for the cationic nature of biopolymer and which gives its biological properties, as well as certain physical - chemical characteristics, such as solubility (at pH = 6 ? 6...

This study has its aim to compare the performance of modern structured and unstructured catalysts in a dry reforming of methane (DRM). DRM is used to obtain a mixture of H2 and CO with almost equal fractions of both products, which is subsequently used in synthesis of some chemical valuable products. The kinetic scheme for tungsten carbide (WC) catalyst was taken from the literature. Using the experimental data for a fixed bed catalyst, we have fitted the parameters of the kinetic scheme of DRM on WC catalyst. The...

In the current work, a series of poly(sodium acrylate)-co-acrylamide (polyNaA-co-AAm/pectin and polyNaA-co-AAm/bentonite) superabsorbent composites were prepared using pectin, bentonite, acrylamide and acrylic acid (AA) in the presence of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm) as cross-linker and a mixture of ammonium persulfate and TEMED as initiator. The structure and sorption capacity of the developed composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), voltammetry and UV-visible spectro...

Rehabilitation techniques ?weld toe grinding? and ?WIG remelting weld toe? have an beneficial influence on the increase of the fatigue life of welded structures by reducing the stress concentrators at the intersection between filler and base material. This stress concentrators reduction is achieved by increasing the radius of the connection between those two elements of the welded joint, horizontal and vertical plates. From those two techniques mentioned above, the technique that causes the greatest fatigue life i...

Variable stresses where the load value varies between a maximum and a minimum value, or varies the position in time, cause after accumulating a large number of load cycles in those structures, the fatigue failure. Fatigue is characterized by failure on values of the applied stress from the load cycles, below the material yield, values which in case of static stress would not have caused problems. Knowing that the variable stressed structures are sensitive to stress concentrators, the paper aims is to highlight the...

Manuscript is devoted to comparative analysis of digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from data collected on the city road interchange of the Almaty by different methods. Nowadays this is an actual theme for the Almaty city, as the growing metropolitan area. Specifically, there is a traffic flow increase every year, and therefore it is necessary to solve the problem of the city?s road load by building new city road interchanges with greater capacity, at the same time, and to increase efficiency of existing road...

The analysis of bottom sediment quality is an important yet sensitive issue. The anthropological influences (i.e., urban, industrial and agricultural activities) as well as the natural processes (i.e., changes in precipitation amounts, erosion and weathering of crustal materials) degrade surface water quality and impair its use for drinking, industrial, agricultural, recreational and other purposes. Due to spatial and temporal variations in water chemistry, a monitoring program that provides a representative and r...

All building materials contain more or less natural radioactivity. The recycling of waste by-products, nowadays, gaining more and more importance, research on that kind of materials is being carried out and such materials are utilized as additives in the production of special mortars in many countries. As radiation of terrestrial origin in buildings does not only originate from the soil, but also from the used building materials, a greater absorbed dose rate can be measured within buildings. EU technical guidance ...

The paper deals with comparison of selected capacity calculations for roundabouts used in the Czech Republic. Some traffic engineers use the qualitative methods based on Germany methodology HBS, but some ones still use the quantitative methods for capacity assessment of roundabouts. The quantitative methods are based on the traffic volumes on entries and circulatory roadway of roundabout and they usually use an array of coefficients which represent next roundabout parameters. The qualitative methods are also based...

An explosion occurred at the ammunition storage depot in Padjene, Croatia, on 13 September 2011, caused by a fierce forest fire. The depot was totally destroyed and unexploded ordnance left scattered around it. A digital surface model and highresolution georeferenced ortho-mosaic were produced to monitor the cleared site of the former depot for remaining explosive devices and other waste generated by the explosion. Airborne image collection in 2015 covered the Padjene depot and vicinity with very high-resolution i...

Complex of researches (chemical, mineralogical, X-ray phase, rare-earth, isotopic analyses) of volcanogenic-sedimentary rocks, composing basal horizon of the Osipayskaya formation of the Carnian stage in the middle course of Lena river ((Bulkur anticline) (Grakhanov, Smelov 2010, Proskurin et al, 2012), where diamonds of V and Vii variety according to L.Y. Orlov classification, was performed. Granite, ilmenite, spinellide, rutile are identified in rocks among minerals of heavy fraction. According to X-ray phase an...

The article deals with the problem of embedded computing systems testing and debug. The embedded systems design process, actual problems and existing solutions are analyzed from this perspective. The method of testing and debug based on model-oriented record and replay of the computational process is proposed, as well as the corresponding specification model for real-time computational processes. The specification model is a modified control flow graph. The key advantage of the proposed method is an abstract defin...

Modern tendency for cities development in suburb areas for civil, commercial, and industrial use is one of the reasons for constructions in territories that are not fully suitable for this purpose. It leads to changes in the stressed-strained state (SSS) of soil bases which may result from the damage or destruction of buildings constructed on the territory, that is significant financial and material losses in future. In order to determine the stability and reliability of different structures the term of their oper...

The aim of the current research is to present an actual and overall picture of the arsenic (As) contamination of the soils in the Bulgarian part of the Danube floodplain between the Timok River and the Vit River including the following lowlands: Bregovo-Novoselska, Vidinska, Archaro-Orsoiska, Dolnotsibarska, Kozloduyska, Ostrovska and Chernopolska. One sampling campaign was carried in October 2017. The concentrations of As (mg/kg) were measured in <0.063 mm size fractions of 102 soil samples (56 samples from 0-20 ...

Small kettle holes filled with water are commonly found objects in damp lowland landscape. Their location within an agricultural and forest area may cause, irrespective of the land use, the enrichment in biogenic substances. Deficiency of data about the phosphorus and nitrogen content in the sediments of small water bodies, which makes the discussion of this subject more difficult and restricting it only to large water reservoirs. The chemistry of the surface layer of bottom sediments (organic matter, phosphorus, ...

The management system of technological processes at open pits is a system for planning and managing mining and transport operations and includes such types of planning as perspective, current and operational. The most difficult to implement and requiring the highest degree of accuracy, and also the most responsible is the shift operational planning. This stage is also characterized by the fact that it requires maximum interconnection and co-ordination of mining planning and management systems. Within the scope of ...

This paper deals with the evaluation of the hydrogeological hazard in the archaeological site of Castelseprio (northern Italy). Based on the geological, hydrogeological and geomorphological setting of the site, the failure modes and their causative factors were identified, and a proper conceptual model was reconstructed, identifying piping processes as the main phenomena ruling the slopes evolution and the landslides triggering. Afterwards, the hydrogeological hazard was assessed applying numerical modelling both ...

Effective territorial organization of Moscow and the rational use of its territory are impossible without taking into account the natural component of the city as well as the properties and potential of the landscape complexes that integrate all natural features in specific areas. The formation of the ecological framework of the city is particularly important. It should be a single system of interrelated and complementary components that make up a single environmental space: habitat-forming cores (junctions), ecol...

Establishing of pore fluids pressure is one of the critical challenges encountered in the formations opening in drilling. Pores fluids pressure evaluation through geophysical methods involves live recordings of the collector parameters using LWD (Logging While Drilling)/MWD (Measurements While Drilling) techniques. Empirical relationships of the dependence of pore pressure and the measured parameters use exponents whose values are accepted as constant. These exponents were determined on the basis of experimental d...

The forecast of a convective situation is achieved not only through the analysis of the synoptic situation as well as with the help of instability indicators. These are determined either by means of data obtained from aerologic surveys or by using numerical models. The data presented in the paper are obtained using the model ALADIN (Aire Limit?e Adaptation Dynamique D?veloppement InterNational) model. Run instability indicators were KI, TTI (Total Totals Index) and CTI (Cross Totals Index) CAPE and MOCON. The anal...

One of the most essential tools to protect nature, environment and biodiversity is to ensure the proper policy and environmental legislation in the creation of protected areas. Nowadays, green economy and environmentally friendly technologies play a major role for sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed picture of the Romanian policy and environmental legislation regarding biodiversity and protected areas and to outline the importance of the institutional framework, global appro...

In Romania, the European technical standards concerning the quality control of the primary materials and asphalt mixtures used in road and highway works have been harmonized. In the same time, Romanian norms were adopted. These norms set limits within which every characteristic must range, without the possibility of adopting other values, even if laboratory tests prove, in many cases, that the imposed limits do not correspond to the practical reality. Also, most Romanian road laboratories own automatic Marshall eq...

The paper presents the theoretical analysis concerning the realization conditions of the capping layer in Romania, in comparison with the stipulations of other technical norms, especially the French ones. The authors aim at emphasizing the technical solutions which can be applied in different situations to obtain a high bearing capacity at the bottom of the pavement, with beneficial effects on the reduction of the road layer thickness and a better operational behavior. The comparative analysis will show that sever...

This paper analyzes the management of meteoric waters on the hearth of the localities taking into considerations the climatic changes. The proposed solutions follow the new European requirements for the promotion of the separative sewerage system concept. Also, localities that currently have a unitary sewerage system have to implement the European requirements for rainwater separation from domestic waters according to the available funds. Along with climate changes, the localities in Romania are facing high risk o...

This year marks the 21th anniversary of the completion of the tallest building in Romania, the 351.5 m smoke chimney in Baia Mare. The Surveying-Geodesy team of the North University of Baia Mare, at present a structure belonging to the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Technical University of Cluj Napoca, monitored the verticality of the structure, immediately after completion, and then periodically, with a frequency of 1-2 years. This paper presents an analysis of the evolution of the vertical axis of the struc...

Geological storage of CO2 provides a way of reducing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, by capturing CO2 from major industrial CO2 sources, transporting and injecting it into suitable deep brine aquifer rock formations. The selection of the potential site for the CO2 storage is based on the analyses of all the available geological and geophysical data (well data, seismic lines, gravimetric and magnetic maps, outcrops, geological cross sections, pressure and geothermal regimes, mechanical rock proprieties, chemical...

In case of using equipment in areas classified as with hazard of potentially explosive atmospheres, this shall be designed so as to avoid the ignition of the surrounding explosive atmosphere in which it is intended to operate. Equipment designed for use in potentially explosive atmospheres have to be assessed according the provisions of the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU regarding the ensuring of explosion protection characteristics. In case of electrical equipment this assessment usually uses the provisions of some sp...

This article outlines the steps to be taken to ensure that the old Land Book Plans can work together with the current Land Plans and the Orthophoto Plans. For this purpose, scanning steps, georeferencing, must be performed. Then compare the old plans with the current ones by overlapping them over orthophoto maps. Following this stage, we can find out if there are differences between the older and the current plans or the current situation in the field. By overlapping, in the same reference system, we can very easi...

Climate change is affecting forests both directly ? via increased frequency and/or severity of meteorological conditions, impacting tree growth and/or survival (e.g. wind storms, drought spells etc.) ? and indirectly ? via improved conditions for diseases and pests. Also interaction between the biotic and abiotic factors plays an important role. It is important to consider these circumstances in forest management policies to ensure that forest owners remain interested (financially motivated) in forest management. ...

For one motorway project in Romania, the alignment has to cross an artificial lake that was made for drying a former swamp. The alternatives considered were crossing the lake with a bridge or with an embankment. According to the geotechnical investigations, the soil in the area consisted of soft saturated clays of 10-18m followed by marle. Crossing the lake with a bridge involved raising the vertical alignment of the motorway to nine meters above ground level in order to ensure the clearance for the maintenance of...

Carrying out scientific experiments and field observations requires systematization, coordinated storage and possibility of online analytical processing of primary data to obtain consistent results and to discovery new knowledge. The article presents an approach to building a model-driven system based on the software platform of primary data collection and analysis. An approach to the constructing the control model of the data consolidation system based on the analysis of data description in the context of the sta...

Constructive details of welded steel industrial structures involve critical areas in the structure. A welded steel structure behaves differently toward a steel structure made of laminated steel profiles in a pervasive corrosive environment. Details of the joining of the steel elements must correspond primarily to the strength of the welded steel structure but also to the impact of the corrosive environment, that is to say, some details must be chosen to fade the effect of the corrosive environment. The paper will ...

Assessment of selected (trace) elements and nitrate along the 26.7 km long Radonja River (Croatia) was examined with the purpose of testing the ability for small rivers to serve as a model for identification of sources and dispersion of common environmental contaminants. The Radonja River rises and flows through specific geological region of the Petrova Gora Mt. (507 m a.s.l.). It is located in the middle part of Croatia, with the Vojni? town (~5,000 inhabit.) as the largest settlement along the whole river course...

Belt conveying belongs to high-performance, economically and energy efficient continuous system. Optimization of this conveying systems makes possible reducing the total operating costs up to 30%. For this reason is necessary to choice of the suitable structural elements. Conveyor belt is the most important element of this system and quality of its strength properties is a needful prerequisite for a smooth operation of belt conveyors. Insufficient quality of strength properties has a negative effect on the reliabi...

The reliable determination of solid material thermal properties (thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and heat capacity) are significant for various industries. Knowledge of thermophysical characteristics of reservoir rocks is essential in developing high viscous oil deposits by thermal methods. One of the biggest problems in experimental investigation of thermophysical properties concerns with measurement errors due to multidimensional character of thermal flow (generally, in most cases, one-dimensional theo...

Agricultural production is expected to increase in the world, which will be determined by the growing population and the rising demand for food, feed, fibre and energy. However, an increase in agricultural output could result in an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the agricultural sector. In order to avoid it, emissions have to be ?decoupled? from agricultural production, i.e. it is necessary to decrease the GHG emissions per unit of agricultural production. This is particularly important for Latvia...

Coatings based on microspheres are internationally recognized for their heat insulation characteristics, due to the specific properties of their nanoparticles ? ceramic, glass, silicon microspheres - even when the layer thickness has only 1-2 millimetres. Taking into account the high price of such products, the research studied, through specific experimental laboratory works, the possibility of obtaining a new and cheaper heat insulating product, by introducing kaolin as a filler. The experimental results showed n...

Paper presents a new process of refurbishing by metal deposition in different zones of the used parts, the refurbishment by welding in the ultrasonic field. A comparative analysis of the main defects is made, that occur in the case of welding in the protective gas comparing with the process of refolding by welding in protective gas medium with the ultrasonic activation of the additive material. In the case of the refurbishment by ultrasonic welding of used parts, the problem that concerns most is the appearance an...

The global influence of environmental problems has led to an increasing role of international environmental non-governmental organizations, which has become active actors on the global arena. Climate change as the serious challenge led to consolidation of efforts of states and non-governmental organizations. ?Green diplomacy? or ?environmental diplomacy? has become a part of international relations. At the first stage of our study the characteristics of the leading international environmental organizations were co...

The uncertainty of methods for determining the heavy metal compounds, as well as problems in the comparison of the methods used, require further studies in this field. The aim of research is to study the fractional composition of Cu and Zn compounds in soil under model contamination conditions using different fractional methods. Chernozem Haplic was artificially contaminated with Cu and Zn acetates at rate of 300 mg kg ?1. Distribution of Cu forms in soil at the use of sequential fractionation by the Miller method...