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The optimization of technological processes is vital for advancing scientific and technical progress in exploration activities, particularly in drilling operations. The integration of operating microprocessor equipment and automated management systems has opened up new opportunities for theoretical research in optimization processes and drillings. Control systems for drilling exploration wells on solid minerals enable real-time operation and data collection, processing, and diagnosis of equipment functionality. Op...

This article arises from a joint project between the universities of Jaen and Malaga (Spain), which are developing outdoor prototypes at the University Campus -called Smart-Trees- to improve the quality of exterior spaces for the university community. The starting point for creating these outdoor canopies is using recycled material and elements from other buildings, such as from demolition or disassembly operations. The first prototype was developed at the Malaga University Campus, and the second at the two campus...

Micromorphological features of salt-affected soils in the Cis-Baikal and Trans-Baikal regions (south of East Siberia, Russia) are considered. When studying morphogenesis of these soils, pedofeatures of soluble salts and gypsum serve as indicators of modern and former stages of soil formation. Comparative-geographical, micromorphological, and chemical methods have been applied to study soil salinization. Chemical analyses attest to the presence of gypsum and soluble salts in solonchaks of both regions. However, the...

On the last few years, microwave and ultrasound irradiation has become a successful tool in modern medicinal and organic chemistry especially (but not only) because in many cases synthesis became ecologically friendly. As part of our ongoing efforts in the field of nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives, we present herein some core results obtained by our group in the field of N-alkylation and 3+2 cycloadditions reactions applied in the nitrogen heterocycles series, by using microwave and ultrasound irradiation. Compar...

Since the drone industry is more and more frequently used on a large scale, it is desired to obtain autonomous drones for the fulfillment of as many different missions as possible. Thus, within this project it presented the design of a mobile tether system for a rotary-wing UAV, with the aim of detecting changes in air quality, especially in areas around cities where illegal waste burning is frequently reported or in highly industrialized areas. Mobility is one of the important features of the proposed tether syst...

This study examines the impact of the risk of illegal logging on landscape permeability in a region where 8,060 km? of the total area is covered by forests. According to official data, 29% of this forested area is located in zones at risk of illegal logging. Given that forests play a crucial role in maintaining landscape permeability and ecological connectivity, the study employs the CSI index, which integrates the risk of illegal logging, to assess how these activities affect the ecological integrity and function...

Presence of coastal structures usually causes significant impacts to adjacent shores, especially when they are composed of sand. Many times, these impacts are associated with inappropriate design due to inadequate consideration of hydromorphological processes and system interactions. As a result, excessive erosion and/or deposition of sediment is observed, which implies costly, and in some cases, continuous maintenance. The study presents an assessment and gives explanation of significant changes in the morphology...

Hydrometric propeller methods, is device that responds and measuring the velocity of the water current at the point where its sensor axis is located. Mechanical hydrometric propellers are widely used in our country, in which the current causes rotation of a screw vane with an angular velocity proportional to the velocity of the current, in this method the depth of the river profile must be taken into account in order to comply with the measurement condition in 1, 2, or 3 points namely 0.2h, 0.6h and 0.8h, h-depth ...

The article describes commonly used imaging techniques for monitoring solar farms using drones, highlighting the advantages of each method and the benefits of precise flight path planning. Thermal imaging is discussed for its ability to detect temperature variations and identify potential issues like cell degradation and electrical failures without physical inspection. High-resolution imaging provides detailed visual inspections to identify physical damages, dirt accumulation, and shading issues, enhancing mainten...

Underground mining operation in salt deposits requires special control over rock mass stability. Changes in stress within the rock mass cause gradual convergence of underground workings. A slow convergence process with a complex spatiotemporal distribution requires the measurements with high accuracy, which is carry out on a well-planned spatial distribution of observation network. The aim of the study was to present the procedure of designing and implementing observations of convergence in salt caverns within a s...

Aggregate is one of the essential components of artificial structures. Aggregate is obtained by mining, as is the case with mineral raw materials. The output of aggregate mining is, in addition to the main product, also a secondary one - sludge. Sludge is an integral part of the wet processing of the most minor aggregate fractions. The amount of sludge in quarries is increasing, while the task of sludge management is to find a purpose for it and thus utilize it. Sludge management methods must consider the most neg...

Accurate estimation of greenhouse gases in national inventory reports, submitted by countries every year under the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement is an important task. Fugitive greenhouse gas emissions from oil production, gathering and treatment is a key category in the Russian national inventory report. Total emissions from this category accounted to more than 30 million tons of CO2 equivalent in 2021. Since in Russian inventory the default IPCC emission factors from these operations are used, in the framework o...

In economic forests, the productivity of forest stands should be increased as much as possible, because the global demand for timber is growing every year. Planted forest trees can be realized using the advantages of selection, naturally regenerated - faster growth can be achieved by improving the growing conditions and limiting factors that reduce or delay the formation of growth. Data were collected in 6-year-old P.sylvestris forest stands Cladinoso-callunosa and Vacciniosa. The plots were established in an area...

Natural resource management plays a crucial role in regional development as it affects the social, economic and environmental aspects of the region. Effective management of natural resources can contribute to the sustainable development of a region by ensuring the long-term availability of resources and by protecting the environment. An important aspect is the promotion of sustainable practices in the use of natural resources. Sustainable tourism practices are needed that minimize the impact on natural resources w...

This research investigates the increasing use of alternative fuels in internal combustion engines, a phenomenon that has experienced significant growth in recent decades due to the heightened interest in reducing atmospheric pollution. Although the pollution level associated with alternative fuels is generally lower compared to fossil fuels, it is essential to emphasize that the pollutant impact of alcohol-based fuels depends on various factors, such as engine technology, mixture composition, fuel quality, and usa...

Regardless of its type and size, any organization is faced with risks that can affect the achievement of its objectives in terms of activities, strategic initiatives, operations, processes and projects, with different consequences on strategic, operational, financial results and image and reputation. All activities of an organization involve risks, and risk management is the process of substantiating the decision, by taking into account the effects of uncertainty on the materialization of objectives and determinin...

Urban meteorological parameters and traffic emissions are characterized by microterritorial variability. Online weather and traffic information is the basis for creating online services to provide users with information about the toxicological risk, noise effects and thermal stress risk. The purpose of this work is to assess the possibilities of online environmental modeling. The methodology includes special field studies to select model parameters, developing models for online calculations of noise levels, concen...

Heat pumps are important due to their efficiency and a target of climate neutrality. They also reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide. This article deals with the smart mini hybrid heat pump, which is planned to use for heat gain in summer, energy accumulation in the ground storage, and further consumption in winter. This heat pump can get heat from the surroundings or solar collectors. Heat pump water-water has been used in this article. Its input and output parameters were measured, a coefficient of performance ...

This paper explores the operational characteristics of a DC islanded microgrid engineered to produce green hydrogen, utilizing power sourced from a solar array complemented by an energy storage system. The model simulates a one-week evaluation period, incorporating comprehensive analyses of electrical, thermal liquid, and thermal gas domains. By examining the interactions between the solar array, energy storage, and electrolyzer, the study provides a detailed assessment of system performance under varying conditio...

Sustainable tourism at the regional level is an approach to tourism development that aims to maximize economic, social, and cultural benefits for local communities while protecting and conserving the surrounding environment and cultural heritage of the region. This concept emphasizes responsible resource management, reducing environmental impact, and promoting social and economic inclusion. By adopting principles of sustainable tourism, the tourism industry can contribute to the conservation and protection of natu...

The scale of annual reproduction of cellulose-containing biomass in nature allows us to draw an unambiguous conclusion that cellulose is the only source of raw materials for the chemical and fuel industries, representing a real alternative to fossil resources and, first of all, oil. Cellulose is the main component of plant biomass. According to some estimates, almost half of the organic carbon in the biosphere is contained in cellulose. Hydrolytic hydrogenation is a special case of carbohydrate hydrogenation. With...

The olive oil sector is one of the most widespread agricultural and agro-industrial activities in the Mediterranean region, and it also produces a significant amount of waste biomass. This research aimed to find energy valorisation for the olive oil by-products through biogas/biomethane production from olive pomace (OP) and olive mill wastewater (OW). To this end, these biomasses underwent preliminary treatments: the OP was processed using an ionic liquid (IL) consisting of triethylamine and sulfuric acid [Et3N][H...

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of a residential solar thermal system designed for domestic hot water (DHW) production in a single-family dwelling located in Mangalia, Romania. Positioned at a latitude of 43.894- and a longitude of 28.422-, Mangalia benefits from an annual global irradiation of 1403 kWh/m?, providing favorable conditions for solar energy utilization. The study evaluates the system's performance over the course of a year, focusing on energy consumption, solar fraction, and environmental be...

Ukraine actively participated in the implementation of the provisions of the European Green Deal (EGD), seeking to build a "green" economy and a prosperous society. The purpose of this study is to determine the forms and directions of activities of public associations in the implementation of the provisions of the EGD in Ukraine. Influential public organizations involved in the implementation of the European Green Deal are the Center for Environmental Initiatives "Ekodiya" (Kyiv), "Ekoclub" (Rivne), "Ecology. Righ...

Hydrogen-based energy production involves the use of fuel cells or the direct combustion of hydrogen (a particular case being hydrogen combustion in internal combustion engines). Direct hydrogen combustion is still in the testing phase, with challenges arising from its energetic properties, which continue to be a difficult factor. For instance, hydrogen has a low calorific value (about three times lower than methane) in its gaseous phase, which is the phase where combustion occurs, a very high combustion speed (ab...

Natural gas hydrate reservoirs often consist of a mixture of various gaseous species: small-chain hydrocarbons, as methane, ethane, propane and butane, and other species, as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide and others. Every species shows different forming conditions. Moreover, those conditions may change as a function of the mixture composition and the properties of the surrounding environment. The present study deals the production of hydrates with small-chain hydrocarbons, within a silica-base...

Biochar can be used as an alternative and efficient adsorbent for organic and inorganic pollutants. Therefore, based on previous study in which, a biochar loaded with mixed metal oxides of iron, tin or titanium catalysts results as a by-product of levulinic esters synthesis from biomass carbohydrates, this paper aim was to test this residue as biochar for the retention of phosphate from water samples. The obtained adsorbents based on Fe2O3-SnO2 and Fe2O3-La2O3-TiO2 were characterized by FT-IR and TGA analyses. The...

In isolated areas without access to the grid where it is necessary to operate certain equipment, such as the operation of a valve in a mining area or some gates on a irrigation canals, an installation with fotovoltaic supply can be used. Considering the intermittent operation regime of the driven equipment, a solar-powered drive installation can be designed, and by storing the energy in a battery, operation can be ensured during the night as well. Thus, the PV power system must be sized (PV peak power, battery and...

Hydrogen, known for its high flammability and potential explosive characteristics, presents significant challenges in safety engineering, particularly in enclosed spaces where explosions can lead to catastrophic consequences. This paper presents the results of physical experiments conducted to investigate the linear propagation of hydrogen explosions within confined environments. The experiments were designed to simulate real-world scenarios and assess the factors influencing the extent and characteristics of expl...

The aim of the project concerns the production, characterization and impact on consumers of biscuits with wholemeal flour and grated carrots. The innovative character results from the use of wholemeal flour, which, unlike white flour, retains the bran and wheat germ, making it richer in fiber, vitamins and minerals. This contributes to a lower glycemic index and a superior nutritional profile. Carrots provide moisture and natural sweetness and are also an important source of beta-carotene, fiber and other vitamins...

Phytoremediation technology is environmentally friendly and inexpensive to clean soils of harmful toxins. The study aims to introduce phytoremediation of arsenic in the Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti regions to restore soil fertility. For this study, three plants, Amaranthus gangeticus, Chenopodium album and Helianthus annuus, were selected for the accumulation and translocation of Arsenic from the contaminated soil. The seeds of selected plants were treated with the bioactivator Biorag to increase the plant's ...

Orphaned or abandoned sulphide tailing disposal sites pose significant environmental hazards, including eolian dispersion, water erosion, acid mine drainage, and heavy metal mobility. Phytostabilization, an eco-friendly strategy, entails the use of alkaline amendments alongside non-native plant species capable of thriving in environments with high concentrations of heavy metals. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the effect of a commercial cement which contained 46.3% sand, applied alone or combined w...

This research compares the water quality in four river bodies passing through different cities in Bulgaria. An eco-chemical approach was applied including physicochemical and analytical measurements, as well as calculation of different pollution indices and the distribution of the element species as an indicator of their bioavailability. The results from analytical measurements and calculated pollution indices show that all the studied water bodies were polluted regarding P-PO43?, N-NH4+, Mn, and Pb. The highest v...

Ticks (Ixodidae and Argasidae) pose significant health risks as vectors for infectious diseases, with their prevalence expanding across Europe and North America. Ticks employ sophisticated sensory mechanisms, notably utilizing Haller's organs, to locate and sense their hosts. These sensory structures detect various cues, including chemosensation, changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration, and radiant heat emitted by potential hosts. Once a host is detected, landing is facilitated by electrostatic attraction, accele...

Biomass is the first form of energy used by man at the same time with the discovery of fire, means all the products of animal and vegetable origin used in present in the production of energy. Actually, the biomass approximately half (44-65 %) of the total renewable energy sources used in the EU, and occupies a third place as a primary energy source in the world, after coal and oil. At the same time represents a sustainable alternative to reduce carbon emissions. The experimental territory is located in the middle ...

Today, it is possible to work with a wide range of freely available data, often on a daily basis. These data can be used to create an early warning system for estimating the approximate hazard. It can also be used to develop models of long-term catchment behaviour. Most applications are generally carried out on catchments larger than 200 km2. For this reason, areas between 20 and 350 km2 were selected to test the hypothesis using models based on machine learning methods. How good results can be achieved when using...

In the evaluation activity of technical equipment intended to be used in potentially explosive atmospheres, by national and international legislation, non-compliant aspects were often reported regarding the choice, installation and maintenance of this explosion-proof equipment. The following main aspects were pointed out: the equipment that was initially chosen and installed appropriately for the specific application but later, over time, improperly maintained; respectively, the situation in which they were inappr...

Geophysical studies on the lunar surface have, in the past, used various methods that contribute not only towards the knowledge of the lunar subsurface but also contribute towards the design of future lunar missions, namely those that will, in the near future, take humans to the Moon-s surface. This work analyzes a specific set of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data, collected during the Chang-E-4 mission of the Chinese Space Agency, using theYutu-2 rover within the von Karman crater, on the far-side of the Moon. ...

The research objective was to develop a methodology for determining the total suspended solids concentration in wastewater based on the color indexes analysis. Determining the structure and properties of natural objects by processing its digital images has become widespread in soil science, since the soil colour is determined by its chemical and mineralogical composition. The material presented in the research can be considered as the initial steps in the development of soil science methods as applied to research ...

In the present study probabilistic earthquake, scenarios for the city of Varna the third-largest earthquake-prone city in Bulgaria are presented. The probabilistic hazard for a city is obtained by integrating the effects of ground motion from earthquakes of different size occurring at different locations within different seismic source regions and with different frequencies of occurrence. The ground motion maps for the city of Varna are generated combining via GIS, source geometry, earthquake occurrence model, max...

The most attractive option to recover methane trapped within natural gas hydrate reservoirs, consists of the so-called -replacement process-, mainly based on the contemporary injection of carbon dioxide during the mining process. If appropriately carried out, this process allows to improve the amount of methane recovered, preserve the crystalline hydrate cages and permanently store enough carbon dioxide to make this source definitively carbon neutral. For that reason, this process is widely studied worldwide. Howe...

Technological advance has assured humanity-s desire to increase its quality of life, anyway humanity is currently confronted with several global challenges, their complexity bases on their interconnectedness, and on fast changes in technological field. Present space activities are directed to explore the potential of diverse celestial bodies to have hosted life. In this context the Moon Village Association, MVA has as its main objective creating a global informal forum for governments, industry, academia for debat...

Potential environmental impacts of growing maize as monoculture lead to efforts focused on finding other potentially suitable crops or their combinations that could replace the pure maize cultures. The most frequent and most effective combination is a mixed crop of maize and legumes. The presented paper deals with the issue of the quality of post-harvest residues when growing maize in the system of mixed cropping. In the field experiment, yield and quality of post-harvest residues were studied during the growing s...

Receiver function analysis is a critical tool in seismology, used to study the deep structure of the crust and upper mantle. Information about the deep structure of the crust and seismicity is important initial data for developing a source model and seismic hazard assessment. The presence of sharp discontinuities beneath the monitoring station induces the generation of converted body waves, which propagate at slower velocities than those of the primary P-wave. Receiver function analysis utilizes the lag between th...

Snow cover is an indicator of the fluctuating climate, resulting from the change in the regime of winter precipitations and air temperatures. Our previous studies have revealed significant decreasing of the seasonal snow cover maxima and the precipitation amounts in the highest mountainous regions of Bulgaria, which is however not so strong at lower altitudes. Current research summarizes our last findings about one other characteristic of the snow cover - its duration. This is presented as annual number of days wi...

The depletion of primary raw materials and the demand in High Tech has played a big role in finding new ways of getting raw materials including recycling. Germanium being a semi-conductor currently in high demand is being sourced from secondary materials. The purpose of this project was to recover Germanium from copper slag in the presence of pure silicon using the carbothermic reduction process. The experiment was designed using Minitab software with Taguchi as the tool for statistical analysis and to design the ...

Drawing on case studies from 18 countries, the paper explores how project management methodologies are applied in European whisky industry to implement and optimize recycling initiatives, focusing on key processes such as glass bottle return schemes, advanced waste sorting technologies, and material reuse strategies. Critical project management insights include the importance of stakeholder engagement across production, sustainability, and regulatory teams, and continuous application of lean management principles ...

The lignocellulosic biomass is produced worldwide in large quantities, which may contribute to environmental changes, global warming, wildfires, ocean and sea level rise. Recent research demonstrated efficacy of the thermal reconversion of black liquor, which represents a waste resulted from wood Kraft pulping, into gaseous (syngas), liquid (bio-oil) and solid (bio-char) final products through the pyrolysis process. This review describes the physical chemical and energy features of black liquor required for its va...

The actual climate crisis is forcing the development of new energy sources that mitigate the negative effects of the climate change. Because of that, the use of fossil fuels is expected to be significantly reduced in the coming decades. In this scenario, the production of renewable fuels that reduce the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) is one of the main world challenges. The present study focuses on synthetic gas production using carbon dioxide from the cement industry, and green hydrogen, simulating the process us...

The article describes the approaches to development of an effective regulatory mechanism to manage carbon intensity of Russian resource-intensive industries. The authors focus their attention on the ferrous metallurgy industry as the top emitter of greenhouse gases (GHG) and the second-largest consumer of energy among Russian industrial sectors. Resource consumption wise this sector is well-studies and regulated by the Best Available Techniques (BAT). Establishing the interrelation between carbon intensity indicat...