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Each employee has a unique potential, which need to be stimulated due to be most productive. Education is an important factor for this stimulation. Only well educated employees are real competitive advantage for the company. In the year 2006 we have realized research study of educational needs of tourism organization in KoС™ice region. We tried to identify factors, which are necessary for the real development of tourism. In the study we have found areas, in which human resources needs to be strengthened. The follo...

This paper describes removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions using NaOH modified pine barks (Pinus nigra). Chemical modification and its enhancement effect on adsorption capacity for heavy metal treatment process have been investigated in this article. Changes of the surface properties after modification were examined by the FT-IR analysis. Maximum adsorption capacity was 49 mg/g at pH 8 and during about 180 min contact time (for 35 mg/L initial concentration with 2.5 g/L solid-to-liquid ratio) These modific...

In the course of years in the engineering practice are formed mathematical procedures which are marked as “engineering calculations”. We will characterize the engineering calculations with the following specific features: • the engineering calculations are pointedly pragmatic; • the engineering calculations are based on working formulas; • the results are approximate; • the engineering calculations are developed by experts and should be applied by experts.

The importance of a high literacy consciousness in the development of societies is a known fact. Scientific literacy is the fundamental criterion to catch the era in social, scientific and technological fields. Science, Technology and Society (STS) literacy level and the sensitivity of the natural environment protection is crucial in the economic and technologic development of countries. For this reason, the developed countries applied STS literacy to all layers of the societies. The developing countries have to p...

To implement large-scale multiagent systems (MAS) in the paper is proposed a new system design methodology towards environment-centered design. The interaction of blocks that compound the structure of multiagent system for environment processes is described. These links consist in system simulation, where agents and human-controlled units coexist in virtual space to jointly perform simulations and augmented experiment. As an application of environment-centered design, environment embedded agents for a large-scale ...

Peak particle velocity is the most important criterion for analyzing dangers resulted from ground vibration. According to the investigations, this parameter can independently indicate the possible damage and is proportional to it. Up to now, investigators have proposed many different formulas to calculate this parameter, but none of them are applicable for all areas and based upon regional conditions such as geological, technical, geotechnical, rock mechanical and so on, only one of these equations can be adopted....

The problem of recycling worn car tires is ecologically and economically important. Worn-off tires are a source of long-term environmental pollution. Tires subject to no biological decomposition, they are inflammable and being ignited 1 ton of tires releases in the atmosphere 270 kg of carbon black and 45 kg of toxic gases. At the same time, they contain valuable raw materials such as rubber resin and metal. The most optimum of all known tire-recycling methods is low-temperature pyrolysis that provides complete re...

The economical investigation is one of the most important stages in the mine planning, as it can be a useful guide in the mine exploitation. The iron ore district of Gol-E-Gohar (GEG) is located about 60 km south-west of the city of Sirjan, in the Kerman Province of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Six anomalies are known and for about 10 years, Area 1 ore is mined and processed for the recovery of a dry as well as a wet concentrate. The proven reserves of Area 1 were about 265 million tonnes, whereas near to 100 mil...

Fluid inclusion application in epithermal gold exploration is based on the fluid inclusion characteristic and its relation to the mineralization. These characteristics include the type of fluid inclusions and different fluctuations in their micro thermometry measurement and chemical composition. In this regard, based on the micro thermometry measurements, the fluid inclusions in epithermal gold systems have the homogenization temperatures between 100-300 ВєC and the salinity of 5\% NaCl equiv. in average. Within t...

Because of the approved understanding of the ecological system of our planet also Earth Sciences will be asked for solutions of global problems. Various data, knowledge and instruments should be used to give precise answers to provide confidence in the scientific, politic and public community. In addition to this ecological issue Earth Sciences will provide an important impact on European economy to follow the “Lisbon Strategy” to foster the European Economy with a strengthened and excellent European Research ...

Multivariate statistics analysis is one of the base stages in geochemical data processing. In this branch of mathematics, “Hierarchical Clustering Analysis” applied to identify the relations between the variables such as elements and samples. Hence, different types of mineralization would define. However, any missing or errors in entrance the data make a wrong or not clear result. Sometimes misinformation or data errors appear because of analytical errors, missing some information, or problems in sam pling or ...

Water is the key Element in social and economic development of the country, which is becoming a scares resource due to over-increasing demands of the growing population, Agriculture, Hydropower and Industrial Users. Site selection of industries in the river side, usually affect on the monitoring program. Thus the monitoring of the rivers for the effective management and planning in the water section has become most predominant aspect and need to pay attention to the best program for industries location. Haraz is a...

Gold mining is attracting increasing attention in many countries of the world, although it has a major impact on the environment. Large quantities of hazardous chemicals such as mercury or sodium cyanide are consumed to recover gold from its ores. Therefore, this activity should be carefully regulated by means of global directives based on an up-to-date knowledge of ecotoxicity principles and modern environmental standards. In light of recent developments in world gold mining, Turkiye has caught the attention of f...

Gold mining is attracting increasing attention in many countries of the world, although it has a major impact on the environment. Large quantities of hazardous chemicals such as mercury or sodium cyanide are consumed to recover gold from its ores. Therefore, this activity should be carefully regulated by means of global directives based on an up-to-date knowledge of ecotoxicity principles and modern environmental standards. In light of recent developments in world gold mining, T\"urkiye has caught the attention of...

The present work discusses the synthesize of sintered granite–like glass-ceramics obtained by vitrification of hazardous industrial wastes. The chemical resistance of parent wastes and glasses were classified by the toxic characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), whereas the crystallization behaviour was evaluated by DTA and XRD. The thermal and mechanical properties of final glass-ceramics were also measured and discussed. The obtained glass-ceramics have attractive appearance, elevate chemical durability and ...

The technical specifications defined from instrumentation owners of suitable for remote access expensive equipment in Earth Sciences domain are presented. The database containing all mentioned above structured information is created and used as analytical tool in this investigation. The user community requirements in several different domains for application of remote access are evaluated and analysed. This work is one of the main parts of RINGrid project (Remote Instrumentation in Next-generation Grids) under the...

Heavy metal pollution is very important problem in waste water pollution around industrial area. Cupper has been used in many industries with civilisation period and a lot of water sources were contaminated by dissolved component of cupper metal. It has incredible effect on the micro-organisms and also other living organisms in water environment. For this reason, copper content of industrial wastewater must be decreased to the limits given in the international regulations. There are many methods may be used for he...

The analysis of the practical applications of the findings of the preliminary tests for the effectiveness of the disinfection treatments with high-frequency cold plasma conducted on samples collected from patrimony items and reference materials of organic nature has shown that the microbiological investigations confirm the biocide action of the HF plasma in fighting bacteria (after 45 minutes in the samples of icon wood and natural silk, 60 minutes in the cotton samples, 90 minutes in the archaeological wood and l...

This report describes the morphogenesis of the cyathium in two subspecies of Euphorbia myrsinites L. occurring in the flora of Romania related to the vascular transition. Our histo-anatomical researches established the origin of the vascular system in the different parts of the cyathium (involucre, nectary glands, monostaminate male flowers and female flower).

Our investigations have focused on observations concerning the horse-chesnut’s (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) leaves in various phenophases, the state of the leaf surfaces and histo-anatomical changes of the leaves under the influence of the atmosphere pollutants (sulphur dioxide, chlorine, ammoniac, lime or cement powders). The histo-anatomical changes induced by the gaseous and solid atmosphere pollutants on the lamina have been observed in protecting tissues, assimilator tissues (the palisade and the spongy tiss...

The long-going petroleum exploitation in the Section Cocu determined the increase of chloride concentrations in groundwater. The aquifer system in this area comprises four aquifers, with different extensions, separated by semipervious units. The third and the fourth aquifer are more extended. The third aquifer is in direct relationship with potential pollution sources, such as oil wells and oil pipelines and it is drained by the River Cotmeana. Several monitoring wells were drilled for the purpose of this study, p...

In this paper it has been assessed the current situation of the old vestige material deposits created during the Pb-Zn concentrate production process. Flotations of Stant\"erg, Kishnica and Albanik, have exposed those vestige materials in the open surface field and are treated as main source of the air contamination in Mitrovica and surroundings, Kizhnica and Albanik. The results which make powerful the opinion that application of the hydro filling method of exploitation in all Trepca mines are shown as well, sinc...

In this paper some specific problems concerning the database and information quality are presented analyzed. There are emphasized some approaches presented in the literature and some “classical” mistakes encountered in practice.

This paper has been accomplished in the framework of Diminish Project (LIFE03 ENV/ RO/000539) within the Life Environment Program. In accord with the Water Framework Directive the nutrient management is a decisive factor for increase the water quality. In this respect the Diminish on-line system, based on GIS database and modeling approach and using Open-GIS technology, allows diminishing uncertainties related to basin management. The Bistrita River (283 km length, 7039 km2) had proven to be specifically sensitive...

The Chahargonbad area is located in southern part of the central Iranian volcano–sedimentary belt, in Kerman province. The intrusion of several intrusives bodies such as granodiorite, monzonite, diorite, granite and quartz diorite in the volcanic sedimentary sequence have given rise to an intense and vast alteration and copper mineralization in the southern part of this belt different image processing techniques such as color composites, image filtering, band ratioing and principal component analysis have been a...

The photodegradation of Acid Yellow 23 a model compound from monoazo textile dyes was investigated using TiO2, SnO2 and TiO2+SnO2 suspension as photocatalysts at different gap sizes. The results showed that the coupled particles were not much different from single TiO2 system at the gap size of 4.5 cm in a batch reactor. But the coupled system was more effective when the gap size was reduced to 2.5 cm. A complete decolorization occurs at the gap size of 1.1 cm after 20 min of irradiation while 90\% decolorization ...

Rocks are complex and heterogeneous materials. Their complexity is described depends on their mineralogical constitutions which is characterized based on the features of the rocks such as their fabric and texture. It is considered that the texture is an important parameter to evaluation of the mechanical properties of the rocks. In this study, physical and mechanical properties of 9 different rocks were tested according to standards of International Society of Rock Mechanics (ISRM, 1981). In order to analyze the t...

This case study presented herein compares the landslide susceptibility mapping methods of frequency ratio (FR), logistic regression and artificial neural networks (ANN) applied in the Kat county (Tokat-Turkey). Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was first constructed using a GIS software. Parameter maps affecting the slope stability such as; geology, faults, drainage system, topographical elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, topographic wetness index (TWI) and stream power index (SPI) were then produced from DEM of th...

In this paper, we investigate the the lateral displacement of a Gaussian beam by a conductive thin slab is investigated. A description of the Gaussian beam and a lateral displacement of Gaussian beam at a conductive thin slab is given. We construct a plane wave representation of a Gaussian beam incident upon a homogeneous, lossless, isotropic conductive slab. The waves inside and outside the slab are solved analitically by matching the conductive boundary conditions at the interface. Numerical results including th...

The main purpose of this work was to analyze possibilities for application of lignite byproducts- fly ash from Kosova Power Plants in other industry branches and for filling of old underground mines and see the positive impact in environmental protection. The Kosova lignite-fired power generation industry produces millions tones of fly ash each year. Only small amount of this fly ash is used, with most being considered a waste. This waste must be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable way at a cost which is ...

As we have already approached the 21st Century, there is a growing need for management and utilization of natural resources for its optimal beneficial use with the concurrent technologies. The demands for the fresh water are increasing rapidly requiring holistic management of fresh water as a finite and vulnerable source.. Thus knowledge about water quality of the rivers for the effective management has become most interest aspect. Haraz is a basic river in northern Iran that flows northward from foot of Mount Dam...

Prospecting and exploration activities for oil and gas in a number of cases are connected with some environmental impacts in the location of their implementation. Depending on the applied prospecting and exploration methods – geophysical or drilling methods or combination of both - the environmental impacts comprise mainly of: air emissions from the equipment engines, short-term damages to land and soil, contamination of surface and ground water, waste generation, cuttings in forests, etc. The implemented comple...

INTRODUCTION Within the scope of the recently started initiative SAFEMANMIN under 6th Framework Programme, a preliminary report about methods used for the characterization of mining wastes in several Eli countries (Austria, Italy, Greece, Poland, Norway, Spain, France, Germany, Bulgaria and Romania) has been complied. This study is based on the Reference Document on Best Available Techniques of Tailings and Waste-Rocks in Mining Activities, prepared by the IPPC Office in Seville (July 2004). It aims on establishin...

In this study, the region of AladaДџlar-MazmД±lД± (Adana) has been selected as research area and covering on area of 95 square kilometers. A number of anatical methods including Attarberg, XRD, XRF and ICP have been employed to characterize representative samples collected from the soils developed partially weathered country rocks with respect to their chemical and mineralogical contents. Soil horizons did not well developed on the limesstone and ultramafic parent roks that include mainly harzburgite-dunite, ophyo...

In these report we represent the researches made by on original method for determination of the hydraulic friction factor in case of gas transport in gas distribution system. We made comparative analyses of results received by: the theoretical determination of the hydraulic friction factor, its experimental determination and the mathematic model of the process. The stend of experimental determination of aerodynamic loss is development. On the basis of the analysis and obtained result is defused a formula of analyt...

Recently, the noisy problem is increasing parallel to the improvement of the technology, which arises in the developed countries and makes the life difficult. It is recently one of crucial environmental problem that it is a sort of pollution, still least known and least struggled in our country. However, the investigations carried out on noise pollution have brought up that the matter is a problem of public health gaining importance increasingly. The aim of this study was noisy measurements, both to determine the ...

Making macro velocity model is the most important part in any seismic data processing system. It is a very time consuming and none accurate step in conventional methods like NMO/DMO/stack. In this article, we drive a velocity model for a synthetic data with new introduced tomographic inversion method. This method uses the kinematic wavefield attributes which would yield from common reflection surface (CRS) stacked data. These attributes are normal (N) wave and normal incidence point (NIP) wave curvatures. The tomo...

Choosing a suitable method for a given ore-body is very important for the economics, safety and the productivity of the mining work. Ore excavation cost, as economic factor, have not influence on preliminary selection of mining method. Mining-geological factors and mining-technical factors have higher ascendancy in this stage of selection. It is very difficult to insulate one of these factors as the most significant. Today, the selection of a mining method is a multi-criteria decision making process, with many fac...

Extraction of vanadium, nickel and iron contained in spent catalyst coming from the manufacture of sulfuric acid (main elemental composition: 3.5\% V; 0.63\% Ni and 7.9\% Fe) was studied. The effects of roasting and leaching temperature, concentration of the leaching reagent, reaction time and pulp density on the extraction of vanadium, nickel and iron were determined. Sulfuric acid was used as leaching reagent. ANOVA was used to find out the optimal leaching conditions and to analyze the results. The results obta...

It’s explored and analyzed experience for treating of building refuse’s at the world in cities with over 500000 populations. It’s collected and systematized dates for existing quantities of building refuse’s for last 3 years at the area of Sofia city. There are shown a technological process and choosing a machine group for rehabilitation of building refuse’s. There are made economical analyze for competitive power between rehabilitation and store in depot.

The feasibility to substitute feldspar raw materials in a porcelain stoneware body with waste Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) glass was investigated. Various compositions, containing different percentages of feldspars and CRT glass, were compared. The densification process was studied by non-isothermal dilatometry and the degree of sintering was evaluated by pycnometric techniques. The structure and phase composition of the final ceramics were studied by SEM and XRD, respectively. The technological parameters and the mecha...

Few algorithms are available for economic optimization of stope boundaries and underground mining area. The algorithms may be classified as rigorous and heuristic. The rigorous algorithms are those which benefit from the mathematical proof and provide the true optimal solution according to the conditions and environment they are applied. The heuristic algorithms are based on searching for the optimal solution according to some rules. They may not guarantee to find the true optimum but provide the approximate solut...

Recently, the effect of noise pollution appeared due to noise increasing from highway transportation, especially, the great majorities of the people living in city centers. Identifying the noise levels have gained great importance in terms of planning of the cities, regions, industries and our being informed how degree the noisy pollution have influenced our daily life. Development plans performed in our country have been carried out without taking into consideration the factor of noise pollution. One of the bigge...

Checking the quality of blasting is considered an essential matter in surface mining, and requires measuring objective parameters. One of these parameters is the results of the blasted product. Numerous fragmentation “measuring” systems have been developed and marketed, based on image-processing. In this study, the GoldSize system was used to determine the size distribution of rock fragments in Sarcheshmeh Copper complex mine, Iran. The effects of size of rock samples and imaging method on image analysis are i...

The Gol-E-Gohar (GEG) Iron ore Complex is located in Kerman province of Iran, and is situated on the Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic belt, which has been played a large part in the history of the tectonics of Iran plate margin. Based on the modern exploration activities, six magnetic anomalies in this district have been recognized. Now a large-scale open-pit mine is being developed on this deposit. This paper aims to re-evaluate the pre-designed slope angles of Anomaly 1 of GEG Open pit. In the preliminary design the ...

Collection, transport, transfer, recycling and proper disposal of solid waste is an essential issue for the local authorities of large metropolitan areas. Turkey, especially in the metropolitan cities like Konya, has been combatting with the same problem, changing the institutional structure of the national policy and the necessary legislation about the solid waste management and the implementation of the recyling-recovery programs to reduce the amount of the solid waste to be disposed of at the sanitary landfills...

Vitosha Mountain has specific geological and geomorphological evolution and its physical-geographical conditions are a good prerequisite for quite rich diversity of the soils. Vitosha`s high parts are a suitable place for studying the initial interaction between parent material (basic and intermediate magmatic rocks) and the high-mountain soils (Litosols and Rankers by FAO, 1990), under thРµ influence of specific local condition. This study was undertaken as a part of preliminary investigation of the geochemical a...

The crack propagation researches carried out on rock and rock mass are important in mining, petroleum and natural gas engineering studies. It is assumed that crack propagation is an important design parameter in underground and open-pit mining applications. It has positive effects in some mining activities such as drilling, blasting, excavating, block caving but also negative effects due to cracks formed around mine roadways, tunnels and in landslides. In this research, the marble and travertine were selected as n...

Sedimentation and corrosion potential are the major problems that exit in all industries particularly in water industry which cause decrease of public health, water quality depletion, facilities and piping equipment scales. Thus their control leads to promotion of water health and quality. The purpose of this research is determination of the potential in drinking water network in Behshahr city, north of Iran.We used major indexes such as Langelier Index, Ryzner Index and Corrosion index. Samples are taken from 9 a...

Most of the coastal zones in Europe are under the high level of anthropogenic pressure. Intensive use can lead to a devaluation of the natural capital of these zones and negatively affect the social and economic balance. These issues cannot be solved by the South-Eastern Baltic Region States separately (e.g. common natural and cultural heritage, transfers of pollutants and sediments, tourist flows, maritime safety) and requires international collaboration. One of the ways to ensure sustainable development of the c...