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This paper aims to synthesize in a logical and coherent approach the main control techniques used in managing and combating food fraud, as well as to discuss their effectiveness. Given the impact that food fraud can have on consumers' health and well-being, anti- fraud control techniques used throughout the food chain are an important and relevant topic, still insufficiently addressed and accepted in the relevant economic environment. The objectives of the article include presenting the current context of food fra...

Copper has a fantastic role in the organism, indifferent if its mammalian, plant, bacteria or yeast, functioning as a cofactor in enzymes involved in various processes. In agriculture, different copper compounds are used as fungicide to protect plants from fungal diseases. In humans the role of copper is also crucial, as it is an essential trace element being involved in many processes as well as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in antioxidant defense, iron metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis, playin...

Rock typing is an essential tool for reservoir characterization and management in the petroleum industry. It is the process of grouping portions of a rock sample based on their physical and chemical properties. This process is currently done by experts in the industry, which consumes valuable industry resources. Precise and efficient rock typing can build accurate geological models, optimize exploration and production strategies, and reduce exploration and production risks. This work proposes a deep learning metho...

The research examines creativity as an important factor in the production of ecological products and the promotion of sustainable development in the regional economy. The research aims to examine how to promote creativity in the regional economy, what tools should be implemented to develop creativity in individuals, and how creativity is associated with overall prosperity and economic growth in the country. Nowadays, the problems of exploiting natural resources and management of constrained natural resources in th...

The article considers the possibilities of using modern methods and tools in teaching the industry section of economic geography, in particular the geography of the fuel and energy complex. The authors propose to use methods and approaches that take into account the significant changes that occurred at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries during the transition from industrial to post-industrial society and the formation of modern information technologies. The article proposes to increase the involvement of schoolch...

The article deals with the topic of cyberterrorism committed with the help of social engineering. It lists the means and methods used by modern cyber-terrorists but mentions in more detail the less common ones, which have a greater chance of success because they are not widely known. In the case of cyber terrorism or cyber war, the damage can become global. It is in the existential interest of every state or company to have a sufficient level of prevention against threats to its digital space and adequate settings...

Since the inception of modern plant breeding, especially with the discovery of heterosis and the development of hybrids, which are known for their ability to enhance crop yields, plant breeders have consistently strived to advance and identify an efficient method for developing inbred lines. In this endeavor, breeders have encountered various challenges, including the complexity of requiring multiple generations to develop inbred lines and the struggle to find effective ways to optimize this process. In our resear...

The multiple therapeutic properties of Chelidonium majus are known and well documented in the bibliography, being used for a long time in Chinese homeopathic medicine [1]. At the level of the skin, in traditional folk medicine, C. majus is used to treat warts, condylomas, and papillae, which are due to human papillomavirus (HPV) infections [2, 3]. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the potential antitumor effects of C. majus extracts on human melanoma cells - A375 - and to evaluate it in terms of...

Composite materials are widely used in high-tech fields of industry, especially in the aeronautical and aerospace industry, land and water transport. Weight reduction, high creep resistance, very good damping deformations compared to traditional materials, represent some of the advantages for these materials- usage. The studies carried out aim to determine the evolution of the physical-mechanical characteristics of a composite material with a thickness of less than 1 mm, using descriptive statistics techniques. In...

The serious demographic crisis in rural areas of the country poses great challenges to the implementation of the strategic plan for the development of agriculture and rural areas for the period 2023-2027. This determines the purpose of the publication, namely to develop and build scenarios based on them to make recommendations regarding the need for urgent, complex and non-traditional measures to overcome the demographic crisis. The estimated values of the indicators were used to prepare the scenarios: the birth r...

The main objective of this study is to analyze the demographic structure and spatial distribution of Quercus canariensis populations in the Ouled Bechih forest in northeastern Algeria. Knowledge of these parameters is an essential step in their sustainable management. Sample inventory plots measuring 30m x 30m (900m2) were identified by random sampling. Tree diameter at 1.30 m above the ground and total height of Q. canariensis were measured for each tree in four inventory plots. The demographic structures were es...

Flash floods represent one of the most significant natural hazards in headwater catchments facing the lack of systematic hydrological monitoring. This study focus on the detection of flash floods on growth disturbances detected at trees of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) located in the torrential channel of the Holubi Potok stream in the Jizera Mountains (North Bohemia, Czech Republic). At the injured stems, flood scars were identified and core samples dated by tree ring analysis; the intensity of the disturba...

The Arctic Seas are of particular interest now in connection with the prospects for their development. At the same time, the construction of critical and industrial infrastructure at sea must be preceded by a thorough assessment of possible geohazards, including dangerous landforms, earthquakes, geofluid outflows, marine landslides, soil liquefaction, tsunamis, etc. The purpose of the study is to highlight various seismological applications of the records obtained recently in the Laptev Sea and other Arctic Seas o...

The article aims to design optimized synergistic structures between additive materials from the category of industrial by-products, by applying experimental modeling, in order to achieve increase of performance parameters for the final products, in line with the needs of the building materials market and challenges to develop lower-carbon alternatives for reducing the climate impacts of the built environment. The experimental applications based on the integration of industrial by-products will results in defining ...

In 2011, it was decided that the carrying public transport system in Bratislava would be tram transport. Today's transport system is based on radials, it was created as part of Bratislava's first comprehensive transport concept in the ?70s. One of the disadvantages of Bratislava's public transport system is the few tram lines in the city centre, which, with a large number of radials, causes vehicles from different radials to cluster together at dense and poorly spaced intervals. The disadvantage of the radial syst...

The transition to sustainable pathways of economic development depends on the clear understanding of the sustainability principles, but it also needs ability to evaluate critically conventional professional practices and rethink them into sustainable one. However, the previous years of struggling for economic transformations have showed a serious issue - lack of action competence when it comes to the implementation of the sustainable solutions. The design thinking is a core of professional competency and high perf...

The results of the study of the dynamics of changes in the territory of the Kakhovka reservoir before and after the explosion of the dam on June 6, 2023 are presented. This led to the destruction of the Kakhovka reservoir and the sharp flooding of significant areas downstream of the Dnieper River, including the delta. The analysis was carried out on two indicators: the water surface area and the water level. As a result of the analysis of space images, it was found that the area of the Kakhovka reservoir decreased...

The special regime of nature reserve complexes allows for the protection and reproduction of local flora and fauna, local Red Data Book species, and the implementation of preventive measures against their extinction from the region. Military operations on the territory of these complexes have an irreversible impact on the further development of the region's natural complexes. The authors of the publication have studied the territory of one of the protected areas affected by military actions in the Kherson and Myko...

The analysis of the dynamic and fractal properties of the released seismic energy time series allows for the classification of the seismotectonic system that produces earthquakes as a deterministic-chaotic system. The dynamics of such systems suggests that relatively small changes can lead to significant (with one or more order large) jumps. At the same time, the size of these jumps and the intervals of time that separate them are irregular, and the possibilities for their prediction are limited or absent. In this...

In temperate climates, fruit crop yields are primarily determined by environmental conditions, especially during dormancy and in the early stages of their phenological development. Climate anomalies, with both warmer spring temperatures and greater temperature fluctuation, have altered phenology, leading to a greater risk of spring frost damage to orchards. The sweet cherry (Prunus avium), like other fruit species in the temperate climate, needs to accumulate a cultivar-specific quantity of chilly units during the...

Fine particles known as combustible dusts can cause explosions when they are suspended in the air under certain conditions. A dust explosion could result in severe fatalities, injuries, and structural devastation. The risk of such events can be reduced by knowing the flammability parameters and the physico-chemical analysis for combustible dusts, in order to take additional protective measures generated by the occurrence of these types of explosive mixtures. The purpose of this research was to identify the flammab...

This publication evaluates the yield of waste biomass from wheat and sunflower for the period 2008-2019. The method of regional factor analysis (RFSA) is applied, through which it is tracked in which direction and to what extent the raw material potential of straw is changing and sunflower stalks necessary for the development of the regional bioeconomy in the six planning regions of the country. It is emphasized that the use of waste biomass from plant substances does not lead to climate deterioration, which is a ...

The present work is the first case where the adsorptive removal of the most commonly used antibiotic - azithromycin from aqueous solution as a model of wastewater treatment plant effluent by acid-modified natural zeolite - clinoptilolite has been investigated. The adsorption processes were carried out under static and dynamic conditions. The acid-modified form of the above-mentioned natural zeolite were obtained with hydrothermal treatment by using 2M hydrochloric acid solution. In order to investigate the adsorpt...

Indoor positioning systems have a wide variety of applications. They can be used to see and track user location, for real-time navigation and others. They are usually developed for a specific building or set of buildings and may use different positioning techniques to meet the user needs in terms of accuracy and budget constraints. For the current study free and open source data is used for development of the base map - OpenStreetMap and Leaflet library. The data for specific building is added, as the floor plans ...

This article deals with the development of intellectual abilities of students in the process of using geoinformation technology. Digital technologies, in particular geographic information technologies, are increasingly introduced in the educational process of modern schools. They contribute to the learning of mapping skills, the formation of skills to compare, specify, abstract, summarize, establish cause-effect relationships, draw conclusions, develop critical thinking, contributing to the formation of key compet...

Today, humanity must deal with the consequences of ongoing climate change. The most observed manifestations of climate change include increasing temperatures, as well as increasing monthly and annual average temperatures. In the present work, the change in the number of days with temperatures between 30 and 35 degrees Celsius and above 35 degrees Celsius was compared. Meteorological data from 21 climatic stations on the territory of the Kosice and Presov self-governing regions (Slovakia) were provided by the Slova...

An essential part of the development of municipalities is an investment in a properly functioning technical infrastructure. In addition to today's standard connection to the development of electricity, new investments in technical infrastructure related to the aquatic environment are also required concerning the interests of nature and especially the ecological hairline of water components. Many smaller municipalities are still not solved by sewerage of residential houses and other buildings, especially agricultur...

Nymphoides peltata is a typical representative of higher aquatic plants. Despite its wide geographical distribution, N. peltata is a rather rare species. The development of effective measures to protect a species in any territory is possible only if there is complete information on the status of its populations. Study of the size and morphological structure of plants plays an important role in the system of population studies. The purpose of this publication is to characterise the dimensional values of N. peltata ...

Ponicka Cave, situated in central Slovakia, is a natural wonder, known for its stunning stalagmites, stalactites, and underground lakes. This unique cave system has a hydrological connection to the Earth's surface, representing a very vulnerable habitat. Long-lasting intensive livestock grazing in the aquifer area of Ponicka cave and insufficiently insulated manure dump were the main reasons for the contamination of this cave. Soil nematodes are the most abundant multicellular organisms on Earth with respect to bo...

Drosophila as a model for toxicological study is a simple and effective test-system owing to (i) availability of a wide range of accessible methods allowing the integral assessment of the negative effect of the factor under study on the vital characteristics at all levels of the organism vital activity (from molecular to population), (ii) possibility of obtaining results within a relatively short period of time (from 2 days to 2 weeks); (iii) low price of working methods, (iv) absence of specific requirements as t...

The study aimed to identify the influence of the altitudinal difference on the fertility characteristics of grasslands soils and implicitly on the production and quality of plant associations intended for grazing with animals. For that, the study material was represented by the soils of the grasslands in the region of the ?ureanu Mountains, part of the Southern Carpathians of Romania. From a geographical point of view, distinct formations were identified in the studied area with altitudes between 250 m and 1800/18...

The paper considers processes of ore formation. This concerns complex dynamic natural objects, depending on polygenic geological phenomena, mutually interacting and forming a single mineral formation environment. Development of ore-forming systems is connected not only with the natural evolution of thermodynamic parameters, but also with physical-chemical properties and composition of ore-bearing deposits, state and character of manifestation of tectonic structures, such as field strength, degree of tectonic trans...

Bogs of Darwin Biosphere reserve (southern NW Russia) represent sustain ecosystem balance on an outstandingly large scale. Dynamics of the bog metabolism and structure should be estimated both under the influence of the Rybinsk reservoir and beyond it (in terms of natural evolution), although these cannot always be distinguished clearly. Forested bog areas are most sensible ecosystems to trace decadal or centennial dynamics of the landcover. Longstanding observations of the geobotanical and forest structure have b...

Intercropping increases biodiversity in vegetable fields. It affects both above-ground and soil communities. The aim of the research was to study and analyze the soil microbiological and enzymatic activity in intercropping of cabbage with leek, green bean, tagetes, flower mix, and dill. The studies were carried out in two directions: 1) of microflora, as a sensitive indicator of the microbiological status of soils; 2) enzyme research, such as functional characterization and expression of microbial activity. Soil b...

The extrusion process is recognized as the most versatile processing technology, and it can be used to produce food with higher nutritional, functional, and sensory qualities. The extrusion process involves forcing a mixture of ingredients through a small die under controlled conditions of temperature, pressure, and shear. This review highlights the main effects of the process parameters (feed rate, feed moisture, screw speed, barrel temperature, raw material characteristics, etc.) and system parameters (specific ...

In 2021, a field experiment was conducted with white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) the seed of which is an interesting raw material in agriculture, industry and food production. Stands of tested plants were established without tillage into a freezing catch crop from the Fabaceae family within regenerative agriculture. The stand of clovers was used as a tool of bio-drilling to work the soil and as a source of nitrogen required by the subsequent crop, and the frozen biomass was applied as mulch onto the soil surface. Th...

Recently, nanotechnology has attracted a considerable scientific interest due the potential new uses of non-particles, which can improve the properties of cement mortars or concretes, such as Nanosilica. Nanoparticles, like those of nanosilica, have been shown to have unique physical and chemical properties different from those of conventional cement additions. Nanosilica was used either to replace part of the cements or as an addition to improve the performance of the cement such as accelerating the hydration of ...

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of important greenhouse gas (GHG) whose main sources are agricultural soils. N2O forms in soil as a result of microbial processes, reinforced by the use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers. This study will look at how the formation of N2O in soil is affected by soil moisture and soil granulometric composition. Soil N2O isotopes of ?15N? (central nitrogen position) and ?15N? (end nitrogen position) which could help to identify natural and anthropogenic sources of N2O emissions and the invo...

Climate change, marked by rising temperatures, poses significant health risks to indoor- bound individuals. This paper stresses the need for proactive public health measures, especially for vulnerable groups like the elderly and economically disadvantaged who lack access to air conditioning. As heatwaves worsen, traditional solutions, like energy- intensive air conditioning, are problematic due to increased energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and cost issues. Instead, this paper proposes an affordable solution: ...

In the western part of Romania, Helicoverpa armigera larvae cause significant damage to several types of agricultural and horticultural crops leading to considerable economic losses, so the purpose of this paper was the use of some ecofrendly agricultural practices, namely the use of entomopathogenic microorganisms. The field experiment was conducted at the Research farm of West Land Company SRL, Jimbolia, (Timis County). The trial was laid out during 2022 vegetation season, in randomized block design with seven t...

The paper presents a new approach to the design and development of textile woven structures with copper yarn content intended for heating systems. Copper is known for its high electrical conductivity, meaning it can easily transfer electrical energy through its surface. This makes copper yarns ideal for heating applications, as they can quickly and efficiently transfer heat to the surrounding environment. In addition to their electrical properties, copper yarns also have good thermal conductivity, which means that...

The influence of the ultrasound on corrosion resistance of chromium-dioxide silicon nano-composition electrolytic coatings (nano-CEC) in solutions of the different concentrations of nano-particles of silicon dioxide at temperatures 293, 303, 313 K has been investigated. The research showed that the electroplating of chromium-dioxide silicon nano-CEC on steel St.3 enlarges its corrosion resistance tenfold. The least corrosion resistance has nano-CEC, which got under constant ultrasound influence, and the most - whi...

The highly diversified structure of the vegetal carpet in permanent grasslands, made up of numerous plant species from various botanical families, also influences a strong differentiation in the consumption of nutrients by these plant species. Thus, species with high fodder value, are high consumers of nitrogen, and meadow leguminous species require higher consumption of phosphorus, calcium, and potassium. The area of permanent grasslands studied is located in the Banat Plain Romania, more precisely at the contact...

Recent years have seen an increase in microbial resistance, which has led to great challenges for the medical community in terms of treating diseases and the food industry in terms of contamination and the loss of shelf life. This research aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Elettaria cardamomum against the following reference strains: Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Shigella flexneri (ATCC 12022), Pseudomonas aerugi...

The issue of energy self-sufficiency is currently crucial. The concept of energy selfsufficiency is closely related to the concept of energy security; yet, there are many definitions for the term energy security. The essence of all of them is for a country to secure enough energy resources to cover its needs. If a country can secure these resources on its own without depending on imports from other countries, one refers to energy self-sufficiency. Energy self-sufficiency can be achieved in a number of ways such as...

Chamomile flower, a well-known medicinal plant, possesses significant antioxidant properties attributed to its diverse array of bioactive compounds, including antioxidant proteins. These proteins are vital in combating oxidative stress and neutralizing harmful free radicals. To fully harness the antioxidant potential of chamomile, it is imperative to optimize the extraction methods. This study evaluates the effectiveness of nonconventional mechanical extraction methods using ultrasound to extract antioxidant compo...

The objective of the circular economy is to definitively change the way in which we produce and consume, it consists of doing more with less, and it brings us back to simplicity, trying to break the dependence: production-consumption of raw materials, making the most of each material and extending its useful life. Through eco-design, it seeks to generate circular products that allow the easy separation of all materials, providing new ways of their management and processing to avoid elimination at the end of their ...

This study quantifies the elemental composition of soil, vegetation, and the level of trace elements in coals to identify the impacts associated with coal mining practices in the Longyearbyen and Barentsburg settlements, the Svalbard archipelago. The analysis is based on a data set that includes 26 chemical elements measured in 74 soil, 29 vegetation, and 4 coal samples provided by a catena-based survey strategy. The concentrations of lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and vanadium (V) ...

Environmental problem-solving as a factor of sustainable and balanced development is an integral part of every country in the world, based on the interaction of man, nature, society, and the overcoming of crisis factors in an imbalanced world. That is why today it is necessary to move from the economics of aggressive expansion to the economics of sustainable development in order to promote the formation of a stable identity and social sustainability, which requires a fundamentally new development paradigm. The new...

The Mushroom Training and Resource Centre (MTRC) is an organization aimed at helping to improve the standard of living for current and future generations of rural residents in Uganda through mushroom cultivation and sales. This community organization was established in 2007 with the primary objective of teaching people from marginalized rural areas how to cultivate the oyster mushroom in a simple and sustainable manner. The fungi are grown on agricultural plant waste, which is transformed into valuable food. The p...