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As a foundation material, gypsum differs from other rocks in that voids may be found at almost any depth within the rock mass. Collapse structures in gypsum terrains are the most serious geological hazards because they can damage engineering structures, settlement areas, natural lakes, and allow infiltration of contaminant into the groundwater. Collapse and subsidence may occur in the course of time or suddenly and catastrophically. Presentation of engineering geological data in the form of a hazard map is a usefu...

Low rise buildings are particularly vulnerable to ground movements sourced from swelling and shrinking of the expansive clays. Geotechnical engineers have long recognized that Swelling of expansive clays caused by moisture variation may result in considerable damage to the overlying structures, and engineers should take them into the consideration. The literature contains a vast number of stabilizing techniques such as lime, cement, fly-ash for treatment of expansive clays. However the use of gypsum as a stabilizi...

Nature 2000 is a protected-areas network implemented in Europe as a result of this community concerns about use of biodiversity and the quality of the environment. Every EU state member had to designate Nature 2000 sites in order to preserve the habitats and species listed in Habitats and Birds Directives. Romania faced this challenge by completing this process in a very short period, based on the literature and field observations gathered by scientists and other stakeholders in the field of biodiversity. For Cali...

The North-Western Bohemia region takes a unique position in the history of mining in the Czech Republic. Several ore districts are situated here, the welfare of which influenced the development of the Czech state in some periods. Some precious stones mining was also significant. Today the North-Bohemian Basin area is known for its largest Czech brown coal deposit. The history of mining has been mainly linked to three large ore districts in the North- Western Bohemia region. Jachymov is the most important one. It u...

Anatolia was one of the centers of marble production and trade especially in antique ages.Quarries that provided the marble used in the majestic structures in huge proportions of the antique era were located mostly in Western Anatolia .Marmara Island is in the Northwest Anatolia,Marmara Sea took its name from “Marmaro”,meaning marble in Greek ;it contains the most important white marble quarries and was the most important export center especially during Roman period.Quarries where the bluish Marmara Marble was...

The map reading process is not a customary work. We pass through some steps while we get the necessary information from the map: Introduction to external components of the map; Sign vehicle recognition; Perception of the sign meaning; Superinterpretation. These four processes are discussed in the paper. It is shown their meaning for the swiftness and correctness of sign perceptions, cartographic signs construction; and creating of map legend.

The "Drmno" coal strip mine is one of the most important factors of the electro-power system of Serbia. The coal exploitation has taken place over 20 years (since 987), with the exploitation of 6В·106 tons in 2007. The coal exploitation is complicated by the waterbearing character of the roof sediments, which is the consequence of the vicinity of the rivers Danube and Mlava. Groundwater protection is performed using the wells distributed in several lines (about 200 wells). Current solutions were formed either with...

The coal basin of Kosova has a huge coal reserves, they are the main power sources for thermo power stations of Kosova. The lignite is distributed across the Kosova, Dukagjini and Drenica Basins, although mining has so far been restricted to the Kosova Basin. The first systematic records of lignite exploitation since 1922, when a smallscale, shallow underground room-and-pillar mining commenced in the Kosova Basin. This case of study presents the hydrogeological conditions of the coalfield Sibovc, which is a part o...

The submitted paper describes general data about geology, hydrology and hydrogeology of Radovesice dump. There are eleven hydrogeological monitoring objects in the area of interest. Monitoring of the water level in these objects is proceeding every month. Hydrogeological objects are situated to the aquifers inside the dump body and close to the dump floor. Monitored values, atmospheric precipitation and configuration of surface streams create comprehensive view on the hydrogeological system of the Radovesice dump.

Mining in upper Me\vza valley had more than 350 years of tradition. Lead and zinc ore deposit was developed in the triassic carbonate layers on the area of 64 km2. Until 1994, when the mining process was stopped, miners excavated about 19 million tons of lead and zinc ore and over 1000 km of galleries and pits. A crucial aspect of the Me\vzica mine was the dewatering issue. Me\vzica ore deposit is developed in Triassic carbonate rocks – limestone and dolomite. The area is of rough mountainous relief rising from ...

To many countries heavy metal pollution is a problem related with areas of intensive mining activities and industry. Extensive exploitation of metallic minerals in the territory of Kosovo from antiquity until now days effected on environmental and river flows plane pollution. During September/November 2006 in Kizhnica/Artana was done stream sediment sampling (304 samples) main attention on precious metals (Au, Ag) and base metals (Zn, Pb, Cu). The stream sediment survey area is situated ESE of Prishtina with an ex...

It is estimated that useful life of world’s well known petroleum reserves will last 40 years, natural gas will last 61 years and coal reserves will be exhausted in 227 years. Decrease in fossile fuel reserves due to fast consuming and environmental damages due to increasing environmental pollution makes it necessary to orient towards new and renewable energy resources. Natural thorium comprising blend of completely radioactive isotopes was first discovered by Berzelius in 1828 and its radioactivity was revealed ...

Transparency, mobility and recognition in higher education are the aims of the Bologna Declaration. That is why participation in the European Higher Education on Bologna Process provides one of the important stimuli for change in Turkish Universities like many European countries which are currently the members of European Higher Education System. The European credit transfer system for VET (ECVET) in order to allow learners to build on the achievements resulting from their learning pathways when moving between lea...

In order to give an evaluation on the quality of air in Albania we refer to two socialeconomical periods, that before 1990 and that after 1990. In the period before 1990 are noticed some indicators which played a considerable role in the quality of air in Albanian environment. Some characteristics were: controlled demographic movements, industrial activities located in the suburbs, road transport with a limited number of vehicles, few constructions etc. economical social period after 1990 caused profound changes, ...

Mining engineering education includes four years of lecturing and three periods of summer practices. The practices must be performed at three different mining sides, including underground mines, open pit mines and ore dressing plants. Students are officially advised during decision time of company selection for their summer practice to get better educational results. In order to understand the mining engineering role by the students, the practice should be performed in mines directed and organized by mining engine...

Eight selected heavy and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, Ni \& P) were analyzed in the dust fall samples collected from the surrounding areas adjacent to Al-Hisa phosphate mine central Jordan during summer 2008. The chemical analysis was done using the ICP-MS, after being digested with (HNO3/HCl) acid mixture. Beside the identification of their mineral constituents using the XRD. Moreover, the particle size determination on volume percentage basis for four fractions (PM<2.5, PM2.5– 10, PM10–100\& PM>10...

The Internet is widely used medium at present. It is a complex of the various services individual, and interconnected. It offers significant opportunities on sides, of companies and of customers. The current development of tourism has been for long influenced by the development of ICT, globalization and deregulation. Tourism industry was in relation to the use of the Internet and other technologies already classified as E-specific since 2003, by the E-BUSINESS WATCH. The long-time trend at international tourism is...

Nowadays, airborne geophysical data can be obtained in low costs rapidly. Among airborne geophysical systems to acquire magnetic, electromagnetic and radiometric data, helicopter geophysical systems play an important role in exploration of mineral deposits in large areas. In general, using airborne systems to measure electromagnetic data, we can obtain two-dimensional conductivity-depth sections, and then, a threedimensional conductivity model from the subsurface of the survey area. Consequently, the lateral and v...

Turkey has took part fully in the Socrates programme, one of the Community education and culture programmes that seeks to increase the unity and integration between the people and countries placed in Europe, in 2004. As a result, Turkish higher education institutions have had the chance to join Erasmus -the higher education associated subprogram of the Socrates programme- all through the academic year 2004/2005 and recognized mobility activities with their European partners. The initial part of this article compri...

Electromagnetic (EM) methods are among geophysical methods which have many various applications. Besides, EM surveys are carried out rapidly with low costs. Thus, they are being fast developed. The methods, compared to other geophysical methods, have the most various acquisition systems. EM surveys can be carried out in the land, air, sea and borehole. During 1950s in Canada, airborne EM methods, in which helicopter EM (HEM) method is also included, have assisted in mineral exploration valued more than 10 milliard...

In this article we investigated a practical case history to define and show the differences of sand and gravel in side scan sonar images. The images were obtained by the Yellow- Fin side scan sonar instrument and processed with related software. The sound transmitted by the DSL-120 kHz instrument travels to the seafloor, bounces off of the seafloor, returns to the instrument, and is recorded. The strength of the sound recorded by the side-scan sonar instrument converted to shades of gray. A very strong return is w...

The possible effect of the reductions to the measured distances between the points in a geodynamic geodetic network on the reliability of the subsequently calculated deformations has been analyzed. Experimental investigations on the basis of doubly measured spatial chords from the real network and their analogues in UTM-projection have been planned and implemented. Reduction adjustments have been indisputably found to lead to distortion of the deformation model.

The focus of the study is to investigate the some precious elements of the metallic occurrences which are related to sulphure mineralizations in Korudere Pb-Zn ore deposit in Biga Peninsula. The peninsula contains a very rich zone in terms of metallic ores and industrial minerals. The observations and studies of former researchers on the peninsula revealed that distribution of both ore bearing deposits and Tertiary volcanic / intrusive units exhibited great similarity. Barite accompanies the lead-zinc mineralizati...

The focus of the study is to examine the precious elements of the metallic occurrences which are related to sulphure mineralizations in Yenice-Arapucandere Pb-Zn ore deposit (Canakkale). The ore bearing deposits in northwestern Anatolia show a great deal of similarity to the distribution of the Tertiary – Quaternary volcanic and intrusive rocks in the region. In addition various kind of metallic ore deposits form as a zonation. Arapu\ccandere hydrothermal polimetallic ore deposits are richness of those complicat...

The focus of the study is to examine the Gallium, Germanium, Cadmium, Gold, Silver, Indium, Selenium, Thallium, Rhenium and Tellurium elements of the metallic occurrences which are related to sulphure mineralizations (galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite and pyrite) in KalkД±m Region lead-zinc ore deposits, Yenice (Canakkale). KalkД±m hydrothermal polimetallic ore deposits (BaДџД±rka\ccdere, Handeresi, ArД±lД±dere and FД±rД±ncД±kdere occurrances) were existed in schist of Karakaya Complex under the effect of Eybek Gra...

Petroleum which is also known as black gold has a 150 year history. Oil which took part of coal in the 20th century is an important energy resource in economic and strategic terms. In the world, approximately the 26\% of oil reserves, and approximately 12\% 16 - 19 trillion cubic meters) of natural gas reserves are in the Caspian Sea. When we evaluate oil and natural gas reserves, the Caspian Sea (Region), not as much as the Persian Gulf, comes third after the Siberia in oil potential. Clean, cheap and safe way to...

The basic precondition for town planning, foundation engineering in a certain area is the integrated knowledge of engineering-geological conditions that form a decisive factor for good-quality and functional foundation of potential structures. Research was carried out into a chosen model research area in the part of Ostrava-Karvina Coalfield with various characters of foundation soils, with significant influencing by anthropogenic and other geodynamic processes and geofactors, with a possibility of future applying...

Periodic thermal processes and periodic temperature fields are of widespread occurrence in nature and technology. In nature they are at a large conditioned by periodic processes, such as the Earth’s one year period orbital motion, its diurnal rotation, etc. In conductive heat transfer mechanism daily variations in temperature almost decay in a layer about 1 meter thick and annual variations do it in a 18-21meters thick layer. In the case that periodic Sun heating coincides with fluid mass transfer (when water pe...

Although the European Union’s directive about environment protection as WEEE and RoHS have been carried out in 2003, led solders are still in used in Serbia. In the aim to respect the European and world directives and laws, it is necessary to reduce a quantity of toxic element and to establish lead and cadmium free solders in production. In this paper it was presented lead-free alloys, which are used for ecological solders manufacturing and various applications. These are results in the frame of technology devel...

The aim of the present study is to investigate the biological effects of contaminants is a combination of chemical and biological measurements. Among biological measurements, investigation of alteration at the cellular or sub-cellular level can provide an early-warning signal of adverse biological response before they are manifested at the population and community level. Lysosome destabilization test has been the method of choice in the present paper. A relatively low retention time of the used red neutral dye amo...

The environmental problem is one of the mankind?s global problems. The relation between the environment state and economy growth had brought many discussions in the past about the possible solution of this contradiction in the real economic life. Sustainable growth conception has focused on studying the relations of social, economic and environmental development dimensions which led to new problems, or new solutions to existing problems. The report contains the economy growth issues in connection with the environm...

According to an multidisciplinary approach based on survey, analysis and labor work, this study work attempts to tease out some valuable lessons, strategies and guidelines which should be connected to environmental management in Kosovo, a new born state with no effective environmental management in the past. The study focuses on the environmental impact that a huge dormant lead and zinc mining facility, named Trepca causes. The fact that Kosovo is very rich with sulphide minerals shows the potential for mine water...

The research area is located in Calimani National Park, Eastern Carpathians, northern Romania. About 2\% of the park surface was seriously affected by the sulfur exploitation during 1977-1993. More than 300 ha of vegetation were destroyed revealing the rock surface, which was then excavated and deposited in four heaps close to the excavation. The main goal of this research was to map the favorability areas for natural recovery of the vegetation and the probability for plants to spread on barren substrates. The stu...

Details presents in the paper realize at collaboration the Ministry of Science and Technological Development on project No 17004 R. Serbia. Presented carakterisics clivage in aspect on massif rock research in drillholes B-1k, B-2k, B-3k, B-4k and B-5k. Evaliation of rock stability, in which will be place tunnel axis, took from prospecting Krivelj`s River. Iinvestigations are: structural characteristicsa of rock massif, degree of disintegration, alteration degreee, fracture degreee and physico-mechanical characteri...

Studying the level of the underground waters nowadays is very important; therefore it is more than necessary to improve and study more this field, but always moving towards the digitalization of various devices. For this purpose we have constructed a device which measures the level of the underground waters, the device named BerSi 07 is a device which measures the level of the underground waters, flux of ground water, direction of movement of underground waters, active radius, hydrolines, hydraulic gradient, the d...

Some rock types have been more favorable for dimensional building stone since early ages of civilization. These rocks in general are stable and their properties have been long lasting for the selected locations. Due to availability they have been used in human history not only for building stone alone, but they have also been used for other engineering and artistic projects in cities. In this study; mechanical properties of 5 types of ignimbrite rocks and one basalt rock were tested for their usability for dimensi...

The average pattern of weather, called climate, usually stays pretty much the same for centuries if it is left to itself. However, the earth is not being left alone. There is now very strong evidence that significant global warming can’t be explained by natural causes alone. Humans are changing the climate by their actions, especially through emissions of greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, which artificially warm the atmosphere of the earth. Scientific studies showed that climate change is fact not a myth or...

The SyNaRMa project realized under INTERREG IIIB Archimed resulted in the development of a Web-based GIS (http://gserver.civil.auth.gr/SyNaRMa\_app) for management of natural disasters (earthquakes, forest fires and landslides). The SyNaRMa system focuses on the three phases of disaster management, i.e., preparedness, response and recovery, improving the emergency plans applied by the competent authorities in order to handle natural risks more effectively. A directive process of preparedness realized in the frame ...

Peridotite massif of Goleshi is representative of the dippiest mantle section of Vardari oceanic lithosphere: The characteristics of deep mantle peridotite are: the total lack of pyroxenite dyke series, the total lack of the gabbroic dyke series, the lack of the chromites ore bodies, presence of rare and small dunite lenses. Ophiolitic peridotite of the Goleshi massif set tectonically over metamorphic Paleozoic-Triassic series and is transgresivelly overlaid by Pliocene formations. The striking of the foliation is...

The Middle and Upper Jurassic deposits develop on a large area in Dambovicioara Corridor. In this area belongs both to the “Group of the formations of Braşov” ([8], [9] redefined, emend [3]) and to the “Group of the formations of pre-Leaota” ([9], emend [3]). The group of Braşov covers strictly the area of D\^ambovicioara Basin, and the group of pre-Leaota was extended as well over the fosse Codlea-R\^aşnov-Podul D\^amboviţei and over Şinca-Piatra Craiului [3]. The facies of the two groups are differe...

Sediments analyzed were taken from Е»elazny Most tailing dam, the biggest in Europe. Sediments were investigated by granulometric, mineralogical and chemical methods: microprobe analyses, fluorescence and spectrometric method as weel. Granulometric composition allowed us classify it as silty sands and sands. The carbonate and sulhate grains, illite and kaolinite were identified. Haevy minerals appeared in quantity less then 10\%. This fraction consists of chalcocite, chalkopiryte, marcasite, piryte, covellite and ...

The objective of our study was to examine the mineralogy and chemical composition of ochreous sediments accumulated in the area of four abandoned Sb deposits from Slovakia. Each of them is from different geological settings and there are also differences between types of mineralization and mine processing. Samples were collected mainly from mine drainages and fraction under 0.063 mm was analyzed using conventional methods, including X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and sequentia...

Nowadays, the problem of fine micro-and nano-scale В«invisibleВ» gold, remains urgent, with the substantial loss of metal during enrichment of sulphide ores. Mineralogical studies show that the vast majority of native gold in sulphides is in the form of fine, dust and thin particles, with a subordinate amount is very small and petty. According to the confirmed reserves of gold, Kazakhstan is among the top ten countries of the world. The considered balance stock of deposits is 196 (126 autochthonous, 47 complex, 23...

Ventilation networks in underground mines may be affected by items such as: locating of objects in air path or destruction of support systems which would result in pressure loss and distortion of air flow. By considering the necessity of keeping the network performances at appropriate level in such conditions, in this study, definition of ventilation network evaluation has been proposed which indicates the network reliability in an uncertain situation. Economic and safety concerns in mines involve this fact that t...

Two models have been proposed – static and kinematic – for modelling of the contemporary vertical crustal movements. Herein are demonstrated: the mathematical mechanism, the experimental investigations, the analysis of the results and some graphical representations. Based on the modelling, the relevant conclusions have been drawn.

The presence of aerosol particles is strongly related with increased morbidity and mortality even at the ordinary aerosol concentration levels that occur in the urban environment. Aerosols contamination of indoor environment can originate from both outdoor and indoor sources (cooking, smoking etc.). Dangerous effect of particles consists in their penetration and deposition into human respiratory system. Because of inhalation exposure not only particulate size is important, but also particulate matter’s chemical ...

Drilling for mineral resources can be one of the most expensive processes in the exploration and production. Hence, drilling industry has been striving since its inception for developing drilling techniques which allow for fast drilling rates but ensuring the safety of the well and of the workers. Parameters affecting the drilling process can be cast in two major categories, rig and bit related parameters and formation parameters. The first category includes weight on bit, torque, rotational speed, and hydraulic p...

The city of Mitrovica, approximately 40 km north of Prishtina, was the site of one the largest lead smelters in Europe. The present environmental situation in Mitrovica, put as in front of the responsibility to act more rationally towards nature and to be more responsible towards the protection of the environment for future generations. The lack of protection of the environment during the last ten years, as well as the conflict in Kosova are the origin of huge problems regarding present environmental situation in ...

Combustion product production increases with growing demand for energy produced by fossil fuel combustion. Their amount is higher in every year and new way of their use must be looked for. The combustion products can be largely used in a building industry where light ashes are applicable admixture for a concrete production or as a partial substitution of cement. Other way of use is at reclamation and improvement where the combustion products can be applied for back filling or rampart creation. The objective of the...