Browse

The main and typical changes in the natural complexes of tundra and forest-tundra in the areas of development of oil and gas fields were considered. Assessment of the stages of transformation of plant communities and soil cover due to anthropogenic load has been characterized. With the development of gas and oil fields in the north, pollution leads to a significant transformation and degradation of natural complexes. However, these violations are insignificant in area and localized. Various mechanical disturbances...

Many entities from energy sector are investing in the rational use of waste generated in the energy production process, using them as valuable raw materials. Measurable economic and environmental benefits associated with the recovery of waste lead to the development of new directions for their reuse. The proper organization of the logistic chain allows for the efficient management of energy waste from the manufacturer's point of view. Innovative technical and process solutions from the energy industry are conduciv...

The sediments of the of the Middle Franconian stage of the Upper Devonian along the cut contain the maximum amount of dispersed organic matter. This rock complex is the main oil producing stratum for most oil and gas fields on the territory of the Volga-Ural basin. The Semiluks horizon is represented by three types of sections: typical of Dominic and transitional ones. In Sargaevian sedimentation occurred under conditions of a shallow, epicontinental, open sea with normal salinity of water. The parameters of kerog...

During longwall mining extraction, extremely high permeable spaces, called ?gobs?, are often created within crushed strata. Those gobs and abandoned: pathways, tunnels, ventilation entries or shafts, could be capacious storage deposits for coal-released gases, particular methane. This methane may be valuable source of both, energy and heat production, in active and post mining areas. Gases form crushed, fractured zones are explored by vertical boreholes drilled from surface, called gob gas ventholes (GGVs). GGVs a...

The paper discusses the impact of post-mining workings of natural aggregates on hydrographic conditions, including the volume of groundwater resources. The predicted effects of the liquidation of open pits were characterized by two sand deposits located in the river valleys of San and Wis?oka in south-eastern Poland. There are no elements of the natural environment that require special protection against the effects of their exploitation in the deposits area and in their immediate vicinity. In addition, there are ...

The sedimentological sequences along the lower sections of rivers have been created by the alluviation of meandering rivers in historical times. For the rehabilitation measures (focusing on water replenishment to oxbows) with the purpose of enhancing ecosystem services, the detailed hydrogeological study of alluvial deposits and soils is indispensible. Our investigation covers the area lying between the C?n-Szaporca oxbow lake system, under rehabilitation, and the Drava River, which controls groundwater flow. The ...

The physical properties of salt make excellent conditions to overcome chemical and physical nature of hydrogen. Hence, hydrogen storage in salt caverns is one of the industrial methods except for depleted oil/ gas fields. The hydrogen has the smallest atomic radius in whole periodic table. It can attract the electrons of other atoms very easily which makes it reactive. A good sealing of pipes is a very important issue in underground hydrogen storage in salt domes. The cementing slurry should be pumpable and compat...

The activities carried out in the georeactor area during and after the completion of the process of extracting fuels based on underground coal gasification have a significant role in minimizing the environmental impact of the technology. Selecting the optimum, most effective method of removing contaminants from the underground coal gasification process should help to increase the safety of the process. The article deals with the idea of filling a post-processing cavern. The method involving geotechnics used to fil...

The aim of this study is to analyse impacts of the acid atmospheric deposition and global climate change on water resource recharge and water quality in headwater catchments of the Jizera Mountains (Czech Republic). Since 1982, a long-term hydrological investigation has been conducted in the experimental basin Jizerka (100 ha, elevation: 860-980 m, clear-cut of mature spruce stands and reforestation) and forest catchments of three water reservoirs Bed?ichov, Josef?v D?l and Sou?. The ?open field? load of sulphur c...

The current problem of the last decade in the world is the increase of oil production volume due to the extraction of its hard-to-recover reserves. The difficulty of its extraction is determined not only by the petro-physical characteristics of the oil-bearing formation, but also by the physico-chemical properties of the fluid itself. However, not all methods of enhancing oil recovery are ecologically safe. The most effective and ecologically-friendly method of soil purification from pollution by oil products is t...

Egg yolk pigmentation is one of major quality attribute linked to consumer requirements concerning eggs. The colour of the egg yolk is a dietary response, depending on the levels of carotenoids present in the feed. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of feed supplementation with dried tomato waste in commercial laying hens on egg production, egg quality, egg yolk colour and carotenoid composition. The hens were fed the basal diet (BD) and the diet supplemented with 7,5% dried tomato was...

Water is a key element and plays a central and critical role in all aspects of our life, environment, agriculture, economies, food security etc. Water scarcity in developing countries is driven by climate change and has triggered the need for urgent solutions across the continents. While opportunities exist to enhance currently available fresh water resources, including desalination and wastewater treatment, these methods have been environmentally devastating and costly. Atmospheric extraction could revolutionize ...

In this work, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) as an innovative development route was introduced for the following of heavy crude oil oxidation. Moreover, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) confirmed results that gained by EPR techniques. Herein, we investigated two heavy crude oils based on temperature-dependence initiation process on the kinetics of LTO in the temperature range from room-temperature to 200?C, in the presence of hydropeoxide as an initiator. Without hydroperoxide, the behavior of two he...

The consumption of oil for human needs is increasing in the modern word. With that needs, it is important to use the conversion of the alternative sources of hydrocarbons. One of the promising sources of them is an oil shale. It is possible to convert this substance via pyrolysis or combustion. The possible degree of conversion of this remarkable biopolymer with the nature origin can reach 40%. Recently, thermal analysis techniques have been widely used for investigation of the oil shale oxidative and inert degrad...

"Sustainability" is a key term, not only when we talk about ?eco buildings?, but also when we talk about lifestyle and development in general. Widespread awareness of climate change, pollution, depletion of natural resources together with huge amount of technical opportunities on global market have triggered professional demands for architects with advanced skills in design. Present task is not only to create new technical variations, but to re-think architectural design process to find a really complex evaluation...

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the viability of investment into a waste water treatment plant using electrochemical clean-up technique which could replace the existing waste water treatment plant operating on reverse osmosis principle. The evaluation was performed from the technological and economical point of view. First, a pilot waste water treatment plant was built within the existing facility and operation parameters were optimized. Next, the efficiency of waste water purification was assessed ba...

Nanoparticles of magnetic fluids are stabilized with various surfactants. Lignosulfonates are water-soluble byproducts of sulfite pulping process. The aim of our work is to estimate possibility of using nitrated lignosulfonates for stabilization of water-based magnetic fluid and determine optimal nitration conditions. Nitrolignosulfonates were synthesized by nitration of sodium lignosulfonates with nitric acid and the products without further purification were used for preparation of magnetic fluid. Magnetic nanop...

The coal gasification process is currently developed as one of clean coal technologies. Gasification is a high-temperature process (above 800 °C) in which the coal reacts with a gasifying agent, e.g. air, oxygen, or water vapor. As a result, under conditions of elevated temperature and pressure, chemical bonds in the molecular structure of coal break up and the mixture of water vapor, oxygen, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen, commonly known as syngas, is produced. The chemical composition of the obtained syngas is de...

At the present day, requirements to the quality of marine fuel and to the volumes of air pollutant emissions become stricter for shipping in the Arctic Region. This article states that one of the most important ways to follow the emission limits is switching the ice-rated vessels to liquefied natural gas (LNG) as fuel. As compared with oil fuels, LNG has the superior calorific value and the best physical characteristic. It is noted that Russia has a number of opportunities to apply LNG both for supply of water and...

In nature simultaneous manifestation of several processes takes place: diffusion and filtration of hydrocarbons, their emergence, overflows along tectonic fractures, etc. Other things being equal, the dispersion of gas accumulations occurs much faster than oil accumulation, due to greater mobility (migration ability) gases, better solubility in water, higher diffusion capacity, etc. All these natural processes that can lead to the redistribution or destruction of oil and gas accumulations take place mainly over a ...

The Rutbah formation is one of the most important reservoirs at the Saban field east of Syria, it can hold up to 40 % of the hydrocarbon volume at the area. The Rutbah formation sediments are belong to the early Cretaceous (late Neocomian age). The Rutbah formation sediments at the Saban field are subdivided according to the well logs accompanied with sedimentological data into two parts from down to top which are; the lower Rutbah and the upper Rutbah. The lower Rutbah forms a good quality reservoir with typical ...

Mining and chemical industry is a source of significant anthropogenic impact on natural components. Industrial wastes of Rozdil state mining and chemical enterprise (SMCE) ?Sirka? are one of the sources of environmental pollution, including soils and the water environment. The enterprise is located in the West of Ukraine (Lviv region). It poses an environmental hazard to the Dniester River and surrounding settlements. Large-tonnage wastes like phosphogypsum (over 3 million tons) were formed on its territory in con...

For the analysis of heavy oil samples of the Ashalchinskoye deposit the combined nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method to measure the free-induction decay (FID) together with the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) echo signal?s decay was used. The measurements were carried out on a NMR analyzer Chromatek-Proton 20M, operating at a frequency of 20 MHz. Special control program was created on the NMR analyzer, which automatically tunes and measures full FID curve, then switches to measuring the echo amplitudes decay ...

This article provides a review of recent unfolding geopolitical situation on the world stage. China and Russia have taken huge steps to create alternatives to USD dominated trade and finance. Not too long ago surplus trade countries such as China, Russia and the rest had no choice but to buy U.S. Treasury securities with their surplus USD enabling U.S. currency printing and war waging. China and Russia have accumulated massive amounts of physical gold, amid increased economic sanctions and trade war with U.S. Join...

In general, there is no natural soil surface that would not be threatened by water erosion. However, a number of methods that estimate the erosive soil risk incorrectly exclude forests and flat agricultural land from the category of areas vulnerable to water erosion. Forests are known for their soil protection functions, when a dense tree canopy interrupts precipitation and decreases the kinetic energy of water drops falling on the soil surface. Moreover, the top organic soil layer in forests has a very good infil...

The objective of this research is to study in laboratory?s materials such as: cationic bituminous emulsions, aggregates, fly ash, etc., in order to develop optimal and appropriate mix formula for "cold" waste asphalt recycling with the addition of slow breaking cationic bituminous emulsions, fly ash, cement and natural aggregates. The purpose of this approach is to obtain an "optimal combination" comprising the above-mentioned materials as well as the mixing of the wear layer on the surface of the road on which th...

Thermal recovery methods within catalytic aquathermolysis is a new promising exploitation approach in extracting heavy oil and natural bitumen. In this technology, the catalyst is added in a stage of injecting high-temperature steam. At the pay zone, three types of reactions takes place: thermolysis, reaction of high temperature steam and catalysis. As a result, the injected steam changes to water transferring its heat to rocks across the interface. Thus, the interfaces of catalyst solutions and hot rocks are cruc...

This article presents the thermodynamic properties of an ecological alternative which can be used in an air-water heat pump. The experimental setup is located in a students? Laboratory of the Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest and uses three types of energy sources: the ambient air, the sun and electricity, for hot water production. This paper focuses on the natural alternatives: hydrocarbons and their mixtures. None of the above refrigerants is perfect; they all have both advantages and disadvant...

Forests are the most natural sites, associated inseparably with the landscape of Poland. They perform a variety of functions: ecological, protective, economic and social. All of these functions are based on proper forest management. Forests occupy 28% of the country?s area, with state-owned forests accounting for 78 percent and private forests for 17 percent. Compared to the neighbouring countries, the part of the area of Poland covered by forests is small. Uneven distribution of forests in the country, the small ...

Asphaltenes extracted from a sample of high-viscosity oils from the Ashalchinskoye deposit of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Boka de Haruko deposit of the Republic of Cuba, as well as a sample of oxidized road bitumen of the BND 50/70 grade produced by TAIF-NK of the Republic of Tatarstan. Five fractions of asphaltenes of these oils and petroleum products were obtained by stepwise extraction with an alcohol-benzene solvent with different alcohol content after precipitation of asphaltenes from oil with hot isooc...

There is a significant number of historical buildings with different destinations in Romania and all of these are yet dealing with major problems in terms of energy efficiency. The legal status of these buildings involves various restrictions concerning solutions that might be applied in order to ensure its? energy efficiency. Therefore, applying the classic solutions to maintain the thermal comfort within patrimony buildings becomes very hard to accomplish or even impossible in some cases. The purpose of the stud...

The article discusses the need to introduce energy management of municipally-owned buildings provided by the concept of Smart Cities. Cities use many buildings. These buildings also have a different nature of use, such as offices, schools, social care homes, etc. All these buildings consume energy that needs to be monitored and regulated. Energy management needs a large amount of relevant data on these buildings together in one comprehensive system. When planning building revitalization, it is necessary to have su...

An increasing frequency and magnitude of flash floods motivates water managers and other authorities to focus on enhancing flood protection of small headwater watersheds, which are especially vulnerable to this type of flooding. One of the ways how to achieve this goal is to increase the volume of existing small water reservoirs (SWR) dedicated to store flood wave. This paper investigates the possibilities of utilizing a SWR Vrbovce (west of Slovakia), which is currently being used for water supply and fishery, in...

In the recent decades, environmental pollution has been one of the major interesting research subjects where pollution might have a direct influence on public health and possibly cause serious and irretrievable damage to the Earth. The aim was to determine the levels of the heavy metals, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni, in soil of urban areas in the city of Brno (Czech Republic). Soil analysis was performed on urban soil from the same layer, where the soil samples come from the depth of 20 cm. These samples were taken f...

The concept of Architectural Gerontology that is presented here is based on the past 50 years of architectural research. Initially, it was part of the social gerontology that later developed in to a separate discipline. Within the boundaries of architectural gerontology there are many research areas some of which are: 1) social demographics, accounting the needs of citizens with limited mobility; 2) the urban planning, optimizing the reduced mobility livelihood in the structure of urban residential areas; 3) the t...

Reservoir description is rapidly increasing with the help of advancing computing possibilities. Although machines become more efficient, it is necessary to have accurate input data and plenty of data points to achieve reliable results. However, in the case of both old Romanian hydrocarbon reservoirs and some of the new ones, not too many data points are available. In this situation, no matter the computing power of the machine or the computing algorithm, detailed reservoir description is limited. This paper extend...

The article outlines the results of magnetizing roasting of manganiferous technogenic raw materials investigation, which were conducted to study the process of magnetizing roasting of «Tur» deposit manganiferous sludge. Magnetizing roasting of sludge was carried out, size of 0.045-0.315 mm. During the process of magnetizing roasting, the coal of Shubarkol class -3 + 2 mm was used. According to the analysis, Shubarkul coal has the following composition, %: ash - 4.87; moisture-4.71; volatile-42.02. After roasting o...

After the adoption of the Law no. 221/2015 and the new Code of Contracts, Legislative Decree no. 50/2016, Italy has become the first European country that has imposed Minimum Environmental Criteria (MEC) thus amplifying the importance of Green Public Procurement (GPP), already widespread in Europe since the late 90's in a totally voluntary way. In Italy, MEC have been approved with specific Decrees by the Ministry of the Environment and concern numerous areas of intervention (mainly as regards the supply of goods ...

This paper presents the possibility of using landscape metrics in the process of modeling vulnerability analysis of landscape qualities that should be protected when considering spatial decisions about its future land use. Modeling was carried out on the lower part of Krka River basin, in the Mediterranean part of Croatia. This area is under protection as a significant landscape according to the Croatian Nature Protection Act and it was chosen due to heavy developmental pressures that have resulted and still threa...

Flow of gases through the porous media is a phenomenon commonly occurring in nature and in industrial processes. Very often these flows take place in rock media. Most often these media occur in a form of porous rock massifs (used in exploitation of crude oil and natural gas), broken roof rock blocks (forming the goaf with cacing in hard coal mines) and post-mining waste dumps (mining dumps). In each of these porous media there occur free, often empty spaces of different shapes and dimensions. These spaces, dependi...

This paper presents the research on the sedimentation process assisted with coagulation process. The main purpose of this project is to determine the method of coagulant dose selection during the sedimentation of the coal suspension. Measurements have been made for various sedimentation intensification techniques: the use of coagulant, the use of lamella, and the use of both techniques simultaneously. The efficiency of the sedimentation process was compared using various intensification techniques. The studies wer...

In this paper, we have studied the changes in the rheological and hydromechanical properties of oil environments (oil, fuel oil, diesel fraction) at various rates of their flow and turbulence in the temperature range. A formula has been developed and the mechanism of action of a viscous-turbulent additive with a nanocomplex in the temperature range from 20 ° C to -5 ° C has been studied. The action of this composition (additive) is based on the formation of new straight-chain structures - "macromolecules" due to a...

The purpose of this study is to determine the volatile organic compounds, which are responsible for the flavor found in sour cherry distillates from various regions, in order to create a comparative study, i.e. to determine criteria used in their qualitative evaluation. In fruit distillates, a big number of volatile organic compounds has already been determined. The characteristics for differentiating the different kinds of distillates are based on the major differences of relative concentration of the compound cl...

This paper describes the current applied research of microwave pyrolysis (MP) treatment of sewage sludge at laboratory and full-scale conditions at University of Pavia (UNIPV) and Brno University of Technology, AdMaS research centre (BUT AdMaS). Disposal of sewage sludge is becoming one of the most important issues in waste water management in EU, particularly thermal treatment and reuse of sludge. Thermal treatment is often associated with incineration, but there are alternative methods such as gasification or py...

Due to climate change, the urban heat island effect and associated change in the microclimate becomes more and more of an issue in our cities. As the density of the built environment increases, green spaces are often reduced or altogether neglected, even though it is well known, that these green spaces are an effective way to improve the microclimate in urban areas. Adding green facades and rooftops thus represent viable ways to actively integrate plants into the building skin. At the same time the share of renewa...

Based on the environmental minimum criteria that have just been introduced in Italian legislation, new constructions should consider the environmental impact of used building products by calculating the degree of disassemblability and recyclability. How much will today's Italian buildings be disassembled? What is the degree of recyclability of the used materials? The paper introduces a new instrument, called environmental quantity survey which cares cost aspects but also those who will directly impact on the envir...

The dynamic architecture is not only the architecture of the movement as such, associated only with a spatial object changes, but also the architecture with qualitative changes occurring in time. Thus the concept of dynamic architecture does not exclude principles of permanence and stability. With the development of computer technology it became possible to create the complex structures that contain information about variable spatial configurations determined by different conditions. In the end, the architectural ...

The development of oil deposits in the Republic of Tatarstan is entering a late stage. Deposits of natural bitumen of Cheremshano-Yamashinskaya structural zone, in particular, Ashalchinskoye, Mordovo-Karmalskoye and others, were studied. For their development requires the use of active methods ? method of thermal (steam-thermal) impact. The use of method is limited by the stability conditions of its fluid seals. Fluid seals are the layers of ?lingul clay? ? deposits of the Kazanian stage. They are represented by c...

Although hydropower is one of the oldest energy sources used by man, it is still the leading green, nonpolluting and renewable source for electricity generation worldwide. Hydroelectric power generation is also the most efficient method of large scale electric power generation. Estimates show that there is a huge worldwide capacity of unutilized hydropower potential. Therefore, there are many opportunities for new hydroelectric power plants throughout the world, which makes the study and design of new and improved...

Critical literature studies indicated that there had been numerous methods for estimating the value, management models as well as indicators and criteria for the quantitative and qualitative assessment of post-industrial areas. All of them supported post-industrial area management, but neither of them took into account the simultaneous evaluation of economic, social and environmental aspects - especially important for the inclusion of these areas into the socio-economic cycle. Identified gaps in knowledge allowed ...