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Geophysical studies on the lunar surface have, in the past, used various methods that contribute not only towards the knowledge of the lunar subsurface but also contribute towards the design of future lunar missions, namely those that will, in the near future, take humans to the Moon-s surface. This work analyzes a specific set of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data, collected during the Chang-E-4 mission of the Chinese Space Agency, using theYutu-2 rover within the von Karman crater, on the far-side of the Moon. ...

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) is a promising research direction to their ability to imitate certain functions of brain. Hardware acceleration of SNN can offer orders of magnitude increase in performance and power efficiency. However, traditional hardware description languages have a barrier for rapid development and prototyping of custom internal hardware mechanisms that affect hardware construction throughout the entire processor structure. Mainstream high-level design methods also have disadvantages, e.g. poor ...

In the development of high technologies, -lightweight- - rare metals - are of great importance. Almost all modern devices: from a player to an electric bus cannot do without them. These metals are used in mechanical and aircraft manufacturing, digital technologies, and medicine; the implementation of a green program without them is generally impossible. According to statistical forecasts, the need for rare metals will only grow every year. During the Soviet period, most of the rare metal deposits were mined; small...

Utilizing algorithms for imaging medical results from CT, MRI, and PET into Virtual Reality. There is a growing interest in the field of medical imaging in understanding the impact of algorithm parameters on the quality and interpretability of the obtained images. In the developed software VRMed3D aimed at educating students using medical images in virtual reality technology, Gaussian noise was utilized to identify the most effective edge detection algorithms. The search was for an algorithm that provided the most...

In the present, regional policy faces the demanding task of developing suitable decision-making tools for regional development that will effectively take into account the need to mitigate climate impacts. Blue-green infrastructure (BGI) emerges as one of the most promising tools in this field. BGI represents an integrated approach that harnesses the synergistic effect of natural and civic systems to manage water, regulate climate, and protect biodiversity. This comprehensive approach not only helps reduce the risk...

An attack with a "improvised" explosive device (IED) is when someone uses a bomb and/or destructive device to cause damage, render someone helpless, harass, or divert attention. Terrorists, criminals, vandals, suicide bombers, and rebels all utilize IEDs. IEDs can take many different shapes because they are improvised; they can be as simple as a pipe bomb or as complex as a sophisticated weapon that can inflict significant damage and casualties. IEDs can be transported or carried in a car; they can also be deliver...

The relevance of the research lies in the fact that the well-being of the Ukrainian nation, present and future generations, largely depends on the preservation of existing ecosystems, their support, and the enhancement of their quality and biodiversity. Particular attention should be paid to the problem of land cover degradation. Land cover currently holds a unique status regarding food security and is a dominant source for renewing crucial biospheric functions, ensuring the diversity of living organisms. The anth...

Reducing the risk of occurrence of phenomena such as poisoning, as a result of the untimely penetration of a certain amount of toxic gases, inside a ventilation installation, is a priority, regarding the health and safety of workers, material assets and the negative influence on the environment, due to the possible problems caused by the occurrence of toxic atmospheres, formed by mixing air with toxic gases and vapors. In closed or semi-closed industrial and non-industrial buildings, effective ventilation is the p...

Understanding the nature and role of customer relationship management (hereinafter CRM) is an important prerequisite for business success. A customer requires the company to adhere to certain quality standards as well as affects the performance and management of the company. Customer relationships could be managed and developed to attract new customers and increase business profitability and customer loyalty. The customer is the most valuable asset of a company that helps to achieve goals set by the company. In La...

This paper presents the monitoring of an eroding phenomenon (gully) near Ciurila, Cluj County, Romania, using UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) technologies. In this sense, the monitoring results through sustainable and non-invasive technologies are presented, following four cycles of observations, carried out between June 2019 and April 2021. The paper aims to present the advantages and limitations of such a study, as well as the importance of monitoring erosion phenomena...

Constructions extending over large areas or distances raise problems regarding their setting out, because these elements are determined in the official projection of Romania, namely the 1970 Stereographic map projection. For the territory of our country, this produces distortions from -25 cm/km to approximately +64 cm/km in terms of distances and between -5 sq. m/ha and +12.76 sq. m/ha in terms of areas, depending on the distance from the projection pole and, implicitly, from the circle of zero distortions. For th...

Kazakhstan is on leading position in the world in terms of reserves and mining of copper ores. There are 30 deposits with approved reservest. Nowadays, the copper industry of the Rrepublic is provided with a raw material base. Among them, the Zhezkazgan deposit remains unique in terms of reserves and a set of components. The main geological and industrial types of copper deposits (in terms of mining) are deposits of copper sandstones (58%), copper pyrite (17.1%), copper porphyry (8.2%), scarn (4.2%), etc. In the t...

Receiver function analysis is a critical tool in seismology, used to study the deep structure of the crust and upper mantle. Information about the deep structure of the crust and seismicity is important initial data for developing a source model and seismic hazard assessment. The presence of sharp discontinuities beneath the monitoring station induces the generation of converted body waves, which propagate at slower velocities than those of the primary P-wave. Receiver function analysis utilizes the lag between th...

Hydrogen, known for its high flammability and potential explosive characteristics, presents significant challenges in safety engineering, particularly in enclosed spaces where explosions can lead to catastrophic consequences. This paper presents the results of physical experiments conducted to investigate the linear propagation of hydrogen explosions within confined environments. The experiments were designed to simulate real-world scenarios and assess the factors influencing the extent and characteristics of expl...

This paper presents the results of laboratory processing tests conducted to explore the potential for beneficiation of a wollastonite mineral (calcium metasilicate, CaSiO3). The ore studied comes from a mineralized body located in the southern part of Sardinia (Italy), which has been studied in the past with geological surveys and sampling. In the investigated area the mineralization was very irregular. The encasing rocks consist of schist and the mineralized body is composed of wollastonite associated with limest...

The certification requirements for electrical equipment used in potentially explosive environments are outlined in EU Directive 2014/34. In order to certify electrical equipment used in potentially explosive environments, the EU has set requirements. Certification and compliance requirements are outlined in EU Directive 2014/34. All electrical equipment used in potentially explosive environments must abide by this guideline. Electrical equipment makers and their authorized representatives are subject to the direct...

The basic structural and functional element of a belt conveyor is the conveyor belt, which is supported by carrying rollers. Research in this area is important for increasing the service life of mining belt conveyor components. The rollers are subject to various forms of wear. Tribological interactions between the roller, the conveyor belt, and the particles of the transported material or impurities from the environment that enter the tribological system cause various forms of mechanical wear. Abrasion is the pred...

The overall objective of using Normalized Digital Vegetation Index - NDVI is to improve the analysis of vegetation information with remote sensing data. Such estimates are often derived by correlating the NDVI values measured remotely with the ground measured values of some variables. In the conditions of the experiment carried out with zucchini the NDVI index was measured with a Trimble Green Seeker handheld sensor at the full growth. Applied fertilizers contain various nitrogen and phosphorus sources, including ...

The parameters of strong ground motions necessary for seismic hazard assessing of construction sites have pronounced regional differences. In inaccessible and poorly studied areas, the development of a ground motion prediction equation (GMPE) requires determination of regional characteristics of the radiation and propagation of seismic waves, in particular, the quality factor of the lithosphere. This work is devoted to determination of the quality factor and its frequency dependence for the Lena Delta, one of the ...

The geometric levelling of the highest order has been the main method for many scientific and engineering tasks for more than 150 years. One of them is the monitoring of the recent vertical movements of the Earth-s crust. In order to understand the low of accumulation of the discrepancies in levelling lines, many investigators have planned and performed various experiments and analysis through the years. As a result, the systematic effects of many sources of measurement errors have been studied, and partly or full...

Excessive input of nitrogen and phosphorus into water systems causes eutrophication. Efforts to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agriculture in the Baltic Sea region are crucial. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of nitrogen application rates in the form of mineral fertilizer on concentrations of Ntot, NO3-N, Ptot, and PO4-P (mg L-1) in runoff at the level of experimental fields. This study analyzed data from October 2014 to April 2022 collected from the Mellupite monitoring station, where exp...

In Kazakhstan, the main porphyry copper deposits are located in the Northern Balkhash region. The Konyrat, Aktogay, Aidarly, and Borly copper-porphyry deposits have been explored and exploited in this area. The main reserves of the country's copper raw materials are associated with these deposits. The Eastern Balkhash region is part of the North Balkhash ore zone. Previous studies on the Eastern Balkhash region focused on the Aktogay region and did not pay due attention to the southern part of the East Balkhash re...

In this work, I used the data from the geophysics portal of the Geological Institute of Romania (maps, sections), field measurements as well as the WGM 2012 model from the International Gravimetric Bureau. The measurements carried out in the south of the Southern Carpathians were represented by magnetometric measurements. Corroboration of geophysical information with geological and tectonic ones led to the confirmation of deep structures. The geological sources, which give geophysical samples specific to each geop...

This article explores the challenges and opportunities presented by the integration of GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) models in higher education. It examines the implications for teaching methodologies, student engagement, and the potential risks associated with the reliance on AI tools in academic settings. It highlights the benefits of AI in providing personalized, efficient and flexible learning environments, enhancing student engagement, and supporting individualized learning. However, it also addres...

In the present study a set of two deterministic earthquake scenarios (expressed in peak ground acceleration and macroseismic intensity MSK) are generated for the city of Sofia - the capital of Bulgaria. The study is guided by the perception that usable and realistic, based on both local seismic history and tectonic setting, ground motion maps to be produced for urban area. The city is situated in the center of the Sofia area that is the most populated (the population is of more than 1.2 mil. inhabitants), industri...

From a scientific point of view, the origins of design thinking can be traced back to the late 1960s. The very concept of "design thinking" appeared in the late 1980s and 1990s, when Rolf Faste began teaching design thinking as a "method of creative action" at Stanford University. Since then, various definitions of this concept have been added to the literature. Although design thinking is a business methodology, today it is widely used in the public, non-governmental, health and education sectors. With a view to ...

The paper presents a theoretical and practical approach to the concept of risk assessment specific for the demolition of the industrial civil objectives with the help of explosives in terms of ensuring security premises for the effects generated following the blasting demolition work of this type of constructions. Blasting realization of industrial civil objectives to be demolished involves a series of operations that generate health and safety risks to economic operator employees which are carrying out work and f...

The evaluation of computer simulation and modeling methods of pull processes carried out in open pit mines is a broad and complex topic, which involves the analysis and comparison of different techniques and tools used to simulate and model pull processes in quarries and open pit mines. The importance of computer simulation and modeling of recovery processes plays a crucial role in optimizing resource extraction, reducing costs, minimizing environmental impact, and ensuring worker safety. These technologies make i...

Climate change requires significant measures to adapt existing cities to new requirements; extensive urban renewal actions are therefore necessary. In order to be financially sustainable, such investments are mainly based on real estate and market operations, also at long term. The current valuation practice would require to resort to appraisal methods based on actual, historical market data, also known as Revealed Preference Methods (RPMs), which allow to derive the preferences expressed by the actions of market....

The coastal beach-dune systems along the Bulgarian coast are of significant ecological import, necessitating rigorous monitoring and management. Oversight and dune management inaccuracies have been recurrently identified, particularly within the Bulgarian Black Sea coast cadastral registers. This research highlights discrepancies in depositional areas, such as Asparuhovo-Varna, Byala, Burgas-South, and Poda beach-dune systems. The coastal dunes within these regions have been systematically documented through detai...

This study presents an review of the geophysical and geological data available for the Bulgarian Black Sea shelf, highlighting the methodologies employed for data storage and their effectiveness. Such data are crucial for understanding the shelf's historical dynamics and ongoing changes, serving as a foundation for various scientific investigations. Through an analysis of geological, morphological, geophysical, and geochronological data, we trace the evolution of the shelf's structure and movements, delineating it...

The challenges raised by climate changes are diverse and unpredictable to the extent that makes them hard to manage after the onset. Under such conditions the trends assessment is a valuable approach, which enables efficient preparation to the expected effects and impacts. The process of adaptation provides possibility to reduce possible losses and create background for some benefits from changing climate. A variety of solutions and strategies for adapting urban areas to climate changes is already available for an...

The United Nations- Sustainable Development Goals have recently challenged organizations to start consistent transformation in order to foster sustainability in future economy and society. One of the key enablers of this tr-nsformation was the European Union-s Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive, which amended non-financial reporting with sustainability reporting. As a result, the first global sustainability standards have been developed, which gave the accountancy profession a key role in helping organiz...

Raw materials are essential for Europe-s industrial base, as they are used to produce vital goods and technologies. The European Comission-s assessment identifies lithium and tin as critical and strategic raw materials due to rising demand. A PhD thesis aims to create a 3D geological model of the Argemela District in Central Portugal to provide vital information about the genesis of the hydrothermal tin and lithium mineralizations founded in the region. The study places emphasis on the very-low-frequency (VLF) ele...

This paper presents a multidisciplinary approach to analyzing data from Telegram for early warning information regarding cyber threats. With the proliferation of hacktivist groups utilizing Telegram to disseminate information regarding future cyberattacks or to boast about successful ones, the need for effective data analysis methods is paramount. The primary challenge lies in the vast number of channels and the overwhelming volume of data, necessitating advanced techniques for discerning pertinent risks amidst th...

This research paper explores the advancement of computer simulation techniques to improve the safety, efficiency, and environmental sustainability of civil explosives in various engineering applications. The study emphasizes the critical role that computer simulations play in modeling and optimizing blasting techniques, allowing for precise predictions of explosive behavior under diverse conditions. By simulating the detonation processes and their impacts, engineers can develop safer and more efficient blasting pr...

Windbreaks play a crucial role in mitigating the impacts of climate change and preserving agricultural landscapes. This study addresses the knowledge gap concerning windbreaks in Slovakia, analysing 47 windbreaks comprising 24 trees and shrubs species. Predominantly, windbreaks feature Robinia pseudoacacia (21.8%), Populus nigra (16%), and Acer platanoides (8.7%) among trees, and Rosa canina (18.4%), Sambucus nigra (3.5%), and Crataegus oxyacantha (2.5%) among shrubs. Spatial analysis underscores variations in win...

The modern monitoring and control systems that are currently used in most fields are based on intelligent algorithms, distributed management systems, and a new generation of communication buses. For the monitoring and control of the processes inside a greenhouse, the use of sophisticated algorithms or complex devices is not required. However, to make the activity more efficient and increase the production of a greenhouse, a proposed solution is to use data management and control system such as PLC and HMI devices,...

Construction using 3D printer technology seems to be not just a passing trend and a growing number construction companies are approaching this new construction methodology. Although construction processes with printers are becoming standardized, it is also true that many other aspects must be considered in the design phase. Better this construction methodology becomes known, more architects and engineers will have to learn how to design these constructions, in the methods of statics, systems, etc. A very important...

Economic and ecological goals of urban society. These goals are important for the fulfillment of all legislative and ecological requirements on the part of the Czech Republic, but also on the part of the European Union or the European Commission. This article is being prepared for the relevant project called CEVYKO. of this article will be a description of the economic and environmental goals that the project is to use in the future. The CEVYKO project is a purely municipal task and the goal is to build a modern t...

Precise levelling networks play an important role in the research of many scientific processes, e.g. the recent crustal movements, the change of ocean and sea levels, geoid or quasi-geoid, etc. Their appropriate adjustment goes through the choice of suitable weights, which have physical common sense and minimize the standard errors of the adjusted heights. The conventional weights are supposed to be inversely proportional to the length of levelling lines, due to the assumption that the accumulation of errors in th...

After war conflicts or crisis situations, the recovery of territorial communities becomes the most important task for ensuring stability and development. However, effective recovery requires not only material but also informational and communication efforts aimed at forming a positive image and attracting investment. Ukraine has suffered significant damage as a result of the full-scale military aggression, so there is a great need for the implementation of public administration mechanisms to attract investment for...

Rapid urbanization across Lagos, Nigeria has driven extensive land cover modifications with significant climatic impacts. This study analyzed interlinkages between land use land cover (LULC) transformations and land surface temperature (LST) shifts in the intensely developing Lagos suburb of Ikorodu from 1991-2021 utilizing robust geospatial techniques. Multi-spectral Landsat 5, 7 and 8 data enabled reliable LULC classification into five covers using a Random Forest algorithm. Subsetting the Ikorodu area facilitat...

Accurate 3D data from indoor environments play a crucial role in construction, indoor navigation, real estate management, and many more applications. Mobile scanning systems, including simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) and mobile devices equipped with LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) and modern techniques like Matterport, provide efficient means to create virtual models of measured objects (and even generate point clouds). However, it is essential to note that the quality of these methods often needs...

The results of our study revealed regional peculiarities, which showed an excess of the share of PM10 compared to PM2.5 in the rank distribution and high concentration of soot in the level of impact on public health. It was found that the distribution in terms of contribution to the total risk value (HQ) of the main pollutants is highest in all three zones: carbon (soot), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), suspended solids (PM), where the main share is suspended particles up to 10 microns (PM10). Among the studied zones, zon...

Aggregate is one of the essential components of artificial structures. Aggregate is obtained by mining, as is the case with mineral raw materials. The output of aggregate mining is, in addition to the main product, also a secondary one - sludge. Sludge is an integral part of the wet processing of the most minor aggregate fractions. The amount of sludge in quarries is increasing, while the task of sludge management is to find a purpose for it and thus utilize it. Sludge management methods must consider the most neg...

The study aims to identify the optimal operating conditions of wells to increase oil recovery without incurring additional costs for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). The study analyzes various scenarios based on different properties of geological formations and wells. This work was carried out using three-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling. These models represent a simplified hydrodynamic model of a real object, which was created for the purpose of analyzing the processes being studied, but does not claim to be a compl...

This paper refers on the outcomes of an experimental study developed in an industrial plant in the centre of Italy in which dust emission represents an important annoyance affecting the whole activity and so requiring to be managed in order to guarantee legal compliance but, above all, a safe workplace. This case study consists in the assessment of the efficacy of different reduction measures designed to avoid and, where not possible, to reduce dust emissions from stockpiles. According to a monitoring campaign bas...

The sustainable water management is a process based on a brief knowledge about the water resources availability. The water lack or excess in the form of droughts or flooding, and/or improper water use can cause serious disruptions in the water management process with negative effects on the water supply, economy, and the human and ecosystems well-being. To minimize the negative consequences a specialized research is needed. It requires a complex study that allows objectively detecting of critical aspects in the wa...

Camilo Ponce Enriquez is in the southwest coastal zone of Ecuador, and it is surrounded by 4 river basins (Gala, Tenguel, Siete and Pagua) with an area of 1,780 km2. Mining has been the main economic activity since 1980 and is classified as Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining Activity. However, since 2000s there is evidence of contamination by heavy metals in water and sediments due to irregular mining practices and inefficiency environmental-s regulations. Despite the evidence, there are not enough scientific studie...