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Water serves as a medium for fundamental process phases (e.g. tanning and dyeing) in leather production. The reduction of water consumption per product unit has been an environmental priority for European tanners over the years. This is possible mainly through the setting of continuous improvement objectives aiming at developing water efficient processes and water recycling technologies. The paper analyses the pickling operation, for bovine hides processing. The aim is to develop an automation system which will re...

In the production of electricity in the Thermal Power Plants, coal is one of the fuels. After burning coal, is resulting large amounts of waste in the form of slag and ash stored in ponds. After completing the submission of slag and ashes in ponds they have to rentered in the natural circuit. Soil of tailing ponds has a small grain size and is permeable, the structure of ponds are landscaped with irrigation systems and drainage water. Also soils have a low nutrient content and contain certain chemicals that could ...

The noise of bandconveyors used in industry, according to the rules must be reduced below the maximum permissible areas where they are located. To reduce the level of noise pollution in the operation area on the bandconveyors can be used soundproufing panels. In order to not influence the placement of the panels of geographical conditions they can be placed directly on the metal structure of bandconveyors. Panels installed on bandconveyors to isolate sound can be damaged by vibrations arising in their structure. V...

Sulphur is one of the major constituents of lignite. In addition, it is used to measure the negative environmental impacts of this raw material. The presented study included field work and laboratory work. Field work was aimed at collecting coal samples, which were subjected to a series of laboratory tests. In total, about 150 coal samples were collected and used for proximate analysis. In addition, a large database of archival results from mines and scientific literature was collected. Overall, more than 4000 coa...

In this paper we present the results of an analysis of 15 years of continuous GNSS/GPS measurements in Romania. The purpose of this work is threefold: monitoring of crustal changes occurring in the Romanian territory in correlation with tectonic processes in South-East Europe (Africa-Europe plate interaction), observation of crustal movements in order to establish the surface-to-depth relationship of deep earthquakes in the area of the Eastern Carpathians bend zone (Vrancea region) and improving the accuracy of th...

The urgency of sustainable development in the world requires seeking solutions to chronic problems of a number of the past decades. Several of the problems are associated with the environment and food supply. The current food supply system was based on conventional farming, yet such food was produced making negative environmental impacts. Organic primary food production is an alternative to the system, which is based on organic farms, the number of and the land area managed by which have considerably increased. In...

The main scope of underground gas storage reservoir is to maintain a constant pressure in the national transmission system and balance demand fluctuation on the market, respectively to meet the load variations. Underground gas storage reservoirs also play an important and strategic role as regards maintaining the fundamental parameters (pressure and flow rate) of the transmission system within optimal values. The underground storage activity is considered to be an efficient process allowing a constant delivery in ...

The designation of protected natural areas aims to preserve the natural elements where the ecological balance is becoming unstable. Gradually, the role of the strict nature protection begins to be phased out, whereas most protected areas are an integral part of human settlements or represent points of tourist attraction for nature lovers. It is therefore necessary to harmonise the nature protection with the spatial development in order to minimize the negative environmental impacts and maximize the economic benefi...

Until recently, the effect of various factors, which are due to the stressed state and physical weathering of a massif on the development of microfractures in igneous rocks in elastic-brittle state has been poorly studied. Therefore, the genesis of fractures of various sizes cannot be revealed and the strength of the massif cannot be reliably forecasted. The authors have assessed the conditions and formation pattern of microfractures in rapakivi granites from the Salmi massif, the Fennoscandian Shield, which displ...

The analytical review was conducted of modern scientific-technical, regulatory, and methodological literature in the area of existing experience in assessing the sustainability of coastal systems and coastal infrastructure, as applied to marine spatial planning. The analysis showed that currently there is no uniform approach to the assessment of sustainability of coastal systems and coastal infrastructure, as well as various impacts on the environment. The existing global and regional concepts of assessment of coa...

The requirements for maritime application are very strict because of the effects of seawater on the materials. All the devices operating in seawater should be waterproof because of corrosion and electricity dangerous. This problem is more important for electric motors and other equipment with rotating parts where there is a necessity to seal the output shaft and other connecting features in order to isolate the motor from penetrating of seawater. Differential pressure between seawater and air in the motor causes a...

The main aim of our paper is to analyze and make proposals on the effective management of individual items that have a significant impact on profit or loss and the possibility of elimination of production risks. Attention is paid to the issue of management of production risks in the manufacturing plant in Slovakia. To obtain the necessary data, we draw information from internal materials. For management, it is important to know what risks it could negatively affect them. Identification, quantification of impacts a...

The activities carried out in the georeactor area during and after the completion of the process of extracting fuels based on underground coal gasification have a significant role in minimizing the environmental impact of the technology. Selecting the optimum, most effective method of removing contaminants from the underground coal gasification process should help to increase the safety of the process. The article deals with the idea of filling a post-processing cavern. The method involving geotechnics used to fil...

As a result of the massive industrialization, the eastern area of the Jiu Valley presents a significant degradation on the environment factors especially on the soil and water. The influence of mining activities on the environment begins with the prospecting and mining activity of the mining deposits and increases with the development of the productive activities. In the Eastern part of the Jiu Valley there are two active mining fields of a total of seven. The choice of the sites for the mining perimeters and the ...

This work presents the results of the study of the different content (0-7 wt.% in increment of 1 wt%) effect of bentonite microparticles on the mechanical and barrier properties of gelatin/potato starch/glycerol (90/10/30 wt.%) edible biocomposite films. The biocomposite films are prepared by casting method from film-forming water solution and characterized by thickness, moisture content, transparency, mechanical test at puncturing, water barrier properties and water solubility. Increasing the concentration of ben...

Podhale (S Poland) is one of the most promising regions in the country in terms of its geothermal resource potential. The use of geothermal waters for heating purposes commenced there in the beginning of the 1990s. The Podhale region provides excellent conditions for the use of geothermal energy, such as a well-developed infrastructure for the heating industry, recreation, balneotherapy and other applications. The assessment of the geothermal potential should always take an accurate identification of the geologica...

This study aimed to assess the potential of renewable energy resources in Romania and the potential of distorting the energy resources consumption. In this respect, the authors compared the status of Romania with the status of two other countries, Estonia and Croatia, selected as their development of resource use productivity compared with the GDP expressed in euros, with 2010 as the reference year, is the closest to the growth Romania saw in 2000-2015. By considering, as measures, the average GDP in constant pric...

The article presents the genesis of safety assessment of LNG tankers, along with safety criteria. The utilitarian need to carry out simulation research risk assessment in respect of a LNG carrier manoeuvring in restricted areas has been justified . As a standard vessel an oil tanker has been assumed meeting the authorisation requirements of the the selected LNG terminal. The shipпїЅs operational conditions have been identified and correlated with the manoeuvres in the terminalпїЅs area. The mathematical models of ...

In most industrialized countries the problem of air pollution has become a major concern with significant social and political implications, is considered a barrier to economic and social development, drawing attention to these natural resources, materials and energy are not inexhaustible. In the literature are numerous researches on environmental pollution, correlated or not with the consequences on animals and food of animal origin, and not least on health human. In recent times the environmental pollution has d...

In studies on the assessment of the impact of environmental noise sources, depending on the objective set, there are used various supporting models and technologies. In the article, there was carried out the analysis of the selection of physical and psychoacoustic variables caused by the noise sources. They were determined the basic psychoacoustic measures of sound quality for registered acoustic signals in urban environment. The results were compared with the results obtained in the experiment. There was carried ...

Environmental protection and sustainable development are two of the of great topics of interest and much concern for the new generation of passive dwelling constructors, designerпїЅs architects. In the past less concern was attached to the use of environment friendly materials in harmony with the European legislation for the construction of passive dwellings and to the questions constantly raised by life: constructors and beneficiaries should meet the legislation on these constructions in harmony with the environm...

Proposed methods of thermodynamic description, modeling and calculation for different physico-chemical processes running in various natural and technological systems, represents each of them as a solution (solid, liquid, overcooled) of all its components, which itпїЅs composed, - i.e. with provision of all potentially possible chemical transformations capable to take place in system. Development of the approach includes the correct account of heterogeneous equilibrium of type: the system пїЅ gas environment (atmos...

The Russian poultry farms produce 10 million tons of litter and litter mass annually. These wastes are not disposed of properly, which leads to significant economic and environmental damage. Dry poultry waste can be used as a valuable fertilizer for seedbed preparation and spring fertilizing of winter crops. One of the major limitations for the direct application of organic waste in the soil is the presence of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms, preserving viability and virulence for a long tim...

Zeolites are solids (hydrated aluminosilicate minerals) consist of interlinked tetrahedra of alumina (AlO4) and silica (SiO4). Zeolites are minerals with three-dimensional crystal structure (open crystal structure) built from the elements previously mentioned (Al, Si, O2). They are very stable solid substances with exceptional properties пїЅ they resist of environmental conditions, they resist high pressures, they do not dissolve in water, they do not oxidize in the air. Zeolite structure пїЅ пїЅframework structur...

This article is devoted to the analysis of peculiarities and regularities of traditional nature management systems transformation of the Altai mountain region and characterize the main catalyst factors and modern trends of these changes. The article shows generalized results of long-term researches that employed questionnaire methods (questioning and narrative interview), post-event analysis, geoinformational and cartographical methods. The methods used enabled study of spatial, functional, social and psychologica...

Ultra clean coal (UCC) contains less than one per cent by weight ash. It is created via chemical leaching, because conventional, physical separating techniques cannot achieve this extremely low mineral content. Potential uses for ultra clean coal, apart from power generation, include for example directly fired into gas turbines пїЅ increasing the efficiency of power generation and eliminating the need for ash dams, production of graphite and carbon fibres, wood charcoal alternative for silicon smelting and others....

Paper presents results of 3D modeling and unconventional hydrocarbon resources assessment completed in regional scale on the area of the Eastern part of Paleozoic Baltic Basin. 3D modeling of structural framework, geochemical and petrophysical parameters was performed for Lower Paleozoic strata using Petrel software. The structural model incorporates 8 structural surfaces, 20 faults and stratigraphic information from 84 wells. The model covers an area of 16800 km2 and is divided into 7 zones (500x500 m grid cell s...

Biomass as fuel is processed to make it comfortable for use for energy purposes. Solid compacted biofuels are produced based on sawdust wood or clean wood waste. Their quality is dependent on density, moisture content and chemical composition. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usability of selected compacted fuels (briquettes). This assessment was made upon the basis of a developed total quality index. Compacted biofuels are the products which depend on general market laws and their commercial characteristi...

X-ray absorption near-edge (XANES) spectroscopy is an effective modern tool that can provide unique information on local atomic structure (bond lengths and bond angles) of geological materials. To extract such information with high precision from experimental XANES spectra, advanced theoretical analysis based on supercomputer modeling is needed. XANES spectroscopy and computer modeling have been applied to investigate local atomic structure of some terrestrial and extraterrestrials geological materials. XANES iden...

Concrete and mortar made with Portland cement can be damaged when exposed to solutions containing sulphate. Waste water ofte n contains sulphuric bacteria, and so the piping is frequently damage due to sulphate attack. In case of concrete sewer pipes this phenomenon is caused mainly by the sulphur-o xidising and sulphate-reducing bacteria that are forming part of the biological circulation of sulphur and its compounds in biosphere. These bacteria take part in the dissimilatory part of this cycle and the bacterial ...

Climate change is a serious threat to the e nvironment. The idea of climate envelope is stimulated by the quest for environmental su stainability. ETFE film is highly regarded as a sustainable material, wh ich together with the air makes the system ETFE pillows. Due to its characteristics, ETFE multilayer systems are suita ble for the construction of climatic envelope in certain areas, as well as highly effective modulators of the environment.

The cement as a building material significan tly affects the environment throughout the whole life cycle. The environmental assessm ent of products should be a factor of importance in term of protection of the e nvironment and human safety. Environmental assessment of type I which determines the criteria for materials and products is the most used evaluation process in Slovak Republic. Cements environmental criteri a within the Slovak eco-lab elling process include the energy consumption limitation for production ...

The greatest quantities of waste represent on e of the most acute problems faced by big cities. The huge amounts of household produced by the population, office and small enterprises which provide various services to the population need to be processed in special plants. After this kind of processed it intend to obtained raw materials for manufactured industries and the organic waste will be transformed in compost for agriculture or in methane gas if we have an specifically installation. Such material will be proc...

The health risks for people in residential zones most often result from the dangerous chemicals but also physical risks. Realization of living and working environment protection system which w ould provide harmony between humans, their activities and nature, required an integral approach. The presence of toxins in drinking water and food are significant factors ac ting on human health. The food additives become and increasing hazard and instrument for permanent disruption of human health. The occurrence of lead in...

In the context of sustainable development the problem of water pollution has a greatest importance due to the necessity of ensuring a clean environment for the next generation. Water quality standards provide the framework of accepted water parameters: chemical, physical, microbiological, biochemical, radiological. The European standards show the sampling method and terminology accep ted for that in according with macro- regional environmental conditions. In the present conditions, a good standard of life for peop...

Construction Sand production is done mostly by small mining companies and, because its price is distance dependent, it must be mined as near as possible to its final use, the cities, causing locational and environmental conflicts with economic and socio- environmental impacts. The Piranema Sand District is no exception. Located at 70 km from downtown Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, its 70 small mining companies are the main suppliers of the Rio’s Metropolitan Area, w ith 90% of its demand: a critical success factor...

In this paper we analysed timber and timber based products as renewable materials that can be reused, recycled or used as ener gy source, with minimal waste. In civil engineering the main aspects of environment are: consumption of material and energy for constructing purposes, and emission of harmful materia into the environment during the life cycle of construction. Forest regene ration has certain significance in the system of sustainable development. Wood degradates easily which is an advantage considering the ...

The Middle and Upper Jurassic deposits develop on a large area in Dambovicioara Corridor. In this area belongs both to the “Group of the formations of Braşov” ([8], [9] redefined, emend [3]) and to the “Group of the formations of pre-Leaota” ([9], emend [3]). The group of Braşov covers strictly the area of D\^ambovicioara Basin, and the group of pre-Leaota was extended as well over the fosse Codlea-R\^aşnov-Podul D\^amboviţei and over Şinca-Piatra Craiului [3]. The facies of the two groups are differe...

The North-Bohemian Basin area is known for its largest Czech brown coal deposit. About 50\% brown coal reserves have been exploited in the North-Bohemian Basin by the mining company of Severoceske doly, a.s. (North Bohemian Mines) today. The opencast mining of brown coal naturally led to vast landscape damages. Therefore reclamation work has acquired great significance. The specific feature of Severoceske doly, a.s. mining is the fact that the mining has been realized in two geologically absolutely different local...

The report presents a definition of ecological mapping and classification of maps represented environmental pollution. Examples of mapping on ecological theme in Bulgaria are presented – ecological atlas, ecological maps illustrated statistical data, student’s works and maps for school atlases. The themes of data collection, cartographic methods of representation and mapping of ecological elements give potentialities of ecological mapping. As a result of experiments in this kind of mapping a way for a complex ...