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The Sea of Azov is characterized not only by small sizes and depths for oceanic waters, but also by intensive water exchange with river waters and the waters of the Black sea. These features of the reservoir are superimposed by wind activity, which contributes to the formation of wind surges phenomena. Under their influence, the upper layer of bottom sediments is agitated, accompanied by the transition of previously deposited material into the water column. After the wind action is weakened, the reverse flow of re...

In this study, a procedure was developed for the synthesis of WO3-containing catalysts based on zeolites of the ZSM-5 type. Zeolites with different Si/Al ratios and different numbers of acid sites were used: ZSM-5-CVM, ZSM-5-CVN and ZSM-5-Acros. The synthesized catalysts were characterized and tested in the reaction of the conversion of fructose and glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and levulinic acid. It was shown that the introduction of tungsten (VI) oxide into the composition of ZSM-5 leads to a noticeable in...

In this paper we present a case study on the identification and contouring of a gas deposit, placed mainly in Pontian formations. This study is based on some geological landmarks as well as the interpretation of filtered gravimetric and magnetometric data. The gas deposits determine minimum gravimetric anomalies, under the specific geological conditions of the Transylvanian Basin. Such gravimetric minimum is determined on the one hand by the rise of the salt, and on the other hand by the mass deficit within the sa...

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) use energy consulting as an important instrument for reducing information deficits when investigating savings potentials and measures for improving enterprises? energy efficiency. Since 2012, Germany has implemented a government support program to help cover the costs of energy consulting for small and medium-sized enterprises that have an energy audit carried out by a qualified consultant. This work examines the results of over 290 companies with energy balances in the pe...

The oil price crisis has changed the way how we treat our producing wells. Nowadays production intensification is not just a possible option to increase the flow rate of wells with poor performance, but a treatment we must consider for every well to achieve ultimate productivity. However, before the actual treatment a series of different steps are necessary to take, such as candidate selection, method selection, treatment planning and decision making. These steps require the cooperation of different personnel, mos...

The paper focuses on interconnectedness of human and environment with rapidly rising urban space developments in Lahore ? the second largest city of Pakistan. The city has a long history of more than 2000 years. It reflects the developmental aspects of Mughal Era and remnants of British colonial rule. From 1999 to 2011 the growth rate of the city in terms of built up area has doubled. Thus, mounting a huge pressure on the city administration responsible of managing infrastructure and slum settlements. Due to rapid...

The aim of work was to evaluate the influence of the grown locality on heavy metal intake (Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Pb and Cd) from the soil to the soybean seeds. The research was realised in five different localities of Slovakia using the same soybean cultivar (Mentor). The total content of heavy metals and their mobile forms in individual soils was compared with the limit values according to Law 220/2004 and the European Commission (2006). In all soil samples the determined total content of Cd and in one locality als...

Currently, one of actual problems of exploration geology and mining, while estimating and exploiting mineral deposits, is to improve the accuracy and reliability of minerals contouring. This problem applies both to the deposit contouring in general, and to the contouring of various interested areas within ore bodies - waste rocks, various natural ore types and technological ore grades etc. In order to solve this problem, geostatistical method of spatial variable study - indicator variogram and indicator kriging is...

In the NW part of the Romania, there are geological conditions that allow to geothermal phenomena to manifest on the surface of the Earth. The limited exploitation of this energy resource is still limited by existing technologies and by the high cost of deep-water equipment. For a good image of the Romania's geothermal potential, we present, in our paper, the temperature map at 3000 m deep and the geothermal flow map on the surface. These maps were made with the Surfer program, based on the data obtained through d...

During the last years, under Schlumberger brand, several methods have been refined for determining detailed characteristics of geological formations, as they are necessary in the assessment of shale gas potential based on drilling core investigations, wells diagraphies investigations, seismic investigations, and combination of all these. The correct determination of lithofacies of the cores leads to a quality diagnosis of shales reservoirs. The accurate mineralogy input is obtained by Litho Scanner in the sCore li...

The article focusses on ageing cycling infrastructure and issues of sustainability from the perspective of pavement management system and economic implications. Light cycling paths pavements are well suited to bear non-motorised traffic without suffering plastic deformations. Given that draining is maintained and adjacent vegetation is regularly cut, these pavements can perform well for very long periods. That said, the pavements still succumb to climatic effects acting on the pavement?s surfacing. Chemical proper...

The article presents standard and alternative methods of managing sewage sludge and the biodegradable fraction of municipal waste. The work focuses on sewage sludge and bio-waste not contaminated with heavy metals. The absence of the abovementioned impurities enables their processing that they can become a valuable product with high fertilizer value. In the work, special emphasis was placed on techniques similar to natural, i.e. composting and vermicomposting. These two methods are most widely described because th...

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of an activated zeolite for ammonium removal in fixed-bed column. The influence of process parameters, such as activated natural zeolite quantity (1 - 6 g) and ammonium initial concentration (10 - 70 mg/L) was investigated. The experimental results were analyzed using the most common sorption kinetic models, such as Thomas, Adam-Bohart, as well Clark, by linear regression analysis in order to characterize the removal process. The obtained values showed th...

The geological modeling is an actively developing area of petroleum geoscience. One of the limiting factors for geological modeling is the processing of input data, which is a routine process and can be automatized. The paper describes the screening for an effective approach and development of the workflow allowing automatical depth matching of well logs with the use of statistical methods of data analysis basing on the real set of wells. The purpose of this work is to study the machine learning algorithms applica...

A survey carried out in October 2018 on Cricovului Sarat Valley, along a distance of about 5 km that crossed the Gornet-Cricov commune revealed few ecological aspects of this Subcarpathian area located in Prahova County, Romania. We inventoried the resources of vegetation and associated invertebrates, listing the most relevant taxons that populate the river banks. So far, representatives from 15 plant families (Adoxaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Plantaginaceae...

Generally, in Romania, the management of landfills is a major concern with regard to existing circumstances. Although the percentage of recycled waste is increasing, there are still many previously built landfills that are currently in the post-management phase. The negative impact of landfills is represented by leachate built-ups, that contains heavy metals and can pollute soil, groundwater and surface waters and endanger population?s health. European waste legislation requires closure of non-compliant landfills ...

The article describes the results of implementation tracer studies at one of the complex fractured-cavernous carbonate reservoir in the Republic of Tatarstan. Water injection in one well leaded to the water cut rise in one producer well then neighbor wells are insignificantly reacting on the pressure maintenance. On one hand low efficiency of water flooding in carbonates can be caused by hydrophobic properties of minerals like calcite and by heterogeneity of the void space including presence of fractures and caver...

Ability of farms to undertake investments greatly depends on the production potential, production scale and thus on an economic force which may be described as an ability to develop and grow. This force, called economic effectiveness, is measured with the level of income that should cover not only the costs of use of own production factors i.e. land, capital, and work, but also enable investing in new assets of a farm. Since, if it does not obtain such incomes, then it ceases investment purchases and after some ti...

Among the methods used in the management of municipal waste, one can distinguish, their combustion in installations for the thermal treatment of municipal waste (ITPOK). The advantage of this method implemented in modern installations is the reduction of the mass and volume of waste with simultaneous very efficient cogeneration of heat and electricity, while minimizing emissions. One of the possibilities of including ITPOK in the implementation of the Circular Economy idea regarding raw material recovery is the us...

Since 1990, there have been changes regarding land use and land cover in Romania, due to the new socio-economic conditions. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the landscape fragmentation in the Romanian Subcarpathian area, during the post-communism period, determined by anthropic activities in the context of new adopted regulations on agricultural land resources. We made a comparative study between Prahova Subcarpathians and Buzau Subcarpathians, characterized by similar geomorphological patterns but...

The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of natural disasters on the economic activity of companies by a modified DuPont model. The proposed modified DuPont model includes ratios for economic efficiency, profitability and financial autonomy. Usually the DuPont analysis model is used to evaluate the component parts of a company's return on equity (ROE). This allows an investor to determine what financial activities are contributing most to the changes in ROE. DuPont analysis divides ROE into its constituent co...

In this study, the anomalous geomagnetic variation related to the moderate Vrancea earthquake (Mw=5.5) on 28 October 2018 was shown. This anomaly and its associated seismicity were analyzed and compared with a similar anomaly which occurred on October 2016- May 2017. To better distinguish the seismotectonic anomalies from external geomagnetic variations (geomagnetic storms), the datasets recorded at Muntele Rosu (MLR) located inside seismogenic zone were compared with datasets recorded at Surlari (SUA) located at ...

In Bulgaria, a promising method for creating underground gas storage is the use of aquifers. The main prerequisites are: the presence of reservoir systems with a favorable combination of permeable and shielding rocks; hydrogeological and thermobaric conditions marking the chemistry and dynamics of water, the phase state and the quantities of stored gas; the structural-tectonic conditions defining the type of the perspective traps and their architecture; Neo-Seismotectonic activity, determining the degree of seismi...

Integrating conventional well log interpretation with high-resolution borehole electrical image analysis enables a complex understanding of the geological formations intercepted by exploration wells. Whereas conventional geophysical well logs allow the determination of the main reservoir parameters and the fluids distribution, borehole imaging serves as a valuable tool in sedimentary features identification and interpretation, regional dip determination, structural and tectonic elements identification, as well as ...

Obtaining reliable data on the ongoing risky geo-processes and obtaining adequate and reliable information about them on the current state of the Earth's surface is a key factor in tracking the origin and dynamics of landslide processes as well as assessing the resulting threats to the population and infrastructure. According to information provided by the national authority responsible for the monitoring and keeping track of the landslides over the past two years their number has almost doubled. This is the main ...

Portable Gauss meters or Tesla meters are popular, simple and non-expensive magnetometers, capable of measuring the strength and direction of magnetic field, expressed by magnetic flux density and magnetic vector. Gauss meters work on base of cable connected solenoid gauss probe and registered difference of electric potential (Hall effect). Instruments are able to measure both the intensity and direction of magnetic field, usually being applied in the electronical industry or mechanics. Due to the increasing techn...

Ensuring safety in a territory is one of the basics tasks public administration is engaged in. Safety for the residents living in a neighbourhood is an integral part of safety planning. Safety plans include measures for selected areas associated with risks that may appear in that area. The most significant documents for safety planning are emergency plans, crisis plans and all other related plans. Preparing a safety plan is very closely linked to area planning, which is generally separated into analytical planning...

Equipment designed for use in potentially explosive atmospheres must meet the requirements of ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU (be designed so as to avoid the ignition of the surrounding explosive atmosphere in which are intended to operate). In order to meet the requirements of the ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU, electrical equipment is usually associated to one (or more) type (s) of protection, according the EN 60079 series of standards. In case of electrical equipment that produce arcs or sparks in normal operation, the us...

This article is devoted to the assessment of cultural landscapes of the Cheboksary urban district. At present, with active urbanization, the problem of preserving landscapes and culture and the social space of the local community arises. In the course of writing the article, descriptive, analytical, mathematical and cartographic methods of research were used. The results in the article analyzed the existing theoretical and methodological issues in the field of cultural landscapes of their assessment. Classes of cu...

From contaminated mining areas, contaminants can migrate to different components of the environment, being favored by physicochemical transfer mechanisms such as their transfer into water. The dispersion of metallic contaminants from closed mining sites in surface waters is favored by the topography, climate and lithology of the area. In the Brad mining area, activity has ceased for about 15 years. Properly unnamed tailings and coastal galleries are a diffuse source of surface water pollution. The paper aims to as...

Au mineralizations of Jales and Gralheira, located in Tras-os-Montes, near Vila Pouca de Aguiar (northern Portugal), belong to the Jales Mining District, the main historic producer of gold in Portugal. Mineralizations are hosted by syn- to late-tectonic Variscan granites and by Palaeozoic metasediments ranging in age from Ediacaran to Devonian. The studies carried out consisted of the analysis of samples from drill cores (provided by the Consortium AM- Almada Mining, S.A. and EDM, Empresa de Desenvolvimento Mineir...

Waste application, beneficial in terms of soil abundance in nutrients, cannot lead to soil contamination. The incubation experiment aimed at assessing the effect of applying sulfur pulp (waste material containing elemental sulfur) and ground phosphate rock on the availability of heavy metals in soils. The experiment was conducted on two soils with different soil category: medium and heavy, both of acid reaction and not contaminated with heavy metals. Doses of sulfur pulp and phosphate rock were set based on soil a...

The paper examines the environmental threats associated with the burning of household waste in open piles across rural communities with a focus on Neamt County (Romania) as a case study of uncontrolled waste disposal practice. This option derived from the lack of efficient municipal waste collection schemes, and on the other hand, it is a traditional disposal route for agricultural wastes besides open dumping on the surroundings. This study estimates the potential amounts of household waste uncollected by formal w...

The paper deals with the chlorine in sintering process overview. Chlorine penetrates to iron making process from raw charge already in the coke making from coal and sintering process. Beside it can causes corrosion problems in blast furnace facilities, it causes environmental problems too. It is know that sintering of iron ores is a industrial source of polychlorinated dibenzo ? p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). The paper gives overview of how the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash effects on t...

In the European context, storage and recycling of sludge from sewage treatment plants is a highly discussed and sometime a controversial subject. On the other hand, sludge production at the European level it can not to be neglected, being around 13.25 Mt/year. Even if for sewage sludge management there are many alternatives (including incineration or landfilling), its use in agriculture remains a preferred option in many countries due to the results obtained by farmers in terms of productivity levels achieved for ...

To improve the fuel characteristics, bio-oil is preceded to modernization which mainly includes hydrotreatment. This work is devoted to the study of the conversion of anisole, as one of the lignin monomers, in the presence of catalysts synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Platinum and palladium catalyst deposited on the polymer matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene allowed achieving about 90% of anisole conversion. It was shown that during the conversion of anisole, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, and phenol a...

The use of environmentally friendly and biodegradable fertilizers is an area of great interest throughout the world. One such fertilizer is biochar, obtained by the method of biomass pyrolysis (manures, green mass, and mushrooms). Biochar obtained from chicken manure is discussed relatively rarely in the literature; however, it seems to be a good fertilizer because of its significant nutrient content. Moreover, preparation of biochar from chicken manure solves another serious environmental problem: its utilization...

Plant diseases are one of the central reasons causing serious problems of food security in the world, affecting the quality and quantity of crops. Recently more and more attention is paid to alternative eco-friendly methods of plant disease control. One of such methods is the use of special microorganisms (so called biological control agents, BCA) that exhibit antagonistic activity towards phytopathogens. Since many microbes, which are suppressive towards plant pathogens are present in the nature, it is important ...

The calcareous nannoplankton represents a group of major components of the oceanic phytoplankton, situated at the base of the trophic chain. The evolution pattern of these organisms is relevant in the past geological record and nowadays, for several research fields, such as: marine biology, marine geology, biogeochemistry, micropaleontology, biostratigraphy as well as paleogeographic and paleoclimatic reconstructions, including the paleoenvironmental ones. Taking into account that the calcareous nannoplankton spec...

In today?s world, with high demanding of energy, heavy oil and bitumen are important hydrocarbon resources that play progressively significant roles in the worldwide economy. Due to the diminishing of conventional oil resources, getting energy from unconventional resources becomes a tremendously outstanding process. Recently, metal oxide catalysts have shown promising applications and effects in different thermal enhanced oil recovery processes. These metal oxide catalysts have been chosen due to their exclusive p...

Ratei Cave, with its 7,224 m length, provides a good opportunity to investigate the geology and tectonics of Leaota Mountains, the eastern end of the South Carpathians. The geological observations reveal that Ratei Cave is mainly developed in Upper Jurassic limestones, but siliciclastic and metamorphic rocks are encountered in different locations along the cave passages. The stratigraphic succession on the 69 m elevation range, which represents the positive vertical extent between the entrance and the cave end, co...

Landscape structure is the result of a process that continually taking place in the landscape during of historical development. The city of Kezmarok has held a very significant position in terms of settlement structure of the Poprad basin or the greater region beneath the High Tatras from the very beginnings of its development. The area demarcated by the current cadaster limits was witness to many changes to the landscape structure conditioned by a wide range of factors and conditions, out of which human involveme...

In millions of years, nature has created huge energy reserves in the form of fossil fuels, consumption of which is constantly increasing. The depletion of energy reserves stored in fossil fuels is becoming real. For this reason, as well as for the protection of the environment, it is necessary to look for and utilize the renewable energy sources that we encounter in everyday life. Such a source of energy is, for example, biomass, which has been used as a fuel by many generations before us. The combustion of biomas...

Mushroom production generates a considerable amount of spent mushroom substrate, difficult to utilize at the site of production. The high amount of organic matter and nutrients in the waste justifies its environmental use. However, waste entering the environment undergoes transformations, the direction and intensity of which depend on, among other things, environmental conditions. Extreme environmental conditions (such as very low or high pH) can significantly change the properties of introduced material and, as a...

Static electricity as a result of friction and induction loading mechanisms is a phenomenon that occurs frequently in the industry, most of the time accidentally and unwanted. The electrostatic charges accumulated by workers during various activities may lead to electrostatic discharges, which, in the presence of an explosive atmosphere, cause explosion and / or fire risk. Theoretical and practical studies regarding the occurrence, formation and accumulation of electrostatic charges in the charging process with el...

Both the cultivation of fruit trees and bushes as well as gramineous crops and especially wheat crops are of particular economic importance. Fruit trees and bushes as well as gramineous cereals constitute the most valued foods being indispensable in making a proper diet Research on the study of carabid entomofauna from both ecosistems, wheat and tree fruit plantations was carried out using Barber soil traps. The harvesting of the material was done in both stations between May and August, at intervals ranging from ...

Precise measurement and indication of quantitative concentration of heavy metals in soils is materialized in increased degree of objectivity in research conducted to characterize interactions between pollutants and environmental factors in a given area or region. The present paper aims at highlighting the influence errors induced by physical and chemical characteristics of soils and the fluctuations of soil metal concentrations depending on its humidity and granulometry proposing appropriate methods and techniques...

The closure of Neotethys induced collision and extension related basic magmatism within the Central Anatolia during the late Cretaceous and Early Paleogene. The products of the basic magmatism are alkaline and tholeiitic in character. The temporal and spatial evolution of the basic magma within the Central Anatolia has a great role in the interpretation of magmato?tectonic evolution of the region. The lack of radiometric age for the mafic magmatic rocks let to discussion in the explanation of the nature of these m...

A significant part of the light oil reserves in Russia is concentrated in low-permeable reservoirs, such as the Domanik Formation, Upper Devonian shales in the European part of Russia. Standard laboratory methods for estimating pore space structure and fluid saturation are often not applicable or not accurate in studying unconventional rocks. The presence of hydrocarbons with a high content of highly viscous components, including kerogen, and pores of nanometer size dramatically reduces the effectiveness of the co...

This paper aims to present a new analytical model for the contact area of all switching devices, at all voltage and current levels. It was proposed in order to recalculate all the computational formulas related to the electrodynamical forces which inevitably appear in a mostly symmetric contact, with a different shape, other than a sharpen or pointed one. When applying this model, the very simplifying hypothesis of the constant current density on equipotential stiction surfaces for the crossing current is complete...