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Determination of the present-day stress field tensor is one of the fundamental problems of modern geodynamics. Nowadays, world stress map (WSM) project provide a global compilation of information on the crustal present-day stress field. From a practical point of view, knowledge of the stress field allows us to solve a number of production problems related to the investigation and extraction of hydrocarbons in safety way. In particular, orientation of the main stresses and stress regime are necessary to set the bou...

In this paper we make a briefly presented the problems related to geomagnetic field metrology within the Surlari Observatory from Romania, in accordance with the international standards of planetary network of geomagnetic observatories INTERMAGNET and International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA), followed by an overview of the types of geomagnetic variations. We have identified and selected few time periods of intensive geomagnetic activities, from the year 2017 and based on the data files recorde...

Cogeneration is one of the current solutions for the use of secondary thermal resources consisting in the simultaneous supply of electric and thermal energy. The main advantage of cogeneration is the use of thermal energy discharged from industrial installations. The type of installation under consideration has the following advantages: it covers an extended range of electric power, simultaneously provides electricity and thermal energy in hard-to-reach areas, and reduces the thermal impact by upgrading the therma...

Zigana Tunnel is a new constructing tunnel, which will be the second in the world, and the longest in Europe, on the G?m??hane-Trabzon highway. Two tunnels are being constructed between the K?stere village of G?m??hane and the Ba?ark?y village of Ma?ka district of Trabzon, each 14.5 kilometers long and 29 kilometers in length. The study theme is the reasons for the small scale collapse in the Zigana Tunnel K?stere Mevkii construction site; the location and size of possible fractures and / or cavity are investigate...

The implementation of the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) is a consequence of the need to specify quantified ships? energy efficiency of the vessels in service. The EEOI enables to monitor the efficiency of the ships in operation in a specific period of time based on an actual operation data. In reference to vessels other than ships which are designed for transporting passengers and / or goods (for which the EEOI has been developed), the application o...

To protect plants from harmful activity of pests and diseases, more attention should be paid to development and establishment of environmentally friendly regulation actions. Conifer trees produce a wide variety of compounds, such as terpenoids and phenolics. Several studies on coniferous components fungicidal and insecticidal activity are known Since 2010, LU Institute of Biology in cooperation with Latvian Forest Research Institute ?Silava? are working on the development of new environmentally friendly plant prot...

Within petroleum refining facilities are manufactured, used and stored significant amounts of hazardous materials, including raw materials, intermediates and final products. Within refineries there may arise the fire hazard for processing installations of the intermediate products with high melting point. For many of these intermediate products there are not determined the flammability parameters, fact which could allow the development and application of some efficient measures for prevention or limitation of dang...

The economic development of organizations in the modern business space is characterized by high environmental risks, caused both by the expansion of eco-standards, and by the increase in resource consumption associated with the development of industry and the tightening of requirements for the quality of life. In this regard, the role of resource taxes in the formation of budgets and financial results of organizations (enterprises) is growing. Taxes, like built-in regulators, are used by the state to stimulate the...

The purpose of screening paraffin oxidizing microorganisms and optimization of culture conditions on n-paraffins and oil products. The study on the ability to use hydrocarbons separated fungus culture that morphological characteristics attributed to the genus Aspergillus. The features Aspergilluss growth on hydrocarbons, the optimization of cultivation on hydrocarbons in a laboratory fermenter. It was shown that the lag phase duration and duration of fermentation depends on the accumulation of monocarboxylic acids...

The development of the world oil industry shows a significant growth of interest to the super-viscous oil deposits. One of the technologies for extracting super-viscous oil is Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage technology, which has been developed in the 1970s and is still used, including in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. Determination of the direction of steam chamber growth, the main operating factor of this method, is the main task of modeling heavy oil deposits. In this paper authors propose modeling of the h...

The aim of this paper is to provide a more thorough understanding of how to handle fires in enclosed spaces. This work was written primarily with regard to firefighters. Enclosure fire presents, by its special characteristics, a significant threat not only to the residents but also to intervening firefighters. The paper deals with the issue of enclosure fires focusing on flashover. The submitted project describes the current state of solved problems, factors influencing enclosure fires. Paper provides a deeper und...

Background: The development of the activity of spa tourism enterprises is particularly important in countries that are struggling with the phenomenon of an aging population, high mortality due to civilization diseases and air pollution. The article discusses the phenomenon of the development of Polish health resorts in the context of social changes in the perception of traditional and modern spa products. Method: To illustrate the phenomena occurring in spa tourism in Poland, statistical data (i.e. fluctuation of ...

The EU Reference Books of Best Available Techniques and the RF Information and Technical Books on Best Available Technologies (Techniques) are technical documents presenting factual technical, environmental and economic information, reflecting the outcomes of the information exchange under requirements of the EU Industrial Emissions Directive and the RF legislation in the field of environmental protection (namely ? in the area of Best Available Techniques (BAT) and Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC...

This paper discussed the effective application of heat exchange equipment the main areas of modern economic/domestic activities. Conclusions are made about the positive role of timely cleaning of heat exchange equipment and its impact on service life, saving money for expensive repairs and replacement of this equipment. The existing, practical methods of cleaning heat exchangers are analyzed. The key principles of developing an eco-technological business of chemical cleaning of heat-exchange equipment are consider...

Demand of dairy products, especially yogurts, increases year to year in Kazakhstan; it has a significant contribution to the market, developing the range of yogurts. Due to its wide consumption and acceptance, science interests on the analysis of dairy products. However not all method are able to analyze the composition of yogurts, due to the complex compound and peculiar structure. For this purpose solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) technique was developed and coupled to subsequent gas chromatography?mass spectr...

During diagenesis process, the upper Triassic sandstones Mulussa F reservoir have experienced multiple diagenetic transformations which have an important influence on the petrophysical properties of the reservoir, among them, the influences of the diagenetic / authigenic clay minerals precipitation. Conventional core analysis CCA data combined with petrographical observations have been used to characterize the upper Triassic sandstones reservoir parameters and to define the influence of the diagenetic clay mineral...

In the economic literature, the situation in regions is often seen in terms of economic security. We propose the following approach. Firstly, there is a diagnostics of security using the authors? method. This method implies the analysis of 12 spheres of activity focusing on the eco-economic security. Secondly, we assess the impact of the level of the eco-economic security on individuals and inhabited areas. Thirdly, we estimate the general situation in the territory and define the spheres where the socio-economic ...

The study of lake sediments allows to reconstruct abiotic and biotic conditions of a lake and its surrounding area. Diatom communities are commonly used in studies of water quality and being bioindicators of the lake state diatoms used for the reconstruction ecological conditions of the past. Core samples from Rubskoe Lake were collected in July 2015 and the species composition of the diatom algae, which serve as, were studied. The core covered a 13 000 years period. In 23 samples of Rubskoe Lake 30 diatom taxa be...

Bottom sediments of continental limnic ecosystems are of great interest to researchers as paleoarchives of changes taking place in the environment. Use of diatoms allows to reconstruct the main stages of life of lakes against the background of changing environmental conditions caused by natural and anthropogenic causes. The core of the bottom sediments selected from Pleshcheyevo Lake (Russia). The maximum age of the core was 5070В±150 year BP (Holocene period). Diatom analysis of 73 samples revealed 127 taxa. In t...

Heavy crudes and natural bitumen might present one of the accessible energy resources for the period of time necessary for the adoption of novel energy technologies of the future. Their development is characterized with low profitability, due to peculiarities of composition, mainly high content of high-molecular paraffin, resin and asphaltenes. At the present time in exploration of heavy hydrocarbon resources, thermal methods of production are being given more attention to. One of the key problems of thermal metho...

Climate change is a global problem and carbon sequestration is one of the possible ways to reduce it. After application of organic matter to the soil, most of the carbon is mineralized and released into the atmosphere where it becomes a part of the greenhouse gas. Biochar is also an organic matter but it contains carbon in a form that is mineralized slowly (hundreds to thousands years). In addition to these complex compounds, it also contains readily available carbon and also aromatic substances which may be toxic...

Latvia is a State near Baltic Sea formerly included in Soviet Union that hardly classified all types of cartographical and geological information making it not available for scientific evaluation. Geological mapping data, deep boreholes with cores available from various depth up to crystalline basement (>1km), intersections and seismic data from 60-ties indicate the existence of an enigmatic structure similar to structural forms called astroblemes; it is located south of the town of Dobele in Latvia N56?35? E23?15...

Doctrine, legislation and jurisprudence have importance in defining typologies of biodiversity bioresources. Matters of doctrine mainly concern to philosophy of life and the complexity hypothesis practical-theoretical in the current global geopolitical order. Legislation and jurisprudence must be built on the basic of relevant conclusions of specialists in gender diversity of Earth's ecosystems bioresources. This paper will analyze the current and future opportunities for bioresources at the confluence with the le...

A comparative research related to hydrogen adsorption capacity of multi wall nanotubes (MWNTs) and poly aniline (PANI) doped with Ruthenium (Ru) was carried out. Carbonic materials are considered to be one of the most promising materials for hydrogen adsorption and storage; they have different applications and fuel cells technology may be considered the most important of them. By using transitional metals for doping carbonic materials, the adsorption capacity. PANI has been prepared and doped in laboratory while M...

According to the international norms developed by the World Health Organization, water potability depends on physical and chemical factors, the absence of toxic substances and the elimination of pathogens. Water supply systems must be authorized and provide drinking water in the required amount and of a quality that complies with the legal requirements in force, so as not to affect the health of consumers. Qualitative and quantitative measurements are needed from time to time to constantly monitor the quality of w...

The results of the exploration of the dynamics of water level in the lake Bolshoy Tambukan for the period of more than 230 years is given. Lake Bolshoy Tambukan is a large deposit of peloids in the south part of Russia. Two periods of development of the lake are revealed: natural and natural-anthropogenic. Currently, there is a catastrophic rise of water in the lake and a decrease in its mineralization below 25 g/l. Data on fluctuations of mineralization and the most significant natural and anthropogenic events ar...

To implement the International Legislation, in the future it is necessary to retrofit HFC refrigerants with ecological ones. Minimizing the presence of F-gases deriving from activities in the field of refrigeration in the atmosphere, air-conditioning systems and heat pumps can only be carried out by observing the F-Gas Regulations, namely the (CE) 517/2014 Regulation and its relevant Subsidiaries, along with the European (and Romanian) refrigeration safety standard SR EN 378. Demonstrating a strong commitment to p...

Cementation is one of the most effective, eco-friendly and economically advantageous techniques for removal of valuable and / or toxic metals from industrial wastewaters. Copper is among the most prevalent and valuable metal used in industry. The present study investigates an eco-friendly recovery method for the copper ions present in synthetic wastewater, by cementation, using scrap iron and no energy consumption. It was evaluated the impact on copper cementation yield, caused by the fallowing parameters: (a) ini...

High concentrations of ammonium, toxic organic compounds, pathogenic microflora make chicken manure one of the most toxic agricultural wastes. The use of chicken manure in plant growing is only possible after its treatment, e.g. by means of composting or anaerobic digestion. One of alternative ways of chicken manure treatment is its pyrolysis, as a result of which pyrolysis fuel and biochar are produced. The latter can be used as nontraditional organic fertilizer. However, the properties of biochar produced from c...

This article reveals the ecological and economic effectiveness of improvement of organization of enterprise. Each component of ecological and economic effect is represented taking time into account. The problems and current state of economic evaluation of natural and social enterprise capital are considered. The criteria of ecological and economic evaluation of enterprise activity are revealed considering the synergetic aspect. Generalized scheme of development of ecologically oriented enterprises is illustrated. ...

Czestochowa is a city located in the south of Poland. It is famous, first of all, for the Black-Madonna Monastery, to which many pilgrims come by foot every year. Not everyone knows that this is a city located on the Cracow-Czestochowa Upland, which is famous for its beautiful views and areas. The Unpland is willingly visited by many tourists who travel its tourist trails by car, on foot, by bike or even on horseback. Unfortunately, both local enterprises and residents are unaware of the impact they have on the Up...

The Cracow-Czestochowa Upland is famous for interesting views and natural places to spend free time with friends or members of family. Unfortunately, both industry and residents have a negative impact on this area. Recently, people's awareness has been slowly re-evaluating. People begin to understand the need to think about the natural environment, they finally know that they are not the only species on the Earth, they do not have a special right to use the environment's resources and have found that the state of ...

In Poland there are 12 millions of households. Many people from these households, thanks to the changing legal regulations, pro-ecological actions, started to understand that their way of living and running their houses can have an influence on the natural environment. They began to think and act in an ecological way. The ecological way of living does not mean a large-scale operations, such as installing solar panels, building an eco-friendly, passive house. Simple activities such as thoughtful shopping, segregati...

For most of us, a home is more than just a collection of different rooms. For people, the home serves as a shelter from adverse weather conditions and provides a sense of security. We spend most of our time there, have fun with the nearest family, learn, work, rise children, we sleep, eat meals, we care about cleanliness and hygiene. Our home should be furnished and conducted in accordance with ourselves and our family habits. Many issues related to the ecology begin to play a large role in the topic of housekeepi...

Studying physiological and biochemical mechanisms of wheat adaptation to ecological stresses considerable interest of scientists is attracted influence of low and high temperatures (a frost and a drought), heavy metals (HMs). Genotypes, such as facultative forms and germplasm of wild relatives, allow increasing ecological resistance of wheat. Collection material from 2014 - 2017 included 30 facultative lines from 8 wheat varieties and 15 introgressive forms received by trans-species hybridization of 6 varieties of...

Since 2016 in the Peoples? Friendship University of Russia (RUDN-University) is carried out a project on the environmental monitoring of campus. We consider the campus as a social significant territory: currently, the ?population? (staff and students) is over 8,000 but the technogenic pressure is constantly increasing from year to the year because of transport activity. At the moment, the information about acoustic pressure, soil, snow and air pollution has been gathered and processed. It allows to develop the sch...

Air transport is presented as the one of the major sectors contributing to global warming. According international reports air transport share of CO2 emissions is 2%. Overall impact to global warming is around 3%. While there is still insufficient scientific research into the impact of air transport on cloud formation from contrials, the impact of aviation on the climate caused by aviation emissions is already well-mapped. Noise pollution in airports is another significant problem. Companies try to limit noise by ...

This paper analyzes the presence of major employers in the core cities of bi-centric Hradec Kr?lov? ? Pardubice agglomeration which are the main sources of economic potential for the entire agglomeration area and important location in terms of GDP generation at national level. The presence of the different economically active entities also significantly influences the numbers of inhabitants not only residing in the agglomeration but also migrating there for work. Due to this facts both core cities face the issue o...

Evaluation of the profitability of investment projects in the oil industry have been the subject of numerous publications both international and Polish. Global primary energy consumption growth will undoubtedly cause difficulties in predicting changes of the price of crude oil and other energy sources. The strategy of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which has being implemented in Europe, would also affect the economic viability of enhanced hydrocarbon recovery methods of injecting CO2 into the oil deposit (CO2-...

The paper is focused on the issue of the economic evaluation of the revitalization of brownfields in the form of abandoned mining areas. The issue of the abandoned mining areas is in the Czech Republic the long-time social-economic problem, which it is necessary in the close future to solve in an appropriate way. There exist more possibilities, how the issue of brownfield can be solved, however not all possible solutions it is possible to consider as optimal from the whole society point of view. The main objective...

On the basis of structure and qualitative parameters of agricultural soils, there are only 23.4% non-profitable soils for the winter wheat growing in the total area of the Gemer Region. The same percentage for the corn maize growing is 78.7%, for the sugar beet growing 80.0 % and for winter rape growing 46.0% of the total agricultural soils area in the mentioned region. Generally, for the crop production, it can be stated, that without production subsidies, at the present economic situation there are 65.9% soils n...

The aim of the paper is to illuminate the problem of the influence of the building material's fuel source on selected fire parameters of enclosure fires. The course of the fire is influenced by various factors, and as the fire pattern in the enclosure differs from the course of fire in the open space, so are the factors influencing the course, temperature rise or fall. The development of a fire is the term under which we understand the gradual growth and development of the fire. Within the overall fire development...

It is obvious that the presence of microfractures in a porous medium increases its permeability. What is unclear is the magnitude of this effect, as it cannot be calculated directly. With the assumption that the fractures are small channels, it is possible to calculate the permeability of a fracture at a given state. In 2018 Pasztor proved that under laboratory conditions the flow will be laminar in the channels, hence the fracture density can be easily determined from simple laboratory measurements (with the ?per...

Studies were conducted in an intensive fruit-bearing apple orchard in the South of Russia in the Chechen Republic. Layout scheme - 3,75?1,5 m, the formation of trees - a slender spindle. The object of study were apple cultivars Renet Simirenko (control), Granny Smith, Florina (M9). The main soil cultivation (autumn plowing) was carried out once in 3-4 years by garden plows or plows-lushmen at a depth of 14-16 to 18-20 cm in row-spacing and 6-12 cm in the trenches. Cropping blocks in an intensive garden with dwarf ...

This manuscript concentrates on the relationship between pellets quality, which is represented by the pellets physical properties, and the input composition of raw material. The main aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the raw material composition, which influences the pellets quality and the pellets quality indicators - physical properties of pellets. During the biomass densification also the raw material properties significantly influences the final solid biofuels quality. Therefore the ra...

Air injection technology, including high?pressure air injection and in-situ combustion, is an effective method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). It is widely accepted that, in an air injection process, the oxidation of crude oil plays an important role in the displacement mechanism in an in-situ combustion process. In recent years, thermal analysis techniques have become highly important tools for the investigation of crude oil combustion. Thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) have been widely used to characterize the oxidatio...

In this work to study influence ratio of the components of the gas mixture of oxygen with nitrogen at thermodynamic, kinetic parameters of oxidation oil at reservoir conditions. Mixtures of oxygen with nitrogen were obtained by gravimetric method with different ratios. The oxygen content in the gas mixtures was 3, 15, 21, 40%. The main methods used accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). Beginning of the combustion (oxidation) process depends on the oxygen content of the gas mixture. The higher oxygen content in the ...

Air injection technology is an effective method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The advantage of this method is that it can be used for different oil reservoirs, such as light oil, medium oil and heavy oil. The composition of crude oil has an important influence on the oxidation behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to study the oxidation behavior of different crude oils. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been widely used to investigate the oxidation process of different fossil fuel, such as, crude oil, ...

The article examines the main problems of the national industrial sector in a crisis. The national policy of import substitution is examined in the context of globalization. In the global economy, the development of industry in Russia is in a certain connection with the processes taking place in the highly-industrialized countries and the dynamic development and pricing competition from developing Asian countries. Tension in the geopolitical situation and the imposition of sanctions are putting pressure on the inp...

The subject of the effectiveness of innovative processes and identifying its determinants and measurement is crucial for both researchers and practitioners. Innovative processes, due to the high amount of resources involved and the level of risk, should be prepared adequately from the perspective of the procedure of innovative activities and monitoring their effects. The effectiveness category includes not only economic, but also non-economic values. The aim of the article is to present the problem of measuring th...