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The goal of this project was to create a detailed model of the Aral Sea sedimentary cycles. Modern methods of image processing and wavelet analysis were used to reveal the nature of lamination and determine the average and interval sedimentation rates. The results obtained were then compared with those from the radiocarbon dating. The images used in this project are photographs of core (sediment) samples taken with hollow plastic tubes. The samples were removed from the tubes by cutting them in half lengthwise, an...

Lately, high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources into power systems requires, besides efficient technologies employment, developing adequate control strategies to improve their performance. Given that their operation flexibility is constrained by short timeframe of foresight, energy storage systems represent an attractive solution that can mitigate the natural variability of renewable power plants electricity output, providing therefore enhanced quality of supply. The nonlinearity and uncertainty ...

Granular sludge aerobic technology (AGS) has been extensively studied in recent years because of its advantages compared to activated sludge technology. Currently, this technology is implemented in SBR (sequential batch bioreactor) configuration. An experimental model bioreactor was designed for adapting the AGS technology to continuous flow conditions. It consists of a rectangular shape bioreactor, an area for pre-settling and recycling of granules, followed by a settling tank. This configuration is more suitable...

The anaerobic fermentation of biomass in methane-tank during the biogas production is considered. The process of individual bubbles lifting upwards and its simultaneous interaction with solid particles with mixing of the nascent substrate is analyzed. The forces acting on the bubble are given and a differential equation is developed that characterizes the biogas bubble movement in the organic mass substrate. The mathematical dependence of the flooding rate of the biogas bubble is developed and an example of solvin...

Hillslopes comprise the greater part of the landscape and as an integral part of drainage basins; they provide water and sediment to water courses. Also, hillslopes are frequently used in agriculture. Soil erosion caused by water is a natural phenomenon, but the negative effects are accentuated by human interventions in the landscape. Soil erosion and nutrient loss are detrimental to agricultural products, food security, and the sustainability of ecosystem functioning. In recent decades, the increased using of che...

The article presents a way of identifying and modeling sound features in an urbanized environment. The subject of article is focused on the problem of noise pollution modeling coming from moving technical objects, i.e. vehicles that are potential sources of noise. In this case, the vehicles are treated as multi-source acoustic energy emission objects. The proposed approach assumes the occurrence of variable relations in the system: source-path propagation-receiver. In the presented method the information carrier i...

At the age of an increasing demand for energy we reach to an ever wider range of substances giving a possibility of its generation. A constant need for energy supplies is so strong that we are not prevented by the danger related to the storage or transport of such substances. Although we try to eliminate any risks, even a small human error may contribute to a tragedy. In the case of substantial and sudden depressurization it is impossible to conduct in situ tests at a large scale. An attempt at conducting an in si...

The finite-difference method is used to compute small local deformation of the rock slope instability Alpe di Roscioro, Switzerland. This retrogressively unstable mass failed multiply, with last large catastrophic event in 2012, when approximately 210 000 cubic meters of rock had collapsed towards Preonzo village. The remaining mass has been studied and monitored by passive seismic methods and exhibits strong directional spectral amplification. One of the monitoring seismometer detects many micro-deformations and ...

The flow of gases through porous media is a common physical phenomenon occurring not only in the natural environment but also in a number of technical applications, including the industry. The flow of gases through rock porous media takes place during exploitation of numerous energy resources ? not only during the excavation of hard coal (the flow of a gas mixture through goaf with caving) but also in the course of exploiting crude oil and natural gas (the flow through shale rocks). The issue of gases flowing thro...

The paper describes a mathematical model of the global crisis influencing the world economy. The model is based on four conceptual positions of modeling: the level of economic development of the global economy is estimated by the system of endogenous variables; there is the interdependence of endogenous variables; there is a process background for the endogenous variables; there are certain harbingers of the crisis determined for a specific endogenous index. The model is presented as a system of three interdepende...

The paper analyzes the use and production of modern lighting columns made of aluminum for street lighting. The modern process of manufacturing conical pipes by means of the box rolling method on a special laboratory mill built for this purpose is presented. The study performed the most important parameters for seamless conical aluminum tubes along the entire length of cylindrical tubes. It has been shown that the use of modern street LED lighting mounted on light cone-shaped lighting poles is cheaper, more ecologi...

Natural gas and oil have been unquestionably the most important energy resources in the world for years. Unfortunately, the occurrence of oil-based regions does not coincide with the main areas of oil and gas consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to transport hydrocarbons over very long distances. Sometimes thousands of kilometers. Laying pipelines is an extremely costly and logistically difficult engineering project. The basic methods of building gas pipelines include laying them in an open excavation. Sometime...

Major genetic concepts currently existing in geology are based on the hypothesis of the Earth?s cold homogeneous accretion put forth in the mid-20th century. The data obtained in the last decades are in conflict with these concepts. It has been found that compositions, isotope ages and formation temperatures of the crustal and mantle rocks are interrelated according to the laws of magmatic differentiation. This indicates that the rocks formed as a result of fractionation of the global magma ocean. Chemical disequi...

Geophysical exploration, the necessary part of oil and gas exploration, generates more and more data, subject of processing. The most powerful super computer clusters are used by business and academic institutions. However, often it is necessary to have evaluation of the measured data shortly after measurements, even in the field. Modern computer architectures, namely Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) and Field Programmable Gates Arrays (FPGAs) provide a good basis for PC-based fast data processing, to have, say, su...

The article presents a combination of modern methods regarding the problem of sedimentation processes. Suspensions are widely present starting from exploiting processes, through processing of natural resources, metal casting and processing, chemical engineering, problems of supplying drinkable water, and to sanitary engineering and technological processes of water preservation. Processing of suspensions using sedimentation is commonly used in previously mentioned disciplines. It is usually made by clarification, d...

The integration of a building into the environment can be achieved both from the architectural point of view and from the point of view of the used building materials, thus remarking material used since ancient times, namely wood. Wood is an organic, sustainable, environmentally friendly material that can reduce carbon dioxide emissions Due to the latest environmental protection requirements, economic issues related to construction costs and architectural diversity, it has been necessary to develop technologies re...

The paper is devoted to construction of the time efficient algorithm for solving the structural inverse gravimetry problem. The problem is in finding by known gravitational data multiple interfaces between layers with different constant densities. This problem is described by a nonlinear integral equation of the first kind; so, it is ill-posed. After discretization of the area and approximation of the integral operator, the problem is reduced to solving a system of nonlinear equations. An efficient method was cons...

In our article, we have focused on measuring the magnitude of adverse impacts caused by blasting in tunnels on surrounding areas. Disconnection of the rock massive during tunnel construction takes place due to the release of energy from the blast, which changes to the energy of the seismic waves and causes deformation of the rock massive integrity. Blasting works generate noise and seismic waves with changing maximum oscillation velocities and a wide spectrum of frequencies. The intensity of vibrations of the seis...

Air pollutants coming from human activities (anthropogenic) may be generated in the atmosphere at high concentrations and they are a potential problem due to their harmfulness to the environment as well as to the population. These high concentrations of atmospheric pollutants can have a significant impact through the formation of a transient local microclimate. Educational activities imply knowledge of this degree of pollution as well as its level through continuous monitoring over time. The monitoring was carried...

North of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the "rich" regions of the world in the number of finds of a woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) remains. Bones, and sometimes even frozen corpses of these fossil elephants are found here along the coasts, and on the banks of rivers and lakes where they thaw out from permafrost. The mammoths and other mammals of the Mammoth fauna remains are preserved up to present time due to cold climate and permafrost. And in some districts of Yakutia frozen Quaternary sedime...

The diversity of ecosystems in the mountainous regions is generally higher than in the lowland territories. In this regard, there is no exception to the Caucasus region. The central part of the Greater Caucasus Mountain System, which is located within the Republic of Georgia, consists of fiveadministrative units (Mestia, Lentekhi, Tsageri, Ambrolauri and Oni) and is 3 historic-ethnographic provinces (Svaneti, Lechkhumi, Racha). The study area is 8157 km 2 and the hypsometrically ranges from 315 m to 5203 m. Our re...

Twenty eight onshore mud volcanoes of the Kerch-Taman province were analysed to evaluate their current contribution to the trace-element budget of the landscape. The study area belongs to the Indol?Kuban Trough, where the anoxic marine mudrocks of the Maykop Formation were deposited in the Oligocene ? Early Miocene in the northern deep-water margin of the Parathetis ocean. The Maykopian Fm. mudrocks are main sources of solid matter for numerous mud volcanoes of the region. Mud masses (30 samples) and mud volcanic ...

The Oka carbonatite complex, one of the Cretaceous Monteregian Hills intrusions, consist of a wide range of silicate and carbonatite rocks (e.g. sovite, urtite, ijolite, jacupirangite, okaite). In the 60s, due to the abundance of pyrochlores and Nb-bearing perovskites, niobium mine (St. Lawrence Columbium mine) was developed and active until its closure in 1977, however significant amount of niobium minerals still remain at the deposit and surrounding dumps. Besides economic value as a niobium ore (and potentially...

The old Ervedosa mine (Northern Portugal) was intermittently exploited for tin by underground and open pit mining till 1969. The tailings were deposited on the ground. The mine was abandoned without any environmental remediation. Mineralization occur in quartz veins, and consists of cassiterite as the main ore mineral, and several sulphides (arsenopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and stannite), matildite, bismuthinite, native bismuth and other minerals. The present study aims to characterize th...

In-situ combustion process has been proven to be an effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method for heavy oils. However, until now, the in-situ combustion is still not widely used as steam injection is. The main reason that limits the wide application of in-situ combustion process is the unclear understanding of its complicated combustion and displacement process that is mainly controlled by the oxidation of crude oil. The complicated composition of crude oil makes it difficult to understand the oxidation mechani...

The article deals with the problem of restoring the disturbed balance in the system of ?man-society-nature?. As one of the factors the values of mythological consciousness are proposed. Myths and legends represent the experience of many generations of harmonic and healthy coexistence of man in nature. People became conscious of the environment through myths. The contradictions of man?s impact on the environment are investigated. All contradictions are based on technology and mismanagement of resources. Human impac...

The structure of the emptiness space of the oil reservoir rocks has been studied using high-resolution electron microscopy methods. Particular attention is paid to unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, among which argillites are finely divided. In them, the share of the nano-emptiness space is much higher than in typical carbonate and terrigenous reservoirs. The presence of a significant number of nano-cracks, which are either a continuation of micro-cracks, or independent of them, is established. A certain amoun...

The paper examines the results of field observations carried out on the Galician coasts of Spain hardly polluted in 2002 by fuel oil spilled from the sunken ?Prestige? tanker in order to determine the rates of the pollutant natural destruction and to consider their relationship with principal environmental factors. It is a part of a large-scale research being performed on geographically different oiled seacoasts in France, Spain and Russia. In Galicia, the observations were undertaken in October 2012, November 201...

Determining basaltic magma sources is easier than felsic magma sources. However, crustal contamination and crystal fractionations cloak important nature and source characteristic of the basaltic magma. To expose this privacy, it is necessary to use different spectroscopic methods to interpret the depth and origins of the intraplate basalts. In this study, Quaternary basalts have a huge outcrop in the southern region of Turkey has benefited from mineral compositions and the chemistry to reveal the origins of these ...

First indication of habitation on the site of the future Halmyris fortress dates back to early 6th century BC, when the region was inhabited by the Getae. The Roman fortress, constructed in 2nd century AD, was the easternmost one in the chain of fortifications built under Roman occupation along the Danubian border of the empire and was abandoned in 7th century AD after it lost its economic and strategic importance. The site is located on Murighiol-Dunav?? promontory 2.5 km east of Murighiol village at around 1.5 k...

An analysis of the stratigraphic positions of the Neogene coal facies in Romania and in the countries around lead to a first cyclo-stratigraphic coherent scheme for the Neogene in the Central Paratethys (?icleanu et al., 2001). This was based upon the warm and cold phases of a climatic cycle with 4.1 ma period highlighted by us since 1998 (Prague), named ?Valach climatic cycle? at that time. This scheme was also based on absolute geological ages of the Neogene important limits: Paleogene-Neogene (23.8 ma), Miocene...

This paper is focused on the main geological features of the Albanain Orogene. We seek to characterize the relation of this regional structure to the nearby regional tectonic units, summerizing its faulting patterns and the present neotectonic activity, as observed from the sesmic events and the geodynamic data. The geological structure of Albanides belongs to the Dinarides-Albanides-Hellenides folded belt, as an extension of the southern Mediterranean Alps. It extends along the eastern coasts of Adriatic and Ioni...

The Khibiny massif is the world?s biggest alkaline pluton with the size of 44 x 35 km in the plan and the area of some 1330 km2. The Devonian intrusion is a conical stock passing into the lopolith. To date, a set of observations and phenomena has been compiled, characterizing the Khibiny massif neotectonics as very complex and contradictory in many respects. It stands out with its high compressive stresses (first tens MPa) of the sub-horizontal position in the area of exploited deposits; major faults traced along ...

The species have been harvested from straw cereals by Barber soil traps.The gathering has been made during the growing season from spring until harvest. In the Barber traps, which consisted of plastic containers height of about 10-12 cm and 8-10 cm in diameter it was placed a solution of about 4% strength formalin. Six traps were used for each experimental variant, with a total of 18 traps. There were done many collection of materials at intervals of 10-12 days, the samples were labeled on each sample specifying: ...

The purpose of the work was to apply modern GIS technologies in exploration of a number of species of conservation value from the Chepan Mountain (Western Stara Planina, Bulgaria). A field survey was carried out and localities of the target plants were identified. The localities of Adonis vernalis L., Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) S?o, Edraianthus serbicus (A. Kern.) Petrovi?, Tragopogon balcanicum Velen., Tulipa urumoffii Hayek were mapped by GPS measurements on the field. The data obtained were used as a basis for...

The special resources of renewable energy identified in Romania have generated far more extensive concerns and research on their capture, storage and use. The first part of this paper presents a couple of renewable energy sources, technologies for their capture and conversion, and also several new storage methods and technologies applied worldwide, in order to know the issue, scale and complexity of the field, advantages and difficulties encountered in harnessing these resources. By this we aim to identify the new...

In-Situ Combustion is one of the most important and promising methods for enhancing oil recovery for both light and heavy crude oils from reservoirs. In this method air is injecting into the oil reservoirs and causes ignition and in the next step it effects combustion inside of reservoirs. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as a fast and accessible technique was used to monitoring the light and heavy crude oils oxidation behavior. Herein, we investigated two light and heavy crude oils based on temperatu...

Formation invasion plays an important role in the modern drilling practices. The well completion and production cost play more and more important role as the petroleum industry meets new challenges. The well completion and stimulation cost can be reduced if the mud?s effect on the hydrocarbon-bearing formation is clearly known and can be modeled at the well design phase. Better mud selection leads to lower cost in the completion phase. Proper mud selection can be supported by early reservoir analysis based on prev...

The world leader artificial lifting method is sucker rod pumping when considering the lifted well?s number. However, those sucker rod pumped wells are mostly stripper wells. The optimal production of stripper wells is a key-question in the life of mature oil fields close to abandonment. Sucker rod pumping is a well-known technology however production optimization and continuous operation supervision are essential for the economical production. The economic considerations are more powerful limitation factors for st...

The article presents a comparison of the advantages of natural refrigerants R717 or R744 (with low global warming potential ?GWP and zero ozone depletion potential ? ODP) instead of R404A. Energy Efficiency is also analysed. Romania signed Kyoto and Montreal Protocol and in the same time as a new member of EU has the obligation to respect the environmental legislation as Energy Efficiency Directive, Eco-Design Directive, and Regulation 517/2014 cold ?F-Gas? and to solve Certification System in the field of Air Con...

Amines are the key intermediates for agricultural, pharmaceutical, textile, polymer industry etc. The common method for the amines production from the fossil resources, in spite of the high yield of the target products, is characterized by the high amount of side toxic products. Nowadays the production of bio-based amines, in particularly the derivatives of sugars, is of the growing interest. This route of amine production results in the minor waste formation and can be considered as a sustainable. Among various r...

In this study, investigation of the composition, structure and catalytic activity of the catalyst support based on Ni-Al mixed oxides was carried out. The possibility of controlling structural and acid-base properties of the layered double hydroxides (LDH) by varying the ratio of M2+/M3+ metal cations determines its use as catalyst support. Besides varying of anions in the interlayer space allows to regulate catalytic system activity in the reaction medium. The Ni-Al LDH support was prepared by coprecipitation met...

Vegetation takes the active part in processes of migration and transformation of chemical combinations on the Earth's surface. The intensity of biogenic migration of chemical elements is defined, first of all, by chemical composition of plants. Various security of soils with chemical elements causes also their various accumulation in agricultural plants. Unrationed use of fertilizers, pesticides, broad development of the industry in the territory of the studied region - all these factors allow to classify the Rost...

The main factor of effective biological waste water treatment and pollutants biotransformation is correlation between different nitrogen forms in the media. The waste water specimens were obtained from the pulp and paper mill of the Russian North involving BAS-technology. Concentration of ammonium ions in wastewater was carried out on a spectrophotometer by Sedji-Solorzano method using phenol-hypochlorite reaction. Nitrite ions were determined colorimetrically by diazotization with sulfanilamide and subsequent cou...

Seismic sources location is one of the main tasks of seismology (determination of earthquake hypocenters) and this is the main task in microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing. When choosing a method for microseismic monitoring, noise immunity is one of the main parameters, which should be considered in order to obtain reliable results. The article is referred to the location of a point seismic source by the Diffraction Stacking method applied to synthetic signals obtained using 2D numerical simulation of s...

The right selections of BHA, (bottom hole assembly), provides to minimize cost of drilling through the elimination of fishing works, which could took place during drilling. In many cases during drilling operations there is need to maintain the continuity of pure drilling works in the wellbore through fishing works. The name of the time for these works, it is known as NPT ? nonproductive time. Before drilling the borehole, the engineers must took into account all geological properties and affordable technological s...

The paper is considering the results of the development of three hundred and three deposits of the Romashkinskoye oilfield, which is composed of porous fractured carbonate reservoirs. The investigation was devoted to the challenges associated with increasing of the production from the carbonate reservoirs on the basis of study concerning the conversion degree of the reserves involved in the development and production through the non-stationary production well operation. The authors present a comparative analysis o...

A number of small mountain ranges (horsts) separated by small basins (grabens) with Tertiary sedimentary filling appeared in the Western Carpathians mostly in their NW and N part. The Tatry Mts. and smaller so called Ru?bachy ?island? are the northernmost horsts from a series of Western Carpathian horsts. Our magnetotelluric measurements focusing particularly on the nature of the Sub-Tatra fault and the interconnection of the Tatry Mts. with the Ru?bachy ?island? confirm steep dip of Sub-Tatra fault in the souther...

The present article reports numerical results of laminar natural convection heat transfer within an air filled semi cylindrical cavity with its horizontal walls submitted to different heating models. In this work, the horizontal surface is maintained at constant temperatures Tc (Dirichlet condition) or heat fluxes q (Newman condition), while that of the opposite surface is considered at cold temperature Tf. The parameters governing the problem are the Rayleigh number (103 < Ra < 106), and the Prandtl number (Pr = ...

The use of bioenergy is gradually increasing, so are the number of different technologies to produce it. Particularly during the last years, new biogas plants had been built across Latvia to ensure more efficient use of farming and other agronomic waste or by-products. The aim of the research is to determine occupational risk factors at biogas plants in Latvia. The research summarises the risk factors of the biogas plant environment, compares the results of observations of biogas plants, performs a survey and an a...