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The most crucial factor influencing economic development and social well-being, as well as resulting in the mitigation of the effects of social poverty is electricity and its availability. As a result, a given country?s growing economy generates an increasingly higher demand for energy. Even though the generation of electricity in the Polish power industry is still primarily based on fossil fuels, there is a visible increase in energy produced from renewable sources. In 2016, in Poland the share of renewable energ...

Due to a nuclear power station accident in Chernobyl the soil, agricultural crops and biomass were contaminated by radiocaesium, in other words radioactive caesium (137Cs) within the Czech Republic. Focused on long ? term contamination, the most important element is the radiocaesium (137Cs), which is absorbed by both the human organism and the plants and is still deposited in the upper layers of the soil. Experience not only from the Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters has shown that public access to up ? to ? date ...

Rare earth elements form the group of 15 elements from the lanthanide group (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) and two elements from the scandium group (Sc and Y). The lanthanide group can be divided into two subgroups: Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) and Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE). The variability of the content was determined for LREE (Ce ? cerium, lanthanum ? La) and elements from the scandium group (Sc ? scandium, Y ? yttrium). The analyzed samples of bituminous coal were c...

For the tests a coal seam no. 209 of the Piast-Ziemowit coal mine has been selected, which is located in the south-eastern part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB). The basic material of the study was the results of laboratory analysis of sulfur and ash content from the furrow samples taken in the mining excavations of the coal seam no. 209 Piast-Ziemowit coal mine. The main objective of the research was to analyze the structure of variability of sulfur and ash content in hard coal using statistical and geosta...

Establishing public policies that result in decision-makers and citizens who are much more active when drafting, using, or pursuing how to implement strategies on proposed goals through sustainable development. Romania's National Strategy on Sustainable Development is based on the European Union Strategy for Sustainable Development with the set-ups set in Lisbon, and it is meant to be a binder for the elaboration and establishment of new public policies, which have the effect of changing the attitude of the societ...

D?mbovi?a River flows through Bucharest, capital of Romania, from NW to SE, bringing something from the nature in our capital. Since 1986, at the entrance in Bucharest, in order to control floods, it was realized Lacul Morii reservoir and the riverbed of D?mbovi?a was regulated along the city. ?Lacul Morii? reservoir is the largest lake in Bucharest covers an area of 246 ha and has as other potential water uses: providing water for CET Groz?ve?ti, irrigation, pisciculture, production of electricity. The reservoir ...

Braking using the eddy current induction phenomenon is used in traction systems, retarders supporting the truck braking system, but also in the testing of rotating machines to create artificial loads. In addition to the desired phenomenon of interaction between the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic brake coils and the field created in the brake disc as a result of induced electromotive forces causing eddy currents, during the brake operation is generated heat that is the effect of the eddy currents t...

In this paper, a PVC filled with a biodegradable polymer, such as polyhydroxybutyrate, was investigated. Polyhydroxybutyrate is a natural biopolymer, but its use limits its high cost. These polymeric composites were obtained by rolling. Thermal and thermomechanical properties of polymer composites based on PVC containing various amounts of polyhydroxybutyrate are studied. It has been determined by differential scanning calorimetry method that the glass transition temperature of PVC decreases with increasing percen...

Growth in the world economy requires an increase in global energy demand. And oil remained the world?s leading fuel, accounting for a third of global energy consumption (BP?s Energy Outlook, 2017 edition). However, the amount of conventional light oils is rapidly declining due to long-term and largely-scale extraction. Therefore, to relieve the pressure exerted on conventional oil resources, it is imperative to efficiently develop and utilize those unconventional oil reserves. Heavy oil is considered as an alterna...

The purpose of this study is thermodynamic simulation modelling of physicochemical conditions of the high-grade gold ore formation in the hydrothermally altered host rocks at different levels of erosion. In modelling, equilibrium mineral assemblages in the ores were obtained by minimizing the Gibbs free energy of chemical processes. The thermodynamic modelling of gold deposition was based on mineralogical-petrographic volumetric mapping and quantitative phase analysis of the ore and host rock samples. The high-gra...

Plastic is often one of the major components of municipal solid waste and its processing product Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) and thus, waste plastic is an alternative energy resource of importance for implementing Waste-to-Energy strategy. The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal decomposition characteristics by means of thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analysis of plastic commonly found in municipal solid waste from perspective of possibilities to use gasification as a proces...

This paper proposes a forecasting model based on time series technique for solar energy generation. The increasing use of renewable energy from solar and wind sources has gained acceptance and is being increasingly used. The main problems with these energies sources are the dependence of power output on the environmental parameters and the circadian variation. In order to obtain a continuous time series, average daily specific power records, W/m2, are used and moving average and exponential smoothing were tested t...

The time-dependent seismicity along the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ, 38В°-42В°N, 23В°-42В°E) is examined by means of the Decelerating-Accelerating Seismic strain release (D-AS) model. The model relies on observations of decreasing Benioff strain release several years before a strong earthquake, in the vicinity of the fault to be ruptured (seismogenic region), and increasing strain release in a broader area around this fault (critical region). Both patterns are manifested by moderate magnitude earthquakes (pre...

Terrestrial and submarine mud volcanoes of the Taman Peninsula are confined to the continuation of the Temryuk-Kerch anticline zone. Many of them, especially submarine volcanoes, are characterized by periods of active spontaneous activity. Mud volcanoes are of interest as not only objects that can have a negative impact on the natural environment, but also as sources bringing benefits in the form of erupted mud masses that are used to treat people. Up to this point, the question of the depth and temperature of the...

The paper consider the impact of the view on petroleum origin on the strugegy its exploration. The petroleum is complex, natural Self-organizing system. Its genesis, migration and accumulation in a pool is discrete process not associated with Biosphere matter and energy. Hydrocarbon (HC) molecules are generating during their migration thought Lithosphere layers under catalytic interaction with their selves and rocks. The structure and composition of the HC molecules different type appearing during the stages of th...

In model experiments, the influence of various media on the degree of transformation of kerogen of the Domanic rock in hydrothermal processes was studied. The object of the study was a sample of the rock, from the interval of depths of 1712.5-1718.5 m of the Semiluki-Bureg (Domanic) deposits of the Berezovskaya area of the Romashkinsky deposit, which is a dark gray marl alternating with limestone. The content of OM in the rock is 11.73%, according to the thermal analysis data, a significant part of which (9.56%) i...

Allocation of electricity exchanges between bidding zones represents one of the major challenges of European Electricity Market. Initially, it was an ATC capacity basedallocation mechanism for electricity markets. Currently, a powerflow based allocation method it is intended to be implemented. Starting from the premise to more efficiently use the transmission networks, the authors addressed the issue of transmission capacity and their related transmission costs allocation from theperspective of zonal approach. Aut...

A total number of 22 tsunamis were generated in the Black Sea in the past, as stated in the literature. Three from the twenty-two events were triggered by earthquakes occurred in Shabla area, the most dangerous one for the Romanian and Bulgarian shores, as follows: the oldest one, in Bisone area, 1st Century BC; year 543-544 AC, an earthquake of 7.5 M triggered waves of 2 - 4 m; the most recent, on 31st of March 1901, a 7.2 M earthquake generated 2.5 - 3 m tsunami waves, or 5 m according to other sources. The TRID...

The first major crisis in the history of the economy was "Tulip Mania" in Holland in the 1630s. Tulip, a flower spread in Iran, Turkey and Afghanistan, was first studied by the Flemish botanist Clusius, who brought the first bulbs to Europe at the end of the 1500s. He planted the tulips in a "study garden" of the University of Leiden. The interest of the people for the beautiful flower, called by the Iranians "Laleh", has been great since the beginning. Clusius notes that in 1598 the thieves stole 100 bulbs in one...

Present article contains new data on detailed study of typomorphic features of placer gold of the Krutoy creek (Khatyrkhay ore-placer cluster, Southern Yakutia). Basic typical characteristics of native gold are identified: granulometry, morphology, chemical composition, trace elements, micromineral inclusions and features of inner structure. Used traditional complex of analytical methods of studying placer gold allowed obtaining information about mineral type of primary mineralization and identifying association b...

Presently intensification of heavy oil production, particularly by applying various catalytic systems, is very attractive and relevant task for many researchers. Catalysts intensify a destruction process of high molecular compounds such as resins and asphaltenes. Thus, providing irreversible viscosity reduction of nonconventional crude oils. In this regard, investigation of ultra-dispersed catalysts based on transition metals is of current interest. The small particle sizes of catalysts yield a strong activity dur...

Direct and inverse problems of propagation of elastic waves in an inhomogeneous soil are considered. Based on the analysis of the vibrational field, the associated tasks of vibrational ecology are solved. These problems arise because of the impact of transport and construction equipment in the city. The propagation of elastic waves in the soil can lead to large levels of vibration on the surface of the earth and create unsatisfactory conditions away from sources. Transport, and especially the subway, have the stro...

Silesia Province, which is located in the southern part of Poland, belongs to regions with the most degraded lands in the whole country. According to the ?Environmental Protection 2017? (in Polish ?Ochrona ?rodowiska 2017?) report, prepared by the Central Statistical Offiice, in 2016 there were about 4900 ha of devastated and degraded areas in Silesia Province, which required reclamation. The reason for the occurrence of degraded lands in this area is the intensive exploitation and processing of natural resources....

Since thermal energy is one of the most environmentally hazardous industries, the issues of environmental compatibility of thermal power stations (TPPs) construction are the priority. One of the main supporting pre-project documents on projected construction of TPP is a report on its environmental impact assessment (EIA). Due to the diversity of technology options for generating electrical power, as well as differences in natural and man-made, economic, social and other conditions of the territories intended for T...

Biodiesel is well known alternative energy source to conventional fossil fuels. The most common production method of biodiesel is vegetable oil transesterification with methanol, which leads to glycerol formation. Increasing worldwide production of biodiesel causes considerable surplus of glycerol. To solve this problem, biodiesel production method from vegetable oil via interesterification is topical, via interesterification gycerol can be replaced with by-product, which is not necessary to separate from the biod...

The aim of research was to develop technical conditions for theproduction of biodegradable polymer films with usage of native and modified maize starches. The expected effect is the expansion of the range of modifying components for biodegradable polymeric products based on low density polyethylene and the reduction of pollutants emissions into the environment. It was determined a ratio of components for the production of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and parameters of extrusion processing of polyethylene and plastic...

The diversity of sites with a high proportion of metals is characterized by the occurrence of specifically adapted microorganisms. Their identification and subsequent accurate genotypic and phenotypic characteristics are a prerequisite for further practical applications, especially in bioremediation processes. The article deals with evaluation of biochemical features for fenotypic identification of bacterial microorganisms. 30 new isolates of gram-positive microorganisms of genus Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacte...

The relationships between vessels and water environment in which they do exploitation tasks are presented in this paper. In conjunction with that fact that vessels are the biggest means of transport, they also have the biggest propulsion units having substantial influence on polluting the natural environment. Therefore an attempt of analysis whether replacing liquid hydrocarbon fuel with alternative fuels reduces degradation of the environment was made. For this purpose an analysis of alternative fuels, mainly bio...

Forecasting a demand for hard coal is no easy feat, especially at times when there are constant transformations of the country?s energy mix structure. This stage should be realized in every mining company as grave mistakes in estimating a prospective sale may result in a disadvantageous economic situation of a company. The article presents an autoregressive model which mining companies may use to analyse the predicted sale of a raw material in order to plan an action strategy based on the achieved results.

The article herein concerns direct conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy of fluid motion by means of a specially designed thermomechanical pump. The conditions of fluid boiling in constraint environment were considered. The peculiarity of fluid evaporation in constraint environment when no natural convection is developed in the tubes is periodic overheating and explosive growth of vapour phase which leads to shooting the fluid out of the tube. Vapour slugs formed under slug boiling conditions are the...

To decrease the CO2 levels in the atmosphere without compromising with the electricity production and energy security two different issues have to be addressed ? replacement of the current use of fossil fuels with CO2-neutral fuels and increase in the efficiency of the existing processes for thermal conversion. Fluidized bed (FB) thermal conversion is usually considered as the most energy efficient choice when biomass and municipal solid waste are used as fuels. The bed material that is used commonly within FB boi...

The issues of rational use of land resources have become increasingly relevant, as all economies depend on the goods and services provided by the natural environment. Soils as a natural resource perform a number of key environmental, social and economic functions. In Latvia, utilised agricultural land occupies 2.3 mln. ha, yet no research investigations into organic soils have been conducted. The use of agricultural land, organic soils in particular, is associated with negative environmental impacts. Therefore, th...

The transport sector is one the most energy-intensive sector on planet. Whether we are discussing about cargo or travelers, the transport sector is causing environmental damage. Therefore an Impact Assessment study in the Transport sector concerning energy efficiency should draws attention. First of all the transport cost decrease, and second it contributes to the natural resources to be saved by the fossil fuels.Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and current rate of global warming can happen using a proper energy ...

The paper presents the overview of using the modification natural zeolites for heavy metals removal from aquatic environment. Zeolites occurred naturally as microporous materials. They are hydrated aluminosilicates with special ion-exchange and sorption properties. These minerals with special three-dimensional porous structure possess advantages over other cation exchange materials such as prize, the strong selectivity for different cations at low temperatures followed with loosen of non-toxic replaceable cations ...

Kalman filter is a set of mathematical equations that provide an efficient and recursive calculation of the means to estimate the state of a process, in a way that minimizes the average square error. The filter is very powerful in several aspects: supports estimations of past, present, and future states, and it can do so even when the precise nature of the shaped system is unknown. The concept of "closed loop" in Reservoir management is currently considered significant in the oil industry. The technique of updatin...

Application of geophysical methods when purposefully deployed, is an efficient tool for getting excellent information while resolving many tasks in various disciplines. The article is about utilisation of data gained by deploying electrical resistivity tomography while resolving stability of non-stable rock block. In this case the task of the mine meter was to calculate volume of eroded rock in discussed rock massif. Information of geophysical measurement by non-traditional method were used. In this case are resul...

This paper deals with alternative options for the recovery of ash from metallurgical production, which is considered to be waste generated by the above-mentioned production process and is currently being disposed of by landfilling. It is precisely the recovery of such waste that contributes to the sustainable development of the environment, to the increase of the metallurgical business itself and thus to the preservation of its competitiveness. Based on quantitative and qualitative analyzes of the ash produced, it...

Nowadays a biomass belong to main sphere of interest by reason of global energy politics. A many researcher works are concentrated on feasible solutions according with the politics a main strategy to elimination of energy and environmental load. This work is fall under solutions for energy saving and fossil fuel substitution by biomass. In concrete, the interest of authors is in iron ore sintering area and utilization of biomass as a part of sintering mixture or as a partial replacement for agglomeration coke. The...

Reliability of renewable energy generation forecast became particularly important since its share denotes a constant growth in the global energy mix and the uncertainty of supply continuity resulting from this rises. Given the numerous geographic and meteorological factors that greatly influence the results of a more general probabilistic determination, an accurate prospect is hardly possible when enlarging the territory or the time span. Moreover, power systems disturbances and load variation, also unpredictable,...

Over the last decade, the rise in energy demands for industries and households all over the world has caught the attention of environmentalists. Higher energy demands calls for more energy sources, yet majority of the energy sources have an immense effect on the environment and atmosphere. Today, smart cities are the model for future city planning and urban development by integrating information communication technology (ICT) solutions as well as energy conservation and climate change combating mechanisms where wi...

The article deals with the use of voluntary associations of municipalities for investment purposes in connection with regional policy. Voluntary associations of municipalities represent one of the ways of interregional co-operation. Usually they take form of a public group or association as a legal entity and the purpose of all associations of municipalities is to provide public services to their members. The aim of the article is to find a possible way of financing investment activities in a community with a focu...

The main objective of the paper is to propose an innovative approach to analyzing the vulnerability of electricity networks from natural hazards. The proposed innovative approach is based on the principles (technology) of virtual reality (VR). The main features and advantages of VR are discussed. The possibilities of VR for the study of the negative impact of natural hazards on the infrastructure are analyzed. The importance and timeliness of an in-depth analysis of the vulnerability of electricity networks from t...

Water resources are the national wealth of any country and one of the basic foundations of its economic development. The growth of cities, rapid industrial development, intensification of agriculture, a significant expansion of irrigated land and many other factors make the problems of rational water resource management more difficult. The activity of the mining and chemical enterprise mainly leads to the soil and the water pollution. After the closure of the enterprise, it is necessary to develop a remediation pr...

History of water supply and sewerage systems dates back to ancient times, since water is a scarce resource needed for life. Worldwide, it is possible to find the remains of various drinking water pipelines. Various ways of dealing with wastewater are also documented. This article deals with water management in the Czech Republic area. The topicality of the text is supported by the fact that not all residents in the Czech Republic are currently supplied by drinking water from public water systems and the proportion...

Wave equations for the dynamics of the ontogeny of linden leaves growing near a highway with intensive movement are given. The way of the analysis of parameters (lengths, width, perimeter and the area) for engineering biology and bioindication of the surrounding air environment is shown by oscillatory indignations of leaves. On the roadside, choose a tree and measure the distance from the middle of the root neck to the curb perpendicular to the road. In each zone a group of not less than 5 leaves is selected, mark...

This paper presents a novel control system design for the wind turbine model with PIC microcontroller power control system. The system uses Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) for wind power generation to generate electricity. For controlling power generation process the system applies microcontrollers PIC operating in multitasking mode. The proposed PIC controlled DFIG not only provides a low cost solution to today?s electric power needs, but also is aimed at delivering better power quality, making it ideally s...

Zarechensk barite-polymetallic deposit is located in the northwest part of Ore Altai megatrough, which has long-lasting history of its development and complicated geological structure. Within the ore district, which is the northwest part of the devonian Zmeinogorsk-Bystrushinsky trough, ore mineralization is associated with the system of northwest border faults and cross branch faults. At these deposit four main stages and five phases of minerogenesis were determined. The first stage is the stage of oregenesis beg...

A specific feature of thermal power plants (TPP) is the multivariate nature of their intense technogenic impact on the environment, including pollution of air, environmental waters, soils, as well as disturbance of the geologic environment. Besides, TPPs cause thermal, radiation, noise and electromagnetic pollution; they also induce physical littering of the terrain and problems associated with storage of ash waste. Due to the reasons stated above, a comprehensive study of environmental damage zones caused by TPP ...

Samples of ore for micromineralogical research were selected from the core of boreholes. The mineral composition of the ores, their textural and structural features were examined under an optical microscope in reflected and transmitted light, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) with microanalyzer. Mineralization by its composition is sulfide. The nature of mineralization is imbedded. Phenocrysts are presented by separate idiomorphic grains of pyrite, aggregate interg...

The paper deals with the problematics of tracking of dynamic parameters in an enclosed space. Its focus is on temperature dynamics in three layers during a fire in the small-scale models. 3D outdoor fire modelling test has been made as the most realistic way of outdoor fire testing. Various phases of the fire, the temperature change related to the fire phase and various fuel sources are observed and analysed. The flashover phenomena was present as expected. Experiments and analyses of material flammability charact...