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Between the living things there has been always an ongoing interaction. Humankind is polluting consciously or unconsciously while interacting within the environment which is surrounding him. Because of the rapidly changing (physical, chemical and biological) ecological events recently in our world, the boost of technological contamination, roughness in technological use, personal or societal insensitivity once have proved how significant the environmental education is. In order to adapt universal environment polic...

The problem of recycling worn car tires is ecologically and economically important. Worn-off tires are a source of long-term environmental pollution. Tires subject to no biological decomposition, they are inflammable and being ignited 1 ton of tires releases in the atmosphere 270 kg of carbon black and 45 kg of toxic gases. At the same time, they contain valuable raw materials such as rubber resin and metal. The most optimum of all known tire-recycling methods is low-temperature pyrolysis that provides complete re...

Coastal zones are exposed to many dynamic processes that usually cause changes on long and short time spans. Erosion, sediment transport, environmental pollution and coastal development are among the most severe processes impacting the coastal zones. Monitoring of shoreline change needs a long-term commitment and objective decisions on shoreline change are usually made based on shoreline and erosion monitoring data that are usually acquired cumulatively over a long period of time. The purpose of the present work i...

Water is the key Element in social and economic development of the country, which is becoming a scares resource due to over-increasing demands of the growing population, Agriculture, Hydropower and Industrial Users. Site selection of industries in the river side, usually affect on the monitoring program. Thus the monitoring of the rivers for the effective management and planning in the water section has become most predominant aspect and need to pay attention to the best program for industries location. Haraz is a...

The fast pace of global warming is the reason why housing is not sufficiently adapted to climate change. It is mainly expressed as hurricanes, flash floods, high solar radiation. The inclination of Earth’s axis combined with the Earth’s core overheating brings about strong earthquakes and tzunami waves. In order to adapt residential buildings to the dynamics of disasters, their design criteria should be updated. The criteria are related to the spatial planning, construction, heating, drainage and ground streng...

The fast pace of global warming is the reason why geotechnical structures are not sufficiently adapted to climate change. The storm winds, flash floods and sea level rise accelerate the landslide and erosion processes. This is the reason why the protective structures will be mostly of two kinds – landslide protection and coast-protection structures. In order for the geotechnical structures to better adapt to the dynamics of landslide and erosion processes, the criteria for their design should be updated. Criteri...

Gold mining is attracting increasing attention in many countries of the world, although it has a major impact on the environment. Large quantities of hazardous chemicals such as mercury or sodium cyanide are consumed to recover gold from its ores. Therefore, this activity should be carefully regulated by means of global directives based on an up-to-date knowledge of ecotoxicity principles and modern environmental standards. In light of recent developments in world gold mining, Turkiye has caught the attention of f...

The analysis of the practical applications of the findings of the preliminary tests for the effectiveness of the disinfection treatments with high-frequency cold plasma conducted on samples collected from patrimony items and reference materials of organic nature has shown that the microbiological investigations confirm the biocide action of the HF plasma in fighting bacteria (after 45 minutes in the samples of icon wood and natural silk, 60 minutes in the cotton samples, 90 minutes in the archaeological wood and l...

This report describes the morphogenesis of the cyathium in two subspecies of Euphorbia myrsinites L. occurring in the flora of Romania related to the vascular transition. Our histo-anatomical researches established the origin of the vascular system in the different parts of the cyathium (involucre, nectary glands, monostaminate male flowers and female flower).

Our investigations have focused on observations concerning the horse-chesnut’s (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) leaves in various phenophases, the state of the leaf surfaces and histo-anatomical changes of the leaves under the influence of the atmosphere pollutants (sulphur dioxide, chlorine, ammoniac, lime or cement powders). The histo-anatomical changes induced by the gaseous and solid atmosphere pollutants on the lamina have been observed in protecting tissues, assimilator tissues (the palisade and the spongy tiss...

In this paper it has been assessed the current situation of the old vestige material deposits created during the Pb-Zn concentrate production process. Flotations of Stant\"erg, Kishnica and Albanik, have exposed those vestige materials in the open surface field and are treated as main source of the air contamination in Mitrovica and surroundings, Kizhnica and Albanik. The results which make powerful the opinion that application of the hydro filling method of exploitation in all Trepca mines are shown as well, sinc...

The photodegradation of Acid Yellow 23 a model compound from monoazo textile dyes was investigated using TiO2, SnO2 and TiO2+SnO2 suspension as photocatalysts at different gap sizes. The results showed that the coupled particles were not much different from single TiO2 system at the gap size of 4.5 cm in a batch reactor. But the coupled system was more effective when the gap size was reduced to 2.5 cm. A complete decolorization occurs at the gap size of 1.1 cm after 20 min of irradiation while 90\% decolorization ...

Prospecting and exploration activities for oil and gas in a number of cases are connected with some environmental impacts in the location of their implementation. Depending on the applied prospecting and exploration methods – geophysical or drilling methods or combination of both - the environmental impacts comprise mainly of: air emissions from the equipment engines, short-term damages to land and soil, contamination of surface and ground water, waste generation, cuttings in forests, etc. The implemented comple...

INTRODUCTION Within the scope of the recently started initiative SAFEMANMIN under 6th Framework Programme, a preliminary report about methods used for the characterization of mining wastes in several Eli countries (Austria, Italy, Greece, Poland, Norway, Spain, France, Germany, Bulgaria and Romania) has been complied. This study is based on the Reference Document on Best Available Techniques of Tailings and Waste-Rocks in Mining Activities, prepared by the IPPC Office in Seville (July 2004). It aims on establishin...

Main research directions worldwide concern the distinguishing of the adaptative response of the individuals to environment modifications which occur under the influence of pollutants. These modifications are manifested at different levels: morphological, structural, ultrastructural and biochemical. This manifests not only by macroscopic deviations from the laws of symmetry, but by modifications in the stomata and hairs (tector and secretor) pattern. The vegetal material was collected during June and July 2006 from...

In the paper is discussed the possibilities of preventive methods of quality management in scope of environmental prevention and the waste liquidation and their application.

Extraction of vanadium, nickel and iron contained in spent catalyst coming from the manufacture of sulfuric acid (main elemental composition: 3.5\% V; 0.63\% Ni and 7.9\% Fe) was studied. The effects of roasting and leaching temperature, concentration of the leaching reagent, reaction time and pulp density on the extraction of vanadium, nickel and iron were determined. Sulfuric acid was used as leaching reagent. ANOVA was used to find out the optimal leaching conditions and to analyze the results. The results obta...

It’s explored and analyzed experience for treating of building refuse’s at the world in cities with over 500000 populations. It’s collected and systematized dates for existing quantities of building refuse’s for last 3 years at the area of Sofia city. There are shown a technological process and choosing a machine group for rehabilitation of building refuse’s. There are made economical analyze for competitive power between rehabilitation and store in depot.

Recently, the effect of noise pollution appeared due to noise increasing from highway transportation, especially, the great majorities of the people living in city centers. Identifying the noise levels have gained great importance in terms of planning of the cities, regions, industries and our being informed how degree the noisy pollution have influenced our daily life. Development plans performed in our country have been carried out without taking into consideration the factor of noise pollution. One of the bigge...

The effectiveness of methane drainage lies in the implementation of a process to siphon methane gas (from the ground) to create a source for fueling electric power generation. This process can be seen on the principle of BAT (“Best Available Technology”). Applied BAT when combined within an effective and efficient Environmental Management System results in benefit to both the environment and profitability. In India too, methane in recent time has been accepted as a gas fuel of future. Although lagging behind i...

Shoreline change rate is the most critical feature of the coastal area because it reveals future harmful impacts driven by long-term climate changes and episodic events. Since the coastal zone is one of a nation’s greatest environmental and economic assets, the best methodology, as far as accuracy is concerned, estimating the rate of change of a shoreline is an open question. The accuracy both of the geoinformation used and the computed change rate is of crucial importance. The purpose of the present paper is to...

This research presents aerosol measurements using the field study data from April2004 to December 2006 to evaluate the particulate air pollution in selected area in Mitrovica. This part of northern Kosova constitutes one of most important mining field in Europe. Consequently the industrial activities were mostly connected to the exploitation of the base metal ores of the Trep\cca district as well as the smelter of Zve\ccan and the Trep\cca battery factory. The town of Zve\ccan and Mitrovica have been exposed for m...

Most of the coastal zones in Europe are under the high level of anthropogenic pressure. Intensive use can lead to a devaluation of the natural capital of these zones and negatively affect the social and economic balance. These issues cannot be solved by the South-Eastern Baltic Region States separately (e.g. common natural and cultural heritage, transfers of pollutants and sediments, tourist flows, maritime safety) and requires international collaboration. One of the ways to ensure sustainable development of the c...

In our paper, the investigations have focused on observations regarding the physiological and biochemical changes on the horse-chesnut’s (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) leaves during their ontogenetic cycle under the influence of the atmosphere pollutants (sulphur dioxide, chlorine, ammoniac, lime or cement powders). The foliar chlorosis and necrosis represent the clear manifestation of deep physiological modifications, as well as severe structural alterations, which affect the average content of water, dry matter, ...

The increasing use of paste backfill in underground mining makes it necessary to quantify the effect of tailings properties, such as physical and chemical properties, on the performance properties of cemented paste backfill (CPB). The mechanical performance of CPB placed in underground openings (i.e. mine stopes) is often different from the one predicted in laboratory studies even under similar curing conditions of temperature and humidity. This observation is presumably due to the specific consolidation and drain...

The earthquake jeopardy for our country is a reality that can not be ignored, since 98\% of Bulgarian territory is an earthquake-prone area. Among all natural disasters, earthquakes are the greatest contemporary menace - according to UN statistics. Hence, the existence of appropriate resources for effective earthquake protection is the relevant background for the sustainable economic development of any modern state. The continuous seismic monitoring of strong earthquakes, affecting the territory of Bulgaria is car...

Companies decide to implement an EMS for a variety of reasons, and choose the type of EMS that corresponds to their needs, aspirations, and capacities. In doing so, they need to think about the ways in which they wish to imbed their EMS within overall corporate strategies and how to link it with other management support tools that they have in place. If an EMS is not supported by appropriate corporate governance is unlikely to have an efficient impact. For example, the responsibility for corporate environmental po...

We report in this paper the preliminary results obtained during removal of pesticides from industrial wastewater by Fenton’s reagent. Fenton process is attractive alternative to conventional oxidation processes in effluent treatment of recalcitrant compounds. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of fenton process for the reduction of COD in wastewaters from pesticide industry. Several parameters were also studied: dose of Fe+2 and H2O2. The process of pesticide removal from industrial wastewater u...

A natural zeolite, Clinoptilolite was used to investigate its adsorption capacity for the lead (II) ions from artificial polluted tap water in this study. For the experimental studies, Clinoptilolite mineral which is 25-140 mesh size was used by activating with HCl, and lead ion removal efficiencies were examined. Experiments were studied under laboratory batch conditions were run at different pH values, temperatures. The highest removal efficiency was found as about 87\% at pH 5. Similarly, experiments were carri...

The present work aims at presenting the main research topics of GPhI in the field of numerical air pollution modeling. The basic dynamic and pollution transport models, applied for the purpose are briefly described. Some study results are demonstrated, concerning air pollution modeling in local and regional scales.

The quantity and the content of the landfill gas, emitted/extracted from landfill for non-hazardous waste “Suhodol” have been studied. Modeling calculations have been executed and forecast data for the quantity of the emitted and utilized landfill gas for the period till 2040 have been done. Methods for the treatment of the landfill gas, as it consists of methane - a powerful greenhouse gas, have been presented. The applicability of the presented different methods for Landfill “Suhodol” has been assessed. ...

TOC (Total Organic Carbon), TKN (Total Kjedhal Nitrojen), tP (total Phosporus), C/N (Carbon/Nitrogen ratio) contents and other properties of Municipal Solid Waste, in Д°stanbul are suitable for Compost Production. Compost is an extremely useful agent in agriculture, provides humous to soil, improves its porosity, workability, aeration and needless to say improves water absorption capacity. It also helps increasing the number of saprofit micro organisms and helps plants to get more of fertilizers. Another advantage...

We have studied 15 species of ligneous plants angyosperms, spontaneous and cultivated ones – in areas adjacent to industrial platforms: Borzeşti (Bacău county), Bicaz and Taşca (Neamţ county) - Romania; in the first case, the noxious substances are mainly gaseous (sulphur dioxide, chlorine, ammoniac), but also solid (carbon black, soot); in the other two cases, the noxious substances are mainly solid ones (lime or cement powders prone to sedimentation). Our investigations have focused on observations concern...

Different kinds of pesticide are used for protection of plant from different pests which are bacteria, insects, fungi, nematotes, worm’s etc. Generally they give some advantage farmers’ plant production, but they also have some important disadvantage with their residues on plant materials. Farmers mostly apply pesticides higher than the needed levels to quarantive the higher production. They sometime use the pesticides later than deformation period. This time some residue chemicals may still be on the applicat...

Ore dressing leads to producing of great quantities of waste which are stored in special waste depositories (tailing ponds). They occupy large areas and their exploitation provokes air, water and soil contamination of the surrounding territories. Reclamation is one of the most radical methods for recovery of the environmental components, creation of conditions for grass and forest growth and formation of appropriate landscape. The current study aims to determine the anthropogenic impacts on the soils in the region...

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can effect plant growth and development in two different ways: indirectly or directly. Indirect promotion of plant growth occurs when these bacteria decrease or prevent some of the deleterious effects of phytopathogenic microorganism. The most important way is the direct way, when bacteria promote plant growth by providing the plant with a compound that is synthesized by the bacteria from plant rhizosphere. From this point of view there are many studies that show the imp...

For identification, preliminary selection and mapping of potential sites for regional waste landfills methods are applied, which are based on modern technologies - remote sensing, automated procedures in GIS environment for reduction of selected potential sites on the basis of pre-set categories and criteria as well as computer-aided visual interpretation of vector and raster data from the “CORINE Land Cover 2000 - Bulgaria” project. Office activities are followed by field investigations during which the main ...

The selective bio-solubilization of mineral sulphide deposits has had an upward development lately due to the irreversible depletion of the ore deposits and the accumulation of large quantities of refuse dumps, the process being equally important for the economy and the environment. This paper aims at carrying out a quantitative assay of both the heterotrophic and the sulphur-oxidising bacteria of the Thiobacillus genus found in samples of mine waters collected from the Barza and Valea Morii mining sites in the Ap...

We present a method for the neutralisation of heavy metals – Pb, Zn, Cd and Cr in contaminated water and soils by binding them into water-insoluble complexes, inabsorbable by plants, which was found to be effective under laboratory and green-house conditions. By introducing multiblock copolyethers (MBPE) and low molecular weight organic chelates (LOC) in water, containing heavy metal ions, they interact stoichiometrically and precipitate, affording water of irrigation quality. Treatment with MBPE and LOC (by sin...

The major impact of early mining resulted from the establishment of this mine tailings, which neutralized hundreds hectares of land, which due poor management and neglect have been subjected to varying degrees of water and wind erosion. Environmental impacts range from water pollution (acid mine drainage derived from oxidation of sulphides, mainly pyrite, and the heavy metals in the Mooteh mine tailings), air pollution in the form of airborne dust from unrehabilitated, partially rehabilitated and reprocessed mine ...

Laboratory investigations on zinc ions removal from model solution in a column with fixed bed zeolite clinoptilolite were conducted. Experimental dynamic curves for sorption depending on the bed height of zeolite and velocity of treated solution were received. The main constant parameters characterizing the process at breakthrough were defined. It was established that the bed column volumes of solution and the capacity at breakthrough increase with increasing of contact time, whereas sorbent usage rate decreases. ...

The elimination of finely emulsified oil from waste waters is an important problem, and so far, no satisfactory solution thereto is available worldwide. Here we report some of the results from our studies on the purification of water from different types of oil, to allow waste water re-use in the technological cycle, or use for agricultural irrigation. The isolation of oil is performed by treatment of waste water with polymers of specific adsorption behaviour and solubilizing properties in aqueous medium. Multiblo...

Jurassic brown coal layers of the Kansk-Achinsk basin are the actual source for thermal power stations of West Siberia. The thick (up to 70 m) coal layers lay almost horizontally. Typical unaltered coal is low in trace elements and has, correspondingly, a low radioactivity. However, coal in the uppermost part of the thick dense layers is most often altered to become friable and acquire unusually high contents of some trace elements including natural radioactive ones. Brown coal samples from open-cut mines and natu...

The Varna lake is connected with Varna bay (situated in the north – west part of the Black Sea with two channels).The lake has a strategic role in the economy of Varna city. This determine the interest and necessity from investigation of changes in it hydrological and hydrobiological conditions. The variations of this parameters in the lake ecosystems is provoke from antropogenical influence ( particulary the effect of heat pollution from coastal electric power stations). During the last 10 years, thermo-electri...

The destructive economic processes in the extraction of minerals and ores, and the global climate change may cause landslide expansion in the area of the abandoned open mines. The landslides are hazardous for the nearby settlements and road infrastructure. The legislative and regulatory documents lag behind the requirements of the practice of protection of sliding terrains along the ridges of the abandoned open mines. In order to solve the problem, the regulations related to landslide protection should be updated ...

In this paper a total of seven samples (a river sediment, two surface soil samples, and four surrounding rocks) from the Pangaion area, Northern Greece, were collected and analyzed for their content in 10 major (Al, Ca, Cl, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, S, and Si) and 32 trace elements (Ag, As, B, Ba, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hg, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Y, Zn, and Zr). The sampling was based on the major geomorphological processes of the area. The two soil samples are typical of the...

The North-Western Bohemia region takes a unique position in the history of mining in the Czech Republic. Several ore districts are situated here, the welfare of which influenced the development of the Czech state in some periods. Some precious stones mining was also significant. Today the North-Bohemian Basin area is known for its largest Czech brown coal deposit. Whereas ore mining in the region extinguished and the other raw materials mining has relatively small significance, coal mining and the restoration of d...

In our days more and more people focus they attention towards the problems of environment and the living conditions since the Earth is a very rich reservoir of natural resources which ensure life. Around the world people demonstrate for and demand that the substances which destroy the environment shouldn’t be used anymore. It is well known fact that the territory of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reservation is permanently subjected to a large quantity of domestic waste resulting from the activities of exploitation ...

A comparative study of the content of five macro- and about fifty micro- and trace elements in fly ashes from six coal-burning power plants in Bulgaria is carried out by means of a combination of Chemical Analysis, AAS, X-Ray Luminescence and X-Ray Fluorescence EDA. The elements’ distribution among and within single particles is investigated on the base of the comparison of data from bulk analysis, micro-analysis, and the results from acid leaching tests using 0.1M HNO3. It is established that many heavy metals ...

General environmental problems generated during blast activities in open pit mining are ground vibrations, air pressure, fly rock, dust and poisonous gases and fumes. In some cases, these problems can be the source of some continual disagreements (fear, right and unrighteous complaints, etc.) on inhabitants living close to a blast-based production in a quarry as well as damage on the buildings situated nearby. In this study, the ground vibrations produced by blasting operations performed at a limestone quarry were...