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The generation and occurrence of surface runoff from a slope is driven by many factors, such as the slope gradient, the physical properties and current state of the soil, the type and density of the vegetation cover, and the intensity and duration of rainfall events. Within the study experiments with a rainfall simulator were focused on an analysis of the impact of a changing slope gradient on the generation of surface runoff and the amount of eroded soil material. The experiments were conducted in laboratory cond...

Within the global hydrological cycle, by redistributing the water masses, there are variations of the gravitational field as a result of changing the subsurface density and the atmospheric masses. For the use of gravimetric data in the hydro-geological modeling it is necessary to correct the direct and indirect effect of gravity due to the altitudes at each point on the topographic surface. Also, based on the variation of the gravitational field according to the selected time intervals (monthly, seasonal, yearly),...

The concept of sustainable development has an increasing influence on the implementation of innovative solutions processes. On the other hand, technologies are an important factor driving development, not only economic but also social and ecological. The aim of the article is to present the importance of the creative process during implementation of geothermal water deironing technology for sustainable development. There are many water deironing technologies available on the market. However, only a few of them are...

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors of influence in alluvial deposits due to the anchoring of barges in the vicinity of river ports. The problem of analysis was identified at the anchorage of the barges near the Galati Mineral Harbor on the Danube River. The area of the navigable channel located downstream of the mineral port is affected by alluvial deposits. Major problems occur in the summer months, when Danube waters are very low. Analysis of these issues was done with the SolidWorks Flow modu...

Two identical hollow fibre membranes used for ultrafiltration as prefiltration stage of water drinking treatment were tested for assessing the efficiency of cleaning, by using hydrodynamic cavitation. Each membrane with outside-in permeate flow direction, and the same molecular weight cut-off (0.097 m) was placed vertically inside glass cylinders. One hollow fiber membrane was subjected tohydrodynamic cavitation and cavitation during backlfushing. For the other membrane no treatment was provided for comparison rea...

Thermal pollution is considered to be one of the physical water pollution types that is caused by dumping of water heated by the units of industrial, thermoelectric and nuclear power stations. This type of pollution is characterised by the increase of water temperature higher than the natural level. At the places where heated water is dumped there are zones with water temperature higher than in the whole reservoir: about + 12пїЅ ? in winter and + 30пїЅ ? in summer. This fact results into the increased amount of or...

The main purpose of this work was to determine the influence of type of sampling container on a chemical composition changes of geothermal water. Current research conducted on a bottled waters indicated that, from the vessel walls to water stored in a bottle are transferred various pollutants, mainly the elements such as: arsenic, chromium and antimony [1-3]. Waters with a natural high temperature can intensify mentioned process. The experiment was conducted on the samples of geothermal water collected from the PG...

For a long time, coal mining in the Eastern Donbass was the most powerful factor affecting the natural environment. The most significant were the natural underground and surface waters. Their pollution was due to mixing with highly mineralized man-made mine waters, which seeped through the rock mass, polluting the underground hydrosphere, and at the same time, as a result of pumping out of mines, fell into rivers. As a result of the closure of most coal mines in the region in the 1990s, the processes of hydrospher...

The need to improve the quality of water in the metropolitan area Galati-Braila is the direct result of RomaniaпїЅs engagement to comply with the European legislation regarding the continuous monitoring of water quality through the permanent control of the bacterial and physical-chemical parameters, not only in the water destined for human consumption, but also in the water drained in the rivers of the region. The water needed for the urban area Galati-Braila comes from the Danube, and in this geographical segment...

Mining and chemical industry is a source of significant anthropogenic impact on natural components. Industrial wastes of Rozdil state mining and chemical enterprise (SMCE) пїЅSirkaпїЅ are one of the sources of environmental pollution, including soils and the water environment. The enterprise is located in the West of Ukraine (Lviv region). It poses an environmental hazard to the Dniester River and surrounding settlements. Large-tonnage wastes like phosphogypsum (over 3 million tons) were formed on its territory in...

In recent years the small hydrographical basins were affected by numerous extreme hydrological events. Genesis of floods from these hydrographical basins is linked primarily by climatic conditions and other factors such as: geology, soil by its temperature and its humidity, vegetation, topography trough slopes, shape and surface of the hydrographical basin, which influence the concentration time and water volume. Mike She model is able to simulate the entire stream flow. This paper is using Mike She Model for runo...

An important feature of the small rivers in the fact that they are the starting point of the river network, and any changes that occur in their mode, will marked on the hydrological chain. Small rivers form the water resources of medium and large rivers, hydrochemical water quality and creating lands large areas. Object is a small river Mertvovod in Mykolaiv region (Ukraine). Purpose is an environmental analysis of the state of the Mertvovod River, to determine and analyze possible impacts on the state of the wate...

Since the beginning of widespread use of plastic its consumption and production has been constantly increasing. As a result of human activity part of waste ends up in our environment and is deposited in each of the elements of the biosphere. These impurities can be in the form of large elements, small particles fragmented to macroscopic level (pellets, facial scrub grains) and the microparticles visible under a microscope. Particularly harmful for the environment are microplastic particles, which can be deposited ...

The periods with precipitations surplus represent a risk that usually has a local prevalence, unlike the periods with precipitations deficit, where the areal spread is large, and the onset and evolution are slow. The perception in the case of periods with pluviometric surplus is that of a major hydrological risk, because of the violent and progressive way of manifestation, while droughts are perceived as being less dangerous phenomena. Among the pluviometric parameters that visibly influence the precipitations reg...

The river monitoring activity from the territory of the Banat hydrographic space which is situated in south-western part of Romania started in the 19th century, when the achievement of drainage works were started, of great amplitude, in the subsidence area of the Western Field, where there several swamps and frequent floods took place, and when several hydrotechnical works were performed, based on studies and projects, for which several observations and hydrological measurement where necessary. The occurrence of t...

This paper presents the results of column tests conducted to investigate the potential use of silica spongolite as a reactive material for the treatment of groundwater impacted by stormwater containing toxic heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn). Such research material was selected due to its widespread use as an aggregate in road construction. Furthermore, silica spongolite was compared with activated carbon, which is commonly used in permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology. The column experiments were carried...

The chemical composition was assessed and the trends of spatial and temporal variability of river water quality in the Tuzlov and Seversky Donets basins which are main waterways of the Eastern Donbas (the west of the Rostov region, Russian Federation) were identified. River waters have a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction, are saturated with oxygen, and are characterized by high sulfate content and high mineralization (up to 6.8 g /dm3). Based on the results of the comprehensive assessment, the water quality of...

Fractal geometry in recent years became an useful tool used in many scientific fields. One of the directions of development of that tool was also an attempt as using it for describing the morphology and granulometry of solid phase contained in various suspensions. The solid phase can come from different sources, such as municipal process (e.g. water treatment) or industrial process (e.g. metallurgy/steel industry or mineral processing). Suspensions on which one can come across in industry tend to be grainy and the...

It is rather difficult to apply thermodynamic simulation in the forecast of heavy metals migration in aquatic ecosystems due to the fact that the composition of bottom sediments in reservoirs is very changeable and uncertain. An alternative approach is proposed for solving similar problems based on the use of empirical information on heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments. This type of information can be obtained using sequential extraction scheme (for example Tessier scheme). Based on these data, effective th...

The use of magnetic susceptibility data in order to determine the lithology of river and lakes deposits has become an efficient and rapid method of analyzing sedimentary material. This paper aims to achieve both a more accurate determination of sediment lithology based on the study of the magnetic susceptibility of the cores extracted from the bottom of the rivers, as well as the rate of deposition. The sediment lithology and the deposition rate represent the most important information for the characterization of ...

Speciation of heavy metals in bottom sediments defines their ecotoxicity and mobility and therefore needs to be studied thoroughly. Usually single and sequential extraction techniques are used to determine water-soluble, exchangeable, specifically sorbed and carbonates, bound to organic matter, bound to Fe and Mn hydroxides and residual forms. Bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky reservoir (the Upper Volga, the Central region of Russia) were chosen for the research. Lithological and mineral composition of sample...

An increasing frequency and magnitude of flash floods motivates water managers and other authorities to focus on enhancing flood protection of small headwater watersheds, which are especially vulnerable to this type of flooding. One of the ways how to achieve this goal is to increase the volume of existing small water reservoirs (SWR) dedicated to store flood wave. This paper investigates the possibilities of utilizing a SWR Vrbovce (west of Slovakia), which is currently being used for water supply and fishery, in...

The paper presents a proposal for validation of a numerical model of a sedimentation process with use of a flow system. The essence of the proposed solution is to verify the numerical model using quantitative data, expressed by the flow rate and concentration of the suspension at the input and output of the device, as well as the qualitative data describing their granulometric composition. The analysis was carried out using a laboratory settler, as a sedimentation device, in which, during the purification process ...

The upper part of the Tatarstan Republic section is complexed by sedimentary of multi facies complexes of Middle Upper Permian, Mesozoic and Pliocene-Quaternary rocks. The surface and ground water are characterized by a wide variability in composition, mineralization, water hardness and other parameters. These variations are determined by a complex of natural and technogenic factors. The most important natural factor is interaction of the atmospheric precipitation and their derivates with soils and rocks of the se...

This study presents the evolution of residual chlorine concentration in the water distribution network for a town with 10 000 inhabitants. The distribution system consists of a tank, pump station, 41 loops, 175 junctions and 166 pipes. The paper presents also a methodology for computing the residual chlorine concentration decay in water distribution system, over a 7 days period of time. Chlorine is injected at the tank, with a constant concentration of 0.5 mg/l. A variable water demand over a 168 hours period is i...

Given an example watershed, calculation of the long-term average annual soil loss by the universal soil loss equation (USLE) is analyzed taking into amount the Slovak and Polish approaches. Six factors are considered the rainfall erosivity factor (R), the soil erodibility factor (K), the topographic factors (LS) and the cropping management factors (C and P). Differences in input and methodology are highlighted. The example micro-watershed (the Matny stream basin in the Beskid Wyspowy, the western Carpath, Poland) ...

The biggest river in the Kosovo area is White Drin. Last 60-ty years, in Kosovo, three state power has been changed, therefore we have observation of hydro-meteorological data, of three stages. Those data are not complete. There are two serious water resources master plans, of year 1983 and of 2008, but both have used data of period 1952-1986. The idea of this article, is to complete, calibrate and to validate existing data, of daily average flows, until today, in order to study water regime of White Drin river, f...

The basic stage of the modern approach to calculation of a wind wave climate (long-term probability) includes the database formation using numerical hydrodynamic models. The input to such models is atmospheric pressure or wind velocity at some height over sea surface. This information extracted from the reanalysis data. Initially reanalysis intended for research of global processes without description of the extreme phenomena. For this reason, for calculations of a wave climate the reanalysis data have to be corre...

The article represents the results of a multi-year (1995-2011) monitoring of wind waves in the northwestern part of the Black Sea. The author gives a clear-cut presentation of the regime and extreme characteristics of wind waves of the northwestern shelf of the Black Sea. The measurements were carried out on a stationary offshore platform Golitsino-4, located 50 km from the shore. A twisted resistive wave gage with a sampling resolution of 4 Hz and the possibility of registering wave heights up to 10 m was used to...