Browse

This paper presents the development and experimental validation of an intelligent variable-structure control system for optimizing industrial ventilation in ATEX (ATmospheres EXplosibles) environments. Current ventilation solutions, based on continuous maximum-flow operation, consume 15 to 40 percent of total industrial hall energy and remain largely reactive to hazardous atmosphere formation. The proposed system integrates Model Predictive Control (MPC) with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms and a spatia...

The monitoring of open-pit slope stability is critical for safety, economic, and environmental reasons. The comprehensive approach to monitoring has been analyzed, addressing safety, economic, technological, ecological, legislative, and social responsibility aspects, ultimately contributing to sustainable mining practices. Various methods and technologies for monitoring slope stability have been determined as essential. Visual inspections are useful, but they depend on the qualifications of the observer and may ov...

The paper presents the results of investigation of the process of leaching of scandium from chloride wastes generated in titanium production to optimize the parameters of extraction into solution. The effects of key factors, including solid-to-liquid ratio (S:L), hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration, process duration, stirring speed and the influence of temperature on the degree of scandium extraction into solution were studied. Experimental results indicate that optimal conditions for maximum extraction are: S:L...

In this study, the extraction efficiency of rhenium ions in the form of perrhenate (ReO4?) from model aqueous solutions was investigated using a binary ion-exchange system based on KU-2-8 (strongly acidic cation-exchange resin) and AV-17-8 (strongly basic anion-exchange resin). The ion exchangers were separately weighed and combined in varying molar ratios (6:0, 5:1, 4:2, 3:3, 2:4, 1:5, and 0:6), and were immobilized within a chemically resistant polypropylene mesh bag to maintain phase separation while allowing s...

The growing demand for refractory rare metals, such as niobium, necessitates the development of efficient extraction methods from alternative sources, including industrial waste from metallurgical plants enriched with niobium and zirconium. This study investigates the solvent extraction of niobium from a fluoride-sulfuric acid solution obtained by leaching rare-metal-containing waste from titanium-magnesium production. The efficiency of niobium recovery using a trialkyl phosphine oxide-based extractant (Cyanex 923...

The processing of titanium-zirconium concentrates with high chromium content presents a significant challenge due to the inhibitory effect of chromium on industrial applications. This study investigates the composition of titanium-containing concentrate from the Obukhovskoye deposit using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and thermogravimetric analysis. The findings indicate that chromium is uniformly distributed in both magnetic and non-magnetic fractions, complicating its selective removal by co...

As part of the experimental studies carried out in the Department of Civil, Environmental Engineering and Architecture of the University of Cagliari, to identify the best techniques for recovering of combustible materials, contained in the waste resulting from the dismantling of the anodes of spent electrolytic cells used in the production of primary aluminium, to be concentrated by flotation, work was first carried out to reduce the size of the waste, in order to give it a particle size that would allow it to be ...

This paper presents the results of laboratory processing tests conducted to explore the potential for beneficiation of a wollastonite mineral (calcium metasilicate, CaSiO3). The ore studied comes from a mineralized body located in the southern part of Sardinia (Italy), which has been studied in the past with geological surveys and sampling. In the investigated area the mineralization was very irregular. The encasing rocks consist of schist and the mineralized body is composed of wollastonite associated with limest...

Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) is a promising material whose structure is obtained by isothermal processing, i.e. isothermal decomposition of austenite in the bainitic range. It is used in various industrial fields. It is characterized by an excellent combination of tensile strength and ductility, exceeding the properties of quenched and tempered steels in the strength range of 800 - 1500 MPa. Its production is problematic because the ferritic or ferritic-pearlitic ductile iron (SGI), which is the basis for the pr...

Cast iron GG30 (EN-GJL-300C) has excellent mechanical properties and good machinability. It can be used in many industries such as hydraulics, engineering, automotive, oil and gas mining, and processing. It is suitable for the production of compressor and pump components. Return material, technological residue, iron scrap, fractional cast iron, liquid metal, and alloying components can be used as input raw materials in the production of cast iron, the first three were taken into account in the analysis. In practic...

The use of a total station for carrying out high-precision work on the alignment of the stands of a continuous casting machine is an urgent task that directly affects the quality of steel. Modern devices such as laser trackers are used to carry out such work, but their use is limited due to the high cost of equipment, the need for knowledge and experience with such equipment. The use of classical techniques and equipment is subject to a huge influence of the human factor, thereby reducing the quality of work. Simi...

In the paper are reported the results of the first stage of tests performed to verify the possibility of beneficiation of a wollastonite mineral (calcium metasilicate, CaSiO3). The studied ore comes from a mineralized body located in the southern part of Sardinia (Italy), in the area named "Gutturu Is Abis". The mineralized body is composed of wollastonite associated with limestone, garnets and silica. The approach to the problem has consisted of grinding tests followed by flotation tests to separate the wollaston...

Currently, one of the main tasks of every employer is to ensure a safe and healthy working environment for every employee. In a global case, it should not only be a legal act, but especially a moral act. The modern policy of each employer should therefore be set in such a way as to continuously improve the occupational safety of employees. This continuous improvement can be achieved in particular through continuous periodic inspections and audits carried out by independent occupational safety staff. This chapter d...

ADI (Austempered Ductile Iron) - a bainitic ductile iron in which the resulting structure is obtained by the isothermal decay of austenite in the bainite region is currently a very promising material, which has a very wide application in various industries. It is characterized by a particularly favorable combination of strength and ductility, which exceeds the properties of heat-treated steels in the strength range of 800 - 1500 MPa. Its production is problematic because the ferritic or ferritic-pearlitic SGI (sph...

Landfill and dump remediation and waste recovery are often needed as circular economy approach is more and more demanding. Complicated solutions are needed to conserve the landfill space as well as overall reduction of the amount of landfilled material is not an easy task because of the different content of contaminants. Primitive soil excavating and transporting to hazardous waste landfills is not the best solution anymore. Series of experiments using landfill mined fine fraction of waste considering complex form...

The East Kazakhstan territory is the unique geologic province where a number of largescale non-ferrous and gold deposits are concentrated. Gold base metals (goldcontaining) type is represented by gold containing sulphide complex deposits. The Western Kalba zone is characterized as a gold-bearing structure of multi-stage development and long ore-preparation and ore-forming processes. At the first stage, in the conditions of the intercontinental sea basin (C1-2, C2), the donor carbon-terrigenous formation (Arkalyk, ...

As part of the studies aimed at the individuation of the best techniques for the beneficiation of a mineral of wollastonite, coming from an Italian deposit, the problem of the optimization of the milling step was also considered, since the industrial use of wollastonite usually involves a preventive fine grinding. Therefore, in order to evaluate the grindability characteristics of this mineral, in consideration of the lack of data available in literature, we proceeded to the determination of its Bond index through...

In this study, the authors have continued investigating the tasks of the joint application of the Gauss-Laplasse and B (beta) distributions to describe the disintegration of minerals of poly-mineral ores, which is associated with the mineral grains liberation, i.e., the release of mono-mineral particles from the aggregates with other minerals. The article presents an approach for a simulation modeling algorithm for disintegration operations of mineral particles in technological flowsheets of mineral processing. Us...

The work is aimed at creating methodological provisions to substantiate the safe parameters of the thermal regime in permafrost rocks when constructing underground mine excavations in the Arctic region. An idea is to control the thermal regime by creating mathematical models, taking into account the main technological operations during excavations driving. The paper presents the results of experimental studies and evaluates the thermal impact of various technological processes during the construction of mine excav...

Historical ore exploitations generated mining waste with useful metal content, near Baia Mare, Romania. Central Flotation Pond (CFP) represents a secondary resource, but also a risk factor of pollution for the environment: groundwater, surface water, soil, air. CFP was inventoried by the Permanent Secretariat of the International Commission for the Protection of Danube River (ICPDR) as high risks spot in Romania with immediate effects on Somes-Tisa sub-basin, due to the content of dangerous substances: cyanide, he...

In this paper is presented a study conducted to verify the possibility of using a prototype of fluid energy mill, based on the opposing jets principle, for the reduction to ultrafine size of a beneficiated coal, intended for energy production. The original counterflow jet mill used operate in closed circuit with a cyclone type separating chamber, producing fine powders with a definite top size. Many processing plants routinely use jet mills in the final stages of mineral treatment for the production of high qualit...

The most important result of the effect of interparticle interactions of ferromagnetic particles in suspensions is the formation of aggregates and modification of their physical properties, which allows changing the kinetics of separation processes. The interest of the authors to this problem is dictated by both its theoretical content and purely applied aspects within mineral processing. Based on the block-structural approach to technological equipment modeling within the framework of the ideal mixing model, a ma...

Apatite ore is a source of phosphorus for the mineral fertilizers production, and one of the most demanded raw materials for today. The growth of processed raw materials increases the volume of stockpiled processing waste. Such secondary mineral deposits are of interest as a potential object to be involved into processing. The paper studies apatite-nepheline processing waste stored in tailing dumps during different temporal periods. The authors have performed a mineralogical and chemical analysis of stored waste s...

Oxyethylated compounds are used as reagents-regulators in the flotation of non-sulfide ores, in particular, apatite ores. Thus, the necessary degree of selectivity in the flotation separation of two calcium minerals of apatite and calcite is achieved only by using, in addition to a collector, regulators-reagents from the nonylphenol ethoxylates class. In order to establish the most optimal structures, this paper presents a comparative assessment of the physical-chemical and flotation properties of several classes ...

The physical and chemical properties of fine sock filter dusts have been studied. It has been demonstrated that a part of the titanium is bound in hard-to-open anosovite that can be enclosed in a shell of amorphous silicon dioxide. Anosovite can be attributed to the phase that is radiographically characterized as the system Fe = Mn - TiO. It is noted that some of the anosovite particles are in a shell of silicon and zinc oxides, and a part is in a shell of silicon, zinc, and lead oxides. The silicate base of the e...

Bioleaching of sulfide minerals has been successfully applied worldwide for obtaining copper for decades. This technology provides about 5% of world copper production and is used as an alternative for pyrometallurgical processing of copper ores. Despite widespread of biohydrometallurgical technologies, there are a number of issues in this area, which impede the development and commercialization of bioleaching. For example, chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), the most abundant copper sulfide mineral, is refractory to biooxidati...

A large number of precious metals such as molybdenum, gold, uranium and much more are obtained from sulfide ores. Currently, a large number of hydrometallurgical methods are used to extract precious metals, which in turn are outdated in this field. In this regard, it is necessary to develop new modern methods for extracting all valuable components from sulfide ores. One of these methods is the process of bio-leaching with the use of microorganisms. The use of this method in mining companies will help reduce the ri...

The paper considers the formation and development of modern ideas in the field of mathematical modeling of the interaction of ferromagnetic particles and external magnetic fields in mineral processing. The implementation of such studies is dictated by the need to identify methods for the analytical representation of the physical laws of the aggregation of ferromagnetic particles, which are a basis for the various technological equipment used in the iron ores processing. The identification is aimed at the use of in...

This work studied the problem of the joint use of Gauss - Laplace and B (beta) distributions to describe the disintegration of minerals of polymineral ores, which is associated with the liberation of mineral grains - the release of monomineral particles from intergrowths with other minerals. The basic position of the work is the dependence of the result of reducing the size of mineral particles on the energy expended on this process, postulated in the mineral processing theory. This dependence was taken into accou...

The paper presents the results of mineralogical and technological research of tailings produced during processing of rare-metal columbite ore of the prospective Zashikhinskoe deposit. The grain size analysis of a tailings sample showed that the most part of the material is represented by fine-grained particles with 53.3% yield of size fraction -0.045 mm. Mineral composition of the tailings is mainly represented by quartz, albite and microcline. Total content of minor minerals, such as muscovite, columbite, cryolit...

A promising source of Rare-Earth Metals (REM) is the mine refuses of Obukhov deposit?s zircon concentrate, which contain 3.53% of the sum of REM oxides. Chlorination is an effective method for transferring metals from crude ore to chlorides convenient for subsequent separation, purification and production of marketable products. The advantage of such method is absence of sewage and discharge of harmful substances into the atmosphere, which is an effective measure for environmental protection. The paper performs a ...

It was experimentally shown that using liquid nitrogen and a radioactive source, radon can be concentrated to high levels. A simple device has been proposed, that allows pre-concentration of radon at liquid nitrogen temperature. The essence of the device is based on the transformation of gaseous radon into a liquid. It is known that liquid nitrogen has a boiling point (-195,75) ??, and gaseous radon turns into liquid at (-62) ??, and at (-70) ?? turns into a solid state. Thus, the low temperature of liquid nitroge...

In paper describes the geological structure and mineral associations of the Ural emerald mines (Middle Urals, Russia) as the main source of high-quality chrysoberyl and its rare variety, alexandrite. The purpose of work is to identify the crystal chemical characteristics and nature of the color of natural chrysoberyl and alexandrite, as well as to study the comparative crystal chemical characteristics with their synthetic analogs. Samples for research were chrysoberyl and alexandrite from mica carrying rocks and p...

The current demand of some specific metals (alloys) in the HiTech industry has pushed researchers to increase the number of investigations to improve the quality of products on the market. Generally, coltan is a byproduct of tin metallurgy and is collected in the slag. The formation of phases in the slag needs to be investigated in order to optimize the collection of coltan in specific phases by trying different ratios in fluxes. Also, cassiterite is associated with iron ores and during smelting the iron get reduc...

In the early 80-ies near the village of Shantobe, Akmola region, a heap leaching manufactory was built. Since 1985, the manufactory processes productive solutions, and the commercial product of the manufactory is a regenerate containing up to 40.0 g / l of uranium. This product is processed at the mining and smelting factory (SMCC) in the city of Stepnogorsk to produce U3O8 uranium oxide. The share of heap leaching accounts for 25.0% of uranium according to control No. 1. But, in connection with the difficulty of ...

To obtain a chromite concentrate with an acceptable silica content, it is very promising to apply the method of hydrochemical enrichment, which will make it possible to develop waste-free technology for leaching chromite ores and reduce the silica content in chromite concentrates. Before hydrochemical processing, it is advisable to apply the technology of gravity concentration. Modern gravity enrichment technologies make it possible to efficiently produce chromium concentrates from large and medium fractions of ch...

Processing of weathered material from UG2 ore for recovery of Platinum group minerals (PGMs) is a challenging task due to poor recoveries and high chromite grade in the flotation concentrates. The flotation behaviour of the weathered and non-weathered ores of Middle Group 4 (MG 4) was investigated at different mining pit depths using sodium isobutyl xanthate as a collector, Sendep 30D as depressant and Senfroth 200 as a frother. The milling tests work were conducted prior to flotation. The results depicted that, t...

To date, titanium and magnesium production is based on chlorine technology, which, for all its merits, is characterized by a high level of formation of industrial products and waste. In particular, ?Ust-Kamenogorsk Titanium and Magnesium Plant? JSC annually produces 30?35 thousand tons of solid chloride wastes, which contain 700?1400 tons of titanium oxide. Part of titanium chloride waste is leached with water and neutralized with calcium hydroxide to pH 7-8.5. The resulting pulp pumps are pumped into sludge colle...

The paper presents the results of studying the technological properties of vein quartz Girvas occurrence. The mineralogical and chemical composition of the technological samples are analyzed. The distribution and composition of mineral impurities, gas-liquid inclusions in quartz are studied. When developing a deep beneficiation scheme, quartz grain sizes were selected based on the experience of enrichment of vein quartz, the size and composition of mineral impurities. Enriched quartz concentrate with a particle si...

Mineralogical and geochemical features of ores played an important role in typification of gold mineralization of the Verkhneamginskiy area, which includes the Khatyrkhay and Khokhoy ore fields. Association of elements is represented by Au, Ag, Cu, Bi in the Khatyrkhay ore field. The mineral composition of ores - pyrite, hematite, chalcopyrite, tellurobismuthite, less common - native gold, galena, sphalerite, bornite, greenockite, hessite, tennantite, bournonite. Supergene minerals are goethite, hydrogoethite, cov...

During High Carbon Ferromanganese production as well as other reduction processes, the chemical composition of the feed plays a crucial role on the quality of the products. It is believed that the reduction from high manganese oxides to their lower oxides during HCFeMn production, the transitional phases that form in the prereduction zone and reduction zone are very influential on the coke-bed zone behavior. Data on acidic manganese ores use are available. However, on the basic manganese ores especially the South ...

Investigations on coke-bed relations with acidic manganese ores have been reported number of times. The correlation between the mineralogy, property, reactivity of the ore and the products during the production of high carbon ferromanganese have been reported. A theoretical study has proven that the energy consumption of different basic South African manganese ores were very dependent on the chemical composition of the feed. This has a direct impact on the phases that form in the prereduction, reduction and conseq...

It has been observed that during high carbon ferromanganese using South African ores, some practices do not find an easy answer from the theory and vice-versa. It has therefore become important to study under different reducing conditions what paths does the slag go through while forming during reduction in order to better understand its formation while higher manganese oxides are being reduced. The carbon monoxide gas amount and availability in a specific zone albeit its origin is influential and explanatory towa...

The article presents research on kinetics of sinter reduction used as a charge in the process of simultaneous smelting of zinc and lead, commonly known as Imperial Smelting Process. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of reductivity of various sinters produced from sulphide raw materials and from waste oxides on the operation of a shaft furnace. Real sinter samples from the sinter plant operating at the ISF furnace were collected for the experiment. The experiment was carried out in a resistance furna...

The treatment of model solutions containing Fe(II), Mn(II) and Ce(III) salts in the range of metal ions concentrations of 20-500 mg/dm3 was carried out at the laboratory set of water purification by low-temperature plasma discharge during the registration of changes in the Red-Ox potential and pH of solutions, the ions concentration and the emission discharge spectrum. The ions concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The characteristic of discharge was measured with the methods of emission sp...

The production of electricity and heat is based on a number of fuels, with fossil fuels being the most widely used fuels at present. Electricity is mainly produced by generating steam in boilers for the combustion of sorted fuel and feeding it to the turbine that drives the generator. Combustion plants are operated on demand and energy demand, either as large utility plants or as industrial combustion plants providing power in the form of electricity, mechanical energy, steam or heat for industrial production proc...

Steel industry has a huge impact on the environment and the air, in particular, producing thousands of tons of gases, including blast furnace gas, gases from oxygen converter processes, coke industry gases, ferroalloy industry gases. Due to this fact, the removal of gas impurities is essential nowadays. In this paper we did the literary analysis of how to remove sulfur impurities from air emissions using different types of sorbing agents. This paper contains the researches about sorption of impurities using zeolit...

AkzoNobel?s (now Nouryon) reagents from the class of alkylhydroxamic acids were assessed as collectors to float the titanium-based perovskite minerals. Hydroxamic acids can form strong complex compounds of various structures with transiting metals, which leads to their widespread use not only in analytical chemistry, but also in mineral processing. In the series of reagents under study, in addition to the traditional octyl-hydroxamic acid, we considered hydroxamic acids obtained from natural raw materials and diff...

In technical literature many specialized scientific materials are available which treat the elimination of solids and oil from water injection, the newest approaches being oriented towards the process with low power consumption as with most modern facilities in order to improve the available technologies. For groundwater, the analyzes that are carried out are to determine the degree of pollution with liquid or gaseous petroleum products. The natural state of the underground water is influenced by the characteristi...

New efficient ways of processing mineral raw materials are one of the determinants of scientific and technological progress. In recent years, there has been a tendency to reduce the metal content and complicate the mineral composition of processed ore raw materials, and increase requirements for environmental protection. All this leads to a rise in the cost of mining and extraction of useful components. The ever-growing demand for metals leads to the need to use poor ore, deposits lying at great depths, dumps of m...