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An ecosystem cannot be fully and effectively described simply by simple mathematical rules. Sustainability is difficult to define or measure because it is inherently vague and complex. This paper presents a neuro-fuzzy model, which uses data from different parameters to monitor and assess a certain ecosystem. If classic mathematical methods cannot provide solutions of uncertain data and treating vague situations, a possible solution to represent these conditions may be the use of neuro-fuzzy approach. Therefore, a...

An important aspect of the management of territories is the possibility of constructing models describing the behavior of the territory (managed system), which predict the response to control action. The processes of territory management and organizational systems closely links with the concept of damages (risks). When we talk about geo-processing management, we use the concept of пїЅgeo-hazardsпїЅ. The work is devoted to the problems of applying the classical theories to new problems: the description of the behav...

Adsorption of p-nitrophenol from aqueous solution by combined membrane-adsorption technology was studied. Activated carbon samples were synthesized on the base of industrial by products (coal tar pitch) and biomass. Synthetic activated carbon synthesized from mixture of coal tar pitch and furfural by thermo-oxidation treatment with sulfuric acid at 200oC, and subsequent carbonization in nitrogen atmosphere at 600 oC, followed by hydro-carbonyzation at 800oC. Biomass based activated carbon was obtained by hydro-car...

Over the last decades, deep drilling technology expanded fast. Newly created progressive technologies improved quality of drilling work and speeded-up the drilling process. Currently, 75-80 % drilling methods used world-wide are traditional, while 20- 25 % are new techniques. Slovakia is a little behind this trend: our utilization ration shows 95-98 % traditional drilling methods, compared to only 2-5 % new ones. Together with development of new deep-well boring technologies, new types of drilling sets for deep dr...

The paper proves the conditions for the transition to a new paradigm for the development of the Russian oil and gas complex. At present time, the structure of the resources base of oil and gas in Russia is fundamentally changing. This creates important conditions for the directions of innovative development. In the 21st century, the main new objects for exploration and production of oil and gas fields are: shelf in the Arctic Ocean; new undeveloped areas (Eastern Siberia and the Far East), unconventional sources o...

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate of the Ni?de Fault zone, which passes through the city of Ni?de. The study area located in the south and eastern part of the Ni?de Province, and crops out different types of geological units from Paleozoic to Cenozoic in that vicinity. These units are, from old to young, metamorphic rocks, which is known as Ni?de Massif composed of GпїЅmпїЅ?ler, Kaleboynu, A??gedi?i formations, пїЅпїЅkap?l? granodiorite (Paleozoic to Mesozoic), K?z?lkaya Ignimbrite (Upper Miocene to...

Fibre formation is one of the key issues in plant biology. The walls of plant fibres consist of several layers with different structural organization, chemical composition and properties. The morphology of the secondary wall largely defines the physical and physicochemical properties of plants. In spite of the progress in knowledge and technical ability, various problems concerning fiber formation remain basically unsolved. The new data are obtained by visualization of birch Betula pubescens and spruce Picea abies...

The potentially toxic genus Pseudo-nitzschia H.Peragallo, 1900 is common for the phytoplankton community in the Bulgarian part of the Black Sea often proliferating to bloom densities. The highly similar morphological features hamper the precise species discrimination by light microscopy and an accurate identification requires the application of more sophisticated methods. In this study we used genus specific large subunits ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) primer pair in order to elucidate the species diversity within Pseu...

Climate change is one of the greatest global challenges of the 21st century and has manifested itself over the past few decades through extreme weather conditions, rising sea levels, and through oscillating temperatures and precipitation regimes. While temperature and precipitation data are available on a daily basis, precipitation data are more susceptible to measurement errors, have a lower spatial representation and are asymmetrically distributed. While previous studies on precipitation changes have predominant...

In this paper, we analyze almost ten years of continuous recordings (November 2007пїЅ April 2017) from 114 stations of the Romanian Seismic Network using the power spectral densities and their corresponding probability density functions (PSD PDF). For each vertical station component, we compute the statistical mode for noise levels from the PSD PDFs. The noise mode represents the highest probability noise level for a given station. We then construct the PSD PDF mode low-noise model for Romania (RONM) from the mini...

Great problem of mechanical hard rock mining is low durability of mining tools. In Department of Mining, Dressing and Transport Machines, AGH UST in Cracow new solutions of mining tools and their holders were developed. In paper, a special tool to replace traditional rotary pick (so called crown-shaped pick), new lubricated holder for rotary-tangential picks, asymmetrical disc cutters, results of laboratory, field and industrial tests were described. Crown-shaped pick has the same type of handle as standard soluti...

The paper refers to an experimental program aimed at evaluating the characteristics of masonry, with the objective of developing an innovative system for masonry, destined to be used for facades and envelopes. The purpose was to develop new masonry elements with good performance at thermal transmittance and good behavior at noise, fire and durability. Technical and economic feasibility of the masonry prototype systems was validated by experimental tests, according to European standards. The strategy for the develo...

The acceleration and deceleration periods during each race of a vertical transport installation may be considered as periods of transitional processes where kinematics and dynamic measures variations take place (acceleration, speed and forces) as well as some electric measures (actuating motorпїЅs current). Considering T as the duration of the process, for the minimisation of the installed power, the minimisation of the energy dissipated in the system is imposed during the transitional period: ? ? ? ? ? ? T 2 1 0 ...

The investigation of the fault tectonics in the Kovdor carbonatite intrusion (NW Russia) has resulted in the identification of a new brittle deformations type. It is formed due to the simultaneous turn of fissure planes at discrete angles around two orthogonal guiding lines (axes), where one is represented by a vertical massif symmetry axis (L1), and the other axis (L2) lies horizontally in the fracture plane. Nonetheless, the rotation along the both axes is codirectional, i.e., when moving counterclockwise around...

Asphaltites derive from petroleum origin. The combustion of asphaltites produces fly and bottom ashes that are characterized by a high content of valuable elements such as vanadium, nickel, molybdenum, uranium, thorium, sulfur and unburnt carbon [1]. This study presents the concentration and speciation of nickel in bottom ash of Milli (Sirnak), SE Anatolia in Turkey. Determination of total nickel in asphaltite bottom ash was performed in two stage microwave-acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma opt...

Nanoparticles of magnetic fluids are stabilized with various surfactants. Lignosulfonates are water-soluble byproducts of sulfite pulping process. The aim of our work is to estimate possibility of using nitrated lignosulfonates for stabilization of water-based magnetic fluid and determine optimal nitration conditions. Nitrolignosulfonates were synthesized by nitration of sodium lignosulfonates with nitric acid and the products without further purification were used for preparation of magnetic fluid. Magnetic nanop...

The work is devoted to the West Siberian sedimentary basin Bazhenov formation (or Bazhenov shale) пїЅ a unique oil-generating and oil-bearing geological formation. Bazhenov shale is an analog of the known shale oil deposits: Bakken, Eagle Ford and Monterrey (USA). Geological and geophysical exploration of bazhenites is an important problem today, which is connected with development of new methods and technologies of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs exploitation. The work is devoted to physical and chemical pr...

The article deals with the non-anthropocentric background in architecture design. The whole process of designing the experimental bird observatory - Duna - was used as the case study. This is a public bird observatory in the Bratislava agglomeration recreation area. When selecting the final concept, which continued with the stage of architectural study and the implementation project until project realization, an issue of quality arose, which should have been decisive for the design. The suppression of the establis...

This paper presents the dynamic investigations on the response of important building from Craiova, the University of Craiova. This building was affected by the major seismic motion from March 1977, 1986 and 1990. The processing of the data obtained through this investigation gives important conclusions on the influence of the major seismic movements of a specific type of structure. The main degradation of the structure was observed using noninvasive testing. This building with high importance was tested using dyna...

The relief, as genetic factor and пїЅsupportпїЅ on which the grassland areas are engrafted on, may be equally considered the major decisive element for vegetationпїЅs type, aspect and consistency, through altitude, slope and orientation. This study will highlight the influence exerted on grassland areas by relief factors, in mountain and sub-mountain regions, and subsequently it will determine the differentiated landscaping пїЅnormsпїЅ in concordance with the singularity of each analyzed sector. The grassland asse...

The flourishing of the family Orthidae (class Rhynchonellata, order Orthida) was happening in the first half of the Ordovician, the stage known in the literature as the Great Ordovician Diversification. The problem of the establishment of the Biodiversity centers is one of the dominant problems of modern Evolution Biogeography. At the present time, there are not common criterions for the determination of biodiversity's center in spite of the unanimous acknowledgement of the existence of local speciation's regions....

The Copenhagen process sets the basis for cooperation of European dedicated institutions and establishes a basis for defining the set of actions and attitudes for adopting the Vocational Education and Training methodology and implementing it into an individual formation. A set of priorities to be followed were established: European dimension of this approach; transparency, information and guidance; recognition of competences and qualifications; quality assurance. Implementation of Vocational Education and Training...

Compact fuel processors based on steam reforming process using natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and biogas have been developed for over a decade in order to offer the fuel gas (hydrogen) into the combined heat and power (CHP) fuel cell systems for cogeneration of electricity and heat. Numerical modelling of a steam reforming reactor described by fully coupled mass, energy and flow equations was developed in this paper by using the Finite Element Method (FEM) based Comsol Multiphysics software version 5.2...

The determination of a stone column resistance and deformation is often based on empirical correlations, in пїЅ situ tests and previous experiences in similar geological conditions. In last decade, the stone columns are also designed using a numerical modelling пїЅ usually by finite element method (FEM). The most important parameters of a stone column are the unit weight which corresponding to the relative density, effective angle of shears strength and deformation modulus. Last but not least properties of the ori...

The article deals with the geotechnical calculations of the interaction of reinforced concrete storage boxes with subsoil at different loading states. From the numerical method point of view, this problem is solved by deformation variant of the finite element method. Defined the load states take into account the gradual filling of storage boxes with low and intermediate radioactive waste and final coverage of the storage boxes. More detailed are analyzed the results of the numerical calculations of vertical displa...

The article deals with the problem of determination of zones induced by excavation of underground work in solid granitoid rocks using numerical modelling under the assumption of Hoek-Brown's failure condition and DiederichsпїЅs conceptual model of behaviour of the rock environment around the underground work. Three fundamental induced zones around the underground work are characterized - the High Damage Zone (HDZ), the Excavation Damage Zone (EDZ) and the Excavation Influence Zone (EIZ) and the possibilities of th...

The present step brings forward a series of calculation methods for the parameters of the anchored support, their number being therefore the expression of the difficulty when describing the phenomena which occur during the interactive cooperation between the anchors and the surrounding rock. The methods used the most by European mining are the analytical methods (the Bieniawski method, the self-supporting beam method and the method of the interaction between the massive rock пїЅ anchor пїЅ time) and the numerical ...

The theme of this article is analysis of the reinforced concrete arc bridge structure. This article is especially focused on Monier arc bridge. A typical load applied on bridges is moving load, but this type of structure is mainly loaded with surrounding ground mass. It is fact, that for thicker layer of soil mass upper the arc decreases influence of moving load and conversely. Information in the article are based on experience gained during completely reconstruction of particular structures. Span of the bridge is...

Productivity of geothermal reservoirs is often limited by capability of injection wells due to clogging of near-filter zone or increased viscosity of cooled waters. Especially for highly saline reservoirs, injection of cooled waters to water-bearing formation is often the only way of their disposal. In turn, this phenomena has little importance in case of low-mineralized waters. However, several water-treatment procedures can be used to recover valuable minerals, thus producing diluted water and salt concentrate. ...

Innovative aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology has proved its ability to remove organic pollutants and nutrients from wastewater treatment at the same efficiency, but at a lower costs than conventional biological process. This technology has been successfully applied in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) configuration. An experimental model bioreactor was designed for adapting the AGS technology to continuous flow conditions. This paper presents numerical results for hydrodynamics and air dispersion into bioreact...

Development of numerical methods allows on much more better examination of changes in foundation-soil interaction. However, there are still some areas which require more analysis and discussion, because results of simulations on are often divergent to the field tests. One of these problems is numerical modeling of displacement pile installation and proper consideration of its influence on surrounding soil. Application a simple FEM model can be not sufficient, by its limited application in changes of soil considera...

Most of researchers explain that shallow tunnels suffer higher damage compared to deep structures. Many numerical analyses were carried out in order to verify and compare the stresses, forces and bending moments acting on tunnel lining according with the seismic design. After tunnel modelling in MIDAS GTS NX to investigate the tunnel simulation in order to highlight the effect of static and dynamic load on the behaviour of tunnel lining for different cases and calculated the value of each mesh node based on 3D fin...

The paper presents numerical modelling results for ventilating a blind excavation, if there is a leakage into a failure zone. The leakage value of air seeping through the failure zone (binomial law of resistance) was estimated by a formula describing in-situ tests results at the Kola Peninsula mines. The blind excavation ventilation process was simulated based on a previously developed two-stage methodical approach: 1st stage пїЅ calculation of aerodynamics with applying a standard ?k ?? ? -turbulence model; 2nd s...

This study deal with numerical investigation of river sea interaction. River mouth modelling is one of the most complex problem in coastal engineering because of meteorological and oceanographic uncertainties. Although river-sea interaction has been complex problem, these areas have significant importance for human life such as dense population near this places, environmental importance, transportation etc. During the riverпїЅsea interaction numerical modelling just one defined or steady condition modelling is nev...

Linear programming problems are optimization problems where the objective function and constraints are all linear. Mathematica has a collection of algorithms for solving linear optimization problems with real variables, accessed via LinearProgramming, FindMinimum, FindMaximum, NMinimize, NMaximize, Minimize, and Maximize. LinearProgramming gives direct access to linear program- ming algorithms, provides the most flexibility for specifying the methods used, and is the most efficient for large-scale problems. FindMi...

Fruit juices are consumed worldwide, not only for their flavour, taste, and freshness, but also due to their beneficial health effects when are consumed regularly. Being relevant sources of vitamins, minerals and polyphenolic compounds many people are becoming aware of the importance of consuming them in their daily diet. The citrus juices, lemon, lime and grapefruit juice is the most appreciated and used because of its flavour and high content of vitamin C. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare som...

Frequent alternations of high and low temperatures and of rainy and dry weather, which were increasingly felt in recent decades have reduced harvests. Thus, the identification of varieties with genetic characteristics that provide a better adaptability presents a particular importance. Although a cultivar is known as the most important technological link in terms of production stability, the quantity and quality are influenced by the climatic conditions. Observations were conducted in the experimental fields of th...

In post-mining areas appearance of uncontrolled mining gas exhalations can be observed. Methane migrating through the strata, together with soil air may create explosive mixtures. Occurrences of mining gases are caused due to discontinuation of water pumping process in abandoned mines and fast rising and restoration of water table. However, itпїЅs not obvious, that all hydrocarbons in soil pores come from abandoned hard coal mines. Often in soil pores mixtures of microbial and thermogenic gases are observed. For i...

The goal of this article is to present the problem of sustainable, self-sufficient and off-the-grid buildings in cold climates. Living off-the-grid is a part of the drive for sustainable living, in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. Buildings that are self-sufficient and which are not a part of the traditional power generation infrastructure have, on average, a much smaller environmental footprint and produce much less carbon dioxide, relying on renewable energy sources and environmentally ...

The dynamic development of material and chemical engineering as well as physical analytical methods allows the use of new materials for the production of drilling muds. This is especially important because drilling works are conducted in increasingly difficult geological and technological conditions. The present analyses concentrate on the development and elaboration of recipes of drilling fluids with organophilic nanomaterials. One of the most frequently applied nanomaterials referred to in patents registered by ...

Today, as a result of the depletion of low- and medium-density oil deposits, the world faces the problem of increasing oil production by involving non-traditional, alternative sources of hydrocarbon raw materials, which include fuel shale. In the area of the Volga-Ural oil and gas province, tight shale hydrocarbons reserves are located in domanic sediments. Quantity and spatial distribution of organic matter of domanic species remains underinvestigated. Assessment of oil potential, generation of mobile hydrocarbon...

The subject of the study is architectural and space-planning structure of the buildings and residential complexes, methods for their adaptation perspective to the post-Olympic period. Sustainable and effective development requires taking into account the possible future use and the economic principles, methods and means of architectural formation for the buildings in residential part of the international sport activities centers. Formation principles of architecture, green design, accessible and energy saving plan...

The problem of a vortex pair motion under a free surface is considered. It is known (Barker S.J. & Crow S.?., 1977) that the vortices fly apart with respect to each other in the horizontal direction. The domain of computation will be on the half-plane with the symmetry condition on one of the vertical boundaries. Previously was received (Gushchin V.A. & Konshin V.N, 1992), that for the correct mathematical modeling of an unsteady thick layer of homogeneous incompressible liquid flow through an obstacle, it is nece...

Eco-grammar systems represent grammar systems which were motivated by the behaviour of ecosystems. They were introduced in 1994 in order to describe evolving environment and community of agents together with the interplay among them. Positioned eco-grammar systems (PEG systems, for short) were introduced in our previous paper as a variant of the eco-grammar systems. Motivation for introducing the PEG systems and its main difference from the original eco-grammar systems is that we focus on the embodiment of the age...

Design of a structure together with monitoring the structural response to dynamic loads (seismic and hydrodynamic), fatigue aging, the possibility of successive degradation, resilience respective vulnerability are strongly influenced by the chosen calculus model, and a laborious probabilistic calculation. For particular case of offshore structures this implies the connection between the actions of the environment: wave histograms, wind action, foundation collapse, structure, technological activities and so on. Als...

The article presents the materials of long-term research conducted from 2004, in the mouth area of the Northern Dvina River. The program of researches included determination of concentrations of mercury in the water, covering about 150 km of the river length. We also analyzed such parameters of water as pH, Eh, oxygen content, salinity. A long observation period allowed us to trace the peculiarities of the changes of mercury content in water, which was the aim of the present work. Previously the authors determined...

The Danube Delta dynamics formation and expansion represent the motivation of the study included in this paper. The results of soil studies made possible to develop the Danube Delta genesis maps [7]. That informationпїЅs are the input data and the validation data for the numerical flow studies of the Danube River. The study of the formation of new territories has been developed by the Computational Fluid Dynamics (C.F.D.) method. There were modelled in three dimensions the maps for Danube River Basin flowing into ...

Simulation modeling methods allow researchers to create models of complex systems. And it still remains a scientific field. Our purpose is to implement simulation models in training, but as a destination also to business пїЅ to actually use autonomous applications as support systems decision-making in the tourism industry. This paper considers some opportunities of the system for simulation modelling GPSS World Personal Version for creation and applying simulation models in the training managers in the hotel busin...

This paper reviews a developed technology of mining steeply dipping mineral occurrences by steeply inclined sublayers, taking into account spatial position of sublayers relative to ore shoot. Parameters of phase and steeply inclined sublayers, till reaching final open pit depth, have been justified during studies. An order of steeply inclined layers formation on frontal open pit edges is determined depending on location of mineral resources on footwall and hanging wall. A new method of reactivation of a non-operat...

The study focuses on saving energy in the process of drinking water distribution in the rural area. The hydraulic model of the water distribution network that supplies Dulcesti village, Constanta County, Romania, developed in EPANET is the basis to performing a thorough analyse of the hydraulic systemпїЅs operation. The standard hourly water demand is taken into account. The network is a branched one, widen on a large area so that the ratio is about 10m of pipe per inhabitant. The difference in junction elevation ...