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Authors present some factors influencing the values of sandy soils shear strength parameters, obtained by direct shear test (DST) in another paper for the conference. In mentioned paper, the influences of density, shear area changing and number of specimens on the test result of clayey sand (SC) and sand with some fines (S-F) are analysed. In this paper, authors present how various values of soils shear strength parameters obtained by DST will influence the size of spread foundation placed in those soils. In the p...

All Kosovo mines have undergone the different declines and degradations in transition period. Some of the underground mines have also undergone the flooding under water as a result first of the war in Kosova, because of the damage of dewatering system, the lack of investments and disorganisation of mine’s management, undefinition of the ownership status of mines, the interference of peoples interest, the ownership status, the resource of no one without any care at all, th e transfer from the monist system to the...

The new lab facility at the Ge ological Institute of the Bu lgarian Academy of Sciences was set up in the end of 2009. The main equipment consist a state of the art PerkinElmer ELAN DRC-e ICP-MS and New Wave Research UP-193FX excimer laser ablation system. Combined together, it is a precise instrument for geochemical research and geochronology. One of the leading research topics is quantitative determination of trace and ultra trace elements in rocks together w ith their age dating clar ification. We report our fi...

The submitted paper describes th e issues of interdeposit sa nd collector in the central part of the Most Basin in the area of J. Sverma and Vrsany open pit mines. Interdeposit sands are hydrogeologically significant collector and both mines come into contact with this collector during the coal mining. Collector of interdeposit sands is deposited between the upper bench and the main bench of coal seam. Sands create large and powerful complex of irregular layers. There are frequent changes of thickness and permeabi...

Dinarido-Albanido-Hellenic folded alpine belt is interpreted as a result of Mesozoic - Cenozoic convergence and continental collision of a series of micro-blocks localized between the Eurasian and African plates. The ophiolites of the Balkan Peninsula are particularly formed in the ocean basins wh ich were divided by micro-continents during the Mesozoic period and they are products of the Mesozoic - Cenozoic obduction. The Vardar Ophiolites from the region of Gjilan are covered by a chaotic sequence, well stratifi...

The main aim of the work is theoretical and experimental research of nanocomposite systems formation process on the model of chromium electrolytic coatings, ascertainment of laws and mechanis ms of silicon dioxide nano-sized particles influence on the structure and properties of metal. We researched the process of electrolytic formation of chrome - silicon dioxide nanocomposite systems and nanostructured composite electrolytic coatings with silicon dioxide (3-50 nm) used as a dispersed phase. Methods of the resear...

In the present circumstances, where environm ental problems are on the rise and occupy the agenda of the societies in the different ways, education is on the suggested solutions to these problems. The addition of the environment as subject to the educational programs, applications and processes is very important in every phase of awareness of the environment. The aim being such, nowadays countries include environment consciousness contents in their syllabus th e efforts of the new generations being informed about ...

The paper provides an analysis of long-term field studies in the Sea of Azov. The sea is rich in organic life and is characterized as one of the most bioproductive reservoirs in the world. During the periods of calm weathe r the stratification of water mass forms the fields of hypoxia in some areas of the sea. In the bottom layers of water pockets of hydrogen sulfide and elevated concentrations of methane and mercury are found. Mercury coming from both natural and anthropogenic sources is a priority pollutant for ...

The objective of mine closure is to prev ent or minimize long-term environmental damage, and to create a self-sustaining natural ecosystem or other land use based on an agreed set of objectives. The Romanian mine closure legislation s hould be enforced in the coming years for taking best follow up actions and management of post mining closure. The mine closure is a process which should begi ns during the pre-feasibility phase of a project and continues through operations to lease relinquishment. The closure of min...

Crude oil composition is very complex and can vary even within in every reservoir. Petroleum crude oil content varies according to light, the ratio of hydrocarbon classes, the content of compounds with oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur and the presence or absence of components.Such oils have been classified according to the amount of paraffin, the percentage of sulfur in the fuel freezing point. This material is inte nded to present the existing classifications andproperties near the Romanian Petroleum and ordering a ne...

The rural landscape is made up of agricultural landscape, completed by the land without an agricultural destination. It comprises three elements: the central area, the habitat made up of buildings related to the agri cultural exploitations, dwellings, artisan’s locations, deposits; rural lands that include both the uncultiv ated areas and the areas meant for different uses (agriculture, fore stry, pisciculture, t ourist and recreational purposes); the physical infrastructure (ways of communication). In this stud...

The main difficulty in choosing a preferential location of a number of possible sites is the fact that the environm ental impact generated by eac h site can not be easily quantified. When choosing such a location it mu st also be taken into consideration to minimize risks to public health, minimize environmental impact, maximize service levels to users, and minimize the usage co sts. In the “Timisoara” case, placing a Landfill Site was a thorny issue that was resolved quite difficultly.

In this study, the geotechnical properties of the 2nd Organized Industrial Region clays were investigated and the settlement analysis was made with Plaxis software. First of all, the geotechnical properties of the disturbed and undisturbed specimens taken from the 2nd Organized Industrial Region and its surroundings were determined with laboratory and field (SPT) tests accordi ng to criterion defined in TS 1900. For this purpose, there were drilled 18 bore wells with 40 m depth. The para meters that would be used ...

Contribution notifies of the variant solutions of the recovery of consequences of chemical uranium mining in the Czech Republic in the Straz pod Ralskem region. Remediation is realized by a state company DIAMO. In the chemical extraction period over four million tons of sulf uric acid and other chemical s were injected into the ground, whereas approximately 370 million cubic meters of groundwater were contaminated. Currently, the contaminated water is pumped from the underground to the surface and it leads to liqu...

S 7 300 is the most widely used series in PLC Industry. Using this PLC, the control of 1024 input /output may be done. In addition to this, using PLC system design is also possible. By peak output programming, comp lex factory projects and management can be fulfilled. Using PID control system whic h is one of the PLC controlling systems will be used to control AC motor speed. At the same time, the motor reactions will be tested by panel programming by changing PID values on computer screen. The purposes of the aut...

Efficient protection and construction of engine ering and other struct ures in seismically active areas is a series of contradictions, where an optimum solution must be found, which does not comprise a compromise at the expense of safety and security of the people, and which minimizes damage of property. Along with the increase of the needs for energy, the need for open pit mining production increases, which is related to the mass blasting with incr easing quantities of explosive, and nearing to the population cen...

Every cyclic geological phenomenon may sugge st a structural image of the geological time. The dynamic cycles with very long periods can characterize the whole geological time, but especially the Precambrian. The cy cles with periods between 4 and 26 Ma are useful for the temporal individualization of th e Phanerozoic and the cycles with a short periods are very representative for Cenozoic. But the Earth’s geological history also provides a good perspective over the cosmic time through a super-mega-cycle (~2.56 ...

The article deals with the utilization of electronic documentation and video presentation at the teaching on universities. The utilizatio n of the electronic study materials in PDF format with virtual interactive models enables to students not only better visualisation of the task which is being, but it enables to understand the problems and to obtain the geometrical data without their text or di mensional descriptions, too. Creation and utilization of DVD guides is the next step of the improvement of educ ational...

From working in the field, sheep herding, washing laundry in the river's whirlpool, ritual singing in the young forest, traditional dancing of the village , all the way to the office job, dry cleaning, disco, hip-hop and neighbor-hood slang, took only a few centuries time. The peasants’ time was well di vided: preparing weather calendars in the winter, working the fields or taking the sheep flock up the mountain in the spring, gathering the harvest and celebrating in the fall. No missed occasion for him, who tak...

Castings production from gray cast iron is 55% of castings production around the world. Cupola furnace is the most used melting furn ace for the cast iron production. There is a counter current heat excha nge during melting process in the cupola furnace. Gases proceed upwards and charge and coke downw ards where they are heated. During this process the emission creation. These emissions come from coke and metallic parts of the charge. Another sources of contamination are particles created by abrasion of charge on ...

This paper evaluates the usage of the Geographic Markup Language (GML) in Turkey and essential subjects of the interoperabi lity concept in Turk ey for the future. Geography Markup Language-GML was developed by Open GIS Consortium-OGC. OGC presented GML based upon the technology of Extensible Markup Language-XML developed by World Wide Web Consortium-W3C. It was planned to constitute a layer for land registry and cad astral data at studies of INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Info rmation in Europe) that adopted...

The present study has been carried out with the use of Remote Sensing techniques in combination with Geographical Information Systems/GIS for monitoring and protection of the environment, in the surroundings of mining areas, as well as for developing new techniques for searching for new Mn-ore deposits, in Drama area, Northern Greece. Various digital processing techniques were applied on LANDSAT-TM imagery. These techniques included differe nt methodologies, such as the “Principal Component Analysis” (PCA), вЂ...

The power plants produces hundreds tones of fly ashes yearly. From this amount is really used in the reason only 10 % with out the any treatment in the industrial production. The rest of this ashes are de posited on dumps and settling pits, that have many negative influence on the environment. Following the previous results from the extensive treatment research was proposed the waste less technology of the complex treatment and utilization of black coal fly ash. The final products of this technology are the produc...

In this study, geotechnical and mineralogical characteristics of 2nd Organized Industrial Region existing inside the boundaries of Konya Selçuklu Municipality were investigated with comprehensive field and laboratory tests. Th e investigation area formed with soft clay soils with gypsum consists of central-lake sediments. The strength and the compressibility characteristics of th e soil were defined w ith some correlations obtained by the laboratory and field test results. This aim, undisturbed and disturbed soil...

Thermophillous oak forests include considerable area of forest within Kosovo. Lie on altitude 300-1200 m. In the mountainous massifs where the greatest impact continental climate, these forests developed mainly in southern and southwestern expositions. These forests except the Central European plant species are rich with Mediterranean and Submediterranean species. These forests belong to the class Querco-Fagetea , to the ordo Quercetalia pubescentis and to the alliances: Ostryo-Carpinion orientalis , Quercion frai...

The article deals with the kinematics analys is of crank mechanism realized by three methods followed by comparison of achieved results. The crank mechanism is the most commonly used mechanism in practice; it is the part of the various machines and almost every car. It belongs to the fundamental mechanisms whereon the kinematic characteristics of mechanism are investigated by students on FMT TU KoЕЎice with seat in PreЕЎov within the scope of Technical mechanics lessons. Ar ticle hints as the utilization of suitab...

The aim of this paper is to show the possi bilities, how effective use GIS for modelling of mineral deposits, for example of brown coal deposit NovГЎky. The work results - seam base model and seam thickness model, ash content and heat value of coal presented in the ArcGIS are an example of a modern appr oach to the processing of geological data. The form of presentation offered by GIS allows much more efficient deposit data processing and provides greater op portunities for planning and optimization mining activit...

The process of alkaline hydrothermal activation (with NaOH) of fly ash from Bulgarian coal-burning thermo-power plant “Maritsa 3” has been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispe rsive X-Ray analyses. The stages of the zeolitization have been discusse d on the base of the obtained data for the morphology and composition of typical in dividual particles from th e zeolitized fly ash samples, synthesized at different trea tment duration. The influences of pre-treatment and post- tre...

According to the global movements in sustai nable development, European Parliament and Council amended Directive 76/769/EEC by Directive 2003/53/EC which prohibit, among other requirements, the marketing and use of cements and cement-containing preparations which, when hydrated, cont ain more than 0,0002 % of water-soluble hexavalent chromium, determined as percentage by mass of dry cement. This legislation is intended to minimize th e occurrence of chroma te-related allergic contact dermatitis arising from the us...

The national and international economic crisis has increased the interest in utilizing coal to produce electric or thermic energy, but that means also an increased pollution. According to the U.E. normative, Romani a’s environmental problems with the SO X, NOX, CO, CO 2 emissions from the th ermoelectric plants will be partially solved by 2012. However there will remain some important sources of pollution such as ash and breeze deposits, which have a negative impact upon the microclimate and upon all the environ...

In this article we tried to emphasize the impor tance of labor within the tourism, because the workforce occupation is among the most serious problems with which is facing the world today, regardless of the degree of development of the country, because, on one hand, the level, structures and efficien cy of workforce occupation reflects the macroeconomic performances, as well as and the capacity of economic system to capitalize the available resources, and on the other hand, the labor is the only measure of individ...

Praid salt deposit is one of the largest in Europe: the salt body has an elliptic shape, with diameters of 1.2 km and 1.4 km, the depth being extended until 2,700 m. The mining methods employed in time are various: be ll-shaped rooms, trapezoidal rooms. Nowadays, the small rooms and square pillars is employed, the method being described in the paper. At 120 m depth, the cure and treatment facility is located. The underground atmosphere is highly ionized and very eff ective in treating respiratory diseases. The Pra...

The Bor-Ulukışla Basin situated in the south-eastern part of the Tuz Gölü Basin, Central Anatolia, provide prominent example of lacu strine basins and varying assemblages of evaporite and detrital minerals. The evaporatic sedimentation formed in the central part of the basin as a shallow, saline lake syst em, where abundant ha lite and Ca-Na sulfate deposits. Sodium sulfates and also halite depos its have been explo ited from the recent salt-playa lakes in the basin. The evaporite s were deposited by related t...

With changes in Romania’s development strategy, as a result of accession in the European Union, but also with climate change increasingly affecting more lives in that increased upper and lower limits of temperat ure and precipitation, it was necessary to develop new asphalt recipes and to employ of conditions applying new screening criteria, to aggregates in accordance with these changes. Within this context, the present paper proposes a study that relates the distance transport of aggregates from the source are...

It is proposed to process gold mine man-made wastes through ultrasonic activation of source materials in water, then in an alkaline solution with subsequent cyanidation of gold-impregnated cakes, or direct cyan idation and sorption conditioning of gold multicomponent solutions with nano-structured anionite an av erage radius of pores of which is within 600-700 Зє that contains no more than 6-8% of strong-base groups. A preliminary withdrawal of elements accompanying gold ensures obtaining of good- quality target m...

The Chah Zard Ag–Au epithermal deposit is located within an a ndesitic to rhyolitic volcanic complex in central part of Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA), west– central Iran. The deposit is formed in breccia bodies dominantly hosted by rhyolite porphyries. Geological field relationships s how that epithermal mineralization occurred in close association with a phreatomagmatic fracturing event, being localized in breccia cements, and formed as disseminated sulfides in the matrix of the more permeable breccia...

The contribution shows the problems of unde rground coal gasification. Currently, this topic is timely, seeing that many coal deposits can not mine through traditional mining methods. Through underground gasification can be obtained from these deposits so- called synthetic gas - syngas, which can be conve rted into electricity or used in industry and households as fuel. Underground gasification technology has been verified in laboratory conditions for several experiments. Experiments differed fr om one by ways of ...

University accreditation is also an important mechanism for protecting the consumers of higher education, as well as an accountability factor to higher education providers. In Romania, the quality assura nce system has exercise d pressures towards the homogenization of hi gher education. By the nature of standards and quality indicators used, but also by his philosophy, quality a ssurance has encouraged higher education institutions to comply, both in content an d in the processes of relatively rigid institutional...

Within the lignite deposits located in the Oltenia coal basin, frequent sand bands are emerging, carriers of signifi cant aquiferous horizons and complexes. The geological pattern induces an important variation of hydro-geological conditions along the deposit’s spreading, which in turn gives difficulties in mining technology selection. Determining the problem’s solution involves th e versions ranking from the strongest to the weakest, in relation to all the criteri a. Both maximum and minimum criteria can exis...

Iran is a country with an area of 1,648,198 Km 2 in the Middle East. When it comes to sun, there are 300 days of pure high UV sunshine in 95% of the country. There is a triangular great desert from center to the East of Iran, which due to its position receives a large amount of solar energy. Because this area is enclosed by the high ridge Alburz Mountains in the North, the Zagros Mountains in the West and the Makran Mountains in the East, there is no climate variability and also its geographi cal and environmental...

Costs are present in many daily decisions they take managers from lower hierarchical levels, but especially importa nt for strategic decision taken at top management level. The very adoption of certain strategies fo r the enterprise is based on analytical considerations which require methods of ec onomic and financial evaluation of projects, methods that can not be imagined outside costs. Allocation of resources to the enterprise are based on estimated costs, just as they and replacement of assets. Computation of ...

Some compounds especially sulphur dioxide (SO2) is considered as typical indicators of the urban air quality. To inform decisions re garding, for instance, the protection of public health from elevated SO 2 levels in Balikesir, high-resolution maps are necessary. Therefore, the main objectives of this paper were to: (1) analyze th e spatial distribution of SO2 levels using geostatistical techniques; (2 ) incorporate this in formation in a GIS to produce accurate SO 2. Geostatistics provides useful technique to get...

The object of this study is to locate the zones of groundwater discharge into the eastern shores of the Dead Sea. To achieve this object the electrical conductivity-temperature with a depth method was used. This study show ed that the Dead Sea divides into two layers relating to the electrical conductivity and temperature with depth. The upper layer subdivided into two members. The upper member extends from the sea surface down to a depth of 15-25 m. The lower member extends from a depth of 15-25 m to 40 m and it ...

Geographical information systems (GIS) are commonly understood as information systems serving for effective saving, actualiz ing, manipulating, analyzing, modelling and presenting geographically oriented da ta. Treatment of geological information through GIS comes together with several problems. Right and effective analysis of complex system of surface and undersurface objects requires whole specific data gamut, which are typical for geological sphere. It is possible to solve questions connected with qualitative a...

The paper deals with measuring the magnetism of the metabolic products of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria that come from acid mine water accompanying mining and processing of mineral resources. The aim of the paper is to characterize the precipitates produced by the bacteria by m eans of magnetic quantities using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), which helps to identify th e magnetization of substances in dependence on the external magnetic field. The results are rela ted to the metabolic activity and...

A various range of remote sensors are currently available to help to explore a landscape and other natural components. The mainly part of this field is based on a small format aerial photographs (SFAP) taken from a small aircraft. The scienti fic benefit arises from the combination of knowledge achieved by conventional field work and the visual information gleaned from SFAP. In monitoring studies, temporal changes of forms and patterns give additional clues. The coupling of field data and interpretation of SFAP...

The foundry industry, itself, is one of the wo rldВґs first recyclers. Foundries have been making new metal objects by remelting old ones. An estimated 15 to 20 million tons of scrap metal that would otherwise be sent to overcrowded landfills are being remade into new castings each year. As with most industries, the foundry industry generates its own by-products. Typical by-product streams from the foundry indus try include foundry sand, foundry slag, baghouse dust, and furnace and ladle refractory. In order to co...

During the last decades an increase of the number of extreme natural events has been observed all over the world. Drought in Southeastern Europe is among the extreme events, which might have significant negativ e impacts on the socio-economic sectors. Drought in Bulgaria has been in details studied by many researchers, but being a problem of vital importance, is continuously considered with enhanced attention. 50- years time series of precipitation, collected from 20 weather stations located at the Maritsa and Tun...