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The Don River Delta represent a single hydrographic system, the development of which is characterized by the spatial-temporal variability. The functional role of the individual delta channels and their participation in the distribution of the river flow are different due to significantly different morphological characteristics and stages of development. In turn, this is reflected in the peculiarities of hydrological and hydrochemical processes. In this regard, within the delta the intensity of migration of chemica...

The need for this study arises from the importance of integrated assessment of mineral resources and improvement of metasomatic formation techniques. This is especially important for geological materials which are mined for their direct commercial value (industrial materials). This article is devoted to the study of the ore control of complex industrial minerals. The Khizovaara structure belongs to the Tikshozero greenstone belt. Within the structure, a multistage metamorphism and metasomatism processes are manife...

The monolithic pattern of rocks from two large intrusive massifs in the Fennoscandian Shield is assessed by analyzing their macro- and microfracturing. Macro- and microfracturing was analyzed on rapakivi granites from the Neoproterozoic Salmi multi-phase massif and gabbrodolerite from the Paleoproterozoic Ropruchei sill. Macrofracturing was studied on bedrock exposures in the field. Macrofracturing is understood as a fracture which is visible within the rock exposure and which varies in size from 10 cm to 100 m. M...

The use of electrical energy in potentially explosive atmospheres involves various particularities, fact for which there have been raised a lot of issues concerning the design, construction and exploitation of electrical equipment and installations intended to be used in these atmospheres. This paper presents the explosion protection principles implemented for the type of protection encapsulation ?m? which are based on the adoption of certain separations between the encapsulated circuits and the other circuits, by...

The way of measurement of dynamics of growth of leaves of a tree from the beginning of blooming of kidneys until the end of the vegetative period includes such actions. The chosen leaf do not cut off, and mark with a label in the form of the label with number on the white thread adhered to the base by the petiole. Each sheet is measured. Therefore the way of measurement is individual, and revealing of laws - group on not less than 10 leaves allocated for surfaces of a crone of a tree with one light exposure. At th...

The article presents the methodology of conducting experiments related to the process of composting under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, a set consisting of eight fully metered reactors imitating the composting process under real conditions was built. In the insulated chambers, bayonet thermometers were placed, air coolers, condensate tanks and drains were installed. During composting experiments with daily measurements, the composition of gases coming from individual reactors is examined, i.e. CO2, NH3,...

The article presents the possibilities of modern use of historical mining excavations in geotourism and industrial tourism on the examples of selected post-mining structures in Poland. Issues related to the subject matter of historic structures, such as relics of former mining works and the significance of post-mining structures as a specific type of tourist products were discussed. The methodology was proposed for making post-mining structures available for tourism purposes, including analysis of particular condi...

The article discusses well-known methods and algorithms of joint processing of geoelectric and seismoacoustic signals, which have the possibility of practical implementation for geodynamic and geotechnical media monitoring in real time. One of these methods is the solution of the equation describing the probed geological environment, which is under the joint action of the electrical signal and the components of the seismic wave. This allows us to isolate and localize parts of the analyzed medium with different inh...

Usually, the methods for noise abatement selected in the action planning for a city are prioritize according with the implementation costs or they are secondary effects of the other measures, which has a totally different scopes. Besides the costs, another effectiveness indicator is used: the number of people benefiting from the noise reduction. The issue of the approach is the fact that this indicator is global and nobody can deduct precisely the location of the persons that benefit of measures. In this way, the ...

In this paper we presented the calculation algorithms and the software for the calculation of the moving average with various windows, for calculating the analytical expressions of the polynomial tendencies of various degrees and for the calculation of the correlation factor variation between two parameters. Trend analysis is part of the field of regression analysis that satisfies the smallest squares criterion. The difference between the calculated value of the trend surface at a certain point and the value obser...

The article analyzes the electricity needs of the University Politehnica of Bucharest campus, consisting of 10 faculty buildings and 18 students? accommodation buildings. This work establishes the maximum power consumption and proposes a solution through a micro smart grid with a photovoltaic power plant. The solutions proposed aim to increase the efficiency of the energy consumption. This objective is the basis of a project proposal with European funds, under preparation, in order to implement the solution propos...

X reservoir is a high temperature (97 ?), high salinity (TDS 204600 mg/L, divalent cation 11480.34 mg/L), middle-low permeability sandstone reservoir located in Tarim Basin (China). Serious vertical and lateral heterogeneity of formations resulted in the injection water channeling from higher permeability pathways. The harsh conditions make it difficult to further improve oil recovery. This paper provides a micro-scale preformed particle gels (micro-PPG)/surfactant EOR process for X reservoir. The micro-PPG with a...

The study was conducted to find out how the structure and diversity of microbiomes in buried soils differ from those in surface soils, and can analysis of microbial DNA from buried soils be used as a tool for paleoecological reconstructions. Samples were taken from buried soils under earthworks (burial mounds or earth fortifications) of different age, and from surface soils of the same area. Total DNA was extracted, and bacterial, archaeal and fungal abundance (by ribosomal genes qPCR) and prokaryotic biome struct...

In the East of the Russian plate oil-gas occurrences in Bashkortostan, Perm region and Udmurtia were revealed in the Vendian-Riphean sedimentary deposits. Industrial oil inflows have been obtained in a number of areas. Possible perspective intervals are associated with great depths, in particular, with the deposits of the lower Riphean. The deposits of the Lower Riphean in the territory of Bashkortostan were discovered on the Eastern-Askinskaya area. The results of a study of the material composition of rocks show...

The crystalline basement of the Tatar arch located in the eastern part of the East European Platform (Russia) is composed of the metamorphic rocks of different composition and genesis. The Tatar arch consists of two blocks of the basement. The North Tatar and the South Tatar blocks are separated by a faults system. The South Tatar arch is a granite-gneiss core of the basement. It is composed of Archaean-Proterozoic metamorphic complexes of rocks (granite-gneisses, gneisses, migmatites and granulite-gneisses). The ...

Medvezhye gas field is the oldest known one in Western Siberia and unique because of its values. At the present time most of Cenomanian deposits are exhausted. Senonian sediments, which are such nontraditional reservoirs as clayey opokas, opoka-like clays and opokas, are considered as a source of resource potential compensation. Objects of the study are 34 core samples taken from two drill holes and belonging to the lower part of Berezovskaya suite. Geochemical and mineralogical features of the rocks were studied ...

The paper presents the results of the research of ore mineralization in quartz, quartz-sulfide, quartz-carbonate-barite, carbonate-barite veins of Dyvok ore occurence. The object of the research is located in the South-East of The Sakha Republic (Yakutia) and is a part of the Stanovoy gold-bearing region. The gold mineralization was found out to belong to gold-quartz-sulfide type, to relate to the stock of Cretaceous granite-porphyry and to be located in the K-feldspar-quartz metasomatites, beresitization and arki...

The Kuznetsk Alatau ridge represents a NW segment of the Altai-Sayan folded belt (ASFB) and is considered as a Caledonian collisional system. The ophiolites from the northern slope of this ridge are the most representative fragments of suboceanic crust. This work presents the results of a study of the mineralogical composition of metabasites from ophiolite paragenesis of the Severnaya, Zelenaya, Barkhatnaya mountains and Semenovsky massif. The samples from the gabbroid and subvolcanic complexes were selected and s...

Synthesis gas for an electrochemical generator was produced in a thermochemical reactor with autothermal air conversion of methane (natural gas). Based on thermal balances of the reactor, a battery of SOFCs and a boiler-utilizer (BU) for heating primary and secondary air, cathodic air and methane, the following parameters were calculated: temperature at the anode, EMF of the fuel cell, electrical efficiency (gross) of the electrochemical generator, portion of hydrogen oxidized at the SOFC?s anode and specific cons...

The aim of the project is to determine the optimum geometry and different kinds of nozzles location on the drilling tools face. The optimum geometry and its proper arrangement will allow the maximum use of specific mechanical energy drilling through its reduction and minimizing pressure losses to overcome flow resistance in the nozzles of a drill bit. In their previous work, the authors showed that hydraulic power is a very important aspect, affecting the loss of pressure at the bottom of a borehole. It has been s...

The goal of this project was to create a detailed model of the Aral Sea sedimentary cycles. Modern methods of image processing and wavelet analysis were used to reveal the nature of lamination and determine the average and interval sedimentation rates. The results obtained were then compared with those from the radiocarbon dating. The images used in this project are photographs of core (sediment) samples taken with hollow plastic tubes. The samples were removed from the tubes by cutting them in half lengthwise, an...

Lately, high penetration of intermittent renewable energy sources into power systems requires, besides efficient technologies employment, developing adequate control strategies to improve their performance. Given that their operation flexibility is constrained by short timeframe of foresight, energy storage systems represent an attractive solution that can mitigate the natural variability of renewable power plants electricity output, providing therefore enhanced quality of supply. The nonlinearity and uncertainty ...

Granular sludge aerobic technology (AGS) has been extensively studied in recent years because of its advantages compared to activated sludge technology. Currently, this technology is implemented in SBR (sequential batch bioreactor) configuration. An experimental model bioreactor was designed for adapting the AGS technology to continuous flow conditions. It consists of a rectangular shape bioreactor, an area for pre-settling and recycling of granules, followed by a settling tank. This configuration is more suitable...

The anaerobic fermentation of biomass in methane-tank during the biogas production is considered. The process of individual bubbles lifting upwards and its simultaneous interaction with solid particles with mixing of the nascent substrate is analyzed. The forces acting on the bubble are given and a differential equation is developed that characterizes the biogas bubble movement in the organic mass substrate. The mathematical dependence of the flooding rate of the biogas bubble is developed and an example of solvin...

Hillslopes comprise the greater part of the landscape and as an integral part of drainage basins; they provide water and sediment to water courses. Also, hillslopes are frequently used in agriculture. Soil erosion caused by water is a natural phenomenon, but the negative effects are accentuated by human interventions in the landscape. Soil erosion and nutrient loss are detrimental to agricultural products, food security, and the sustainability of ecosystem functioning. In recent decades, the increased using of che...

The article presents a way of identifying and modeling sound features in an urbanized environment. The subject of article is focused on the problem of noise pollution modeling coming from moving technical objects, i.e. vehicles that are potential sources of noise. In this case, the vehicles are treated as multi-source acoustic energy emission objects. The proposed approach assumes the occurrence of variable relations in the system: source-path propagation-receiver. In the presented method the information carrier i...

At the age of an increasing demand for energy we reach to an ever wider range of substances giving a possibility of its generation. A constant need for energy supplies is so strong that we are not prevented by the danger related to the storage or transport of such substances. Although we try to eliminate any risks, even a small human error may contribute to a tragedy. In the case of substantial and sudden depressurization it is impossible to conduct in situ tests at a large scale. An attempt at conducting an in si...

The finite-difference method is used to compute small local deformation of the rock slope instability Alpe di Roscioro, Switzerland. This retrogressively unstable mass failed multiply, with last large catastrophic event in 2012, when approximately 210 000 cubic meters of rock had collapsed towards Preonzo village. The remaining mass has been studied and monitored by passive seismic methods and exhibits strong directional spectral amplification. One of the monitoring seismometer detects many micro-deformations and ...

The flow of gases through porous media is a common physical phenomenon occurring not only in the natural environment but also in a number of technical applications, including the industry. The flow of gases through rock porous media takes place during exploitation of numerous energy resources ? not only during the excavation of hard coal (the flow of a gas mixture through goaf with caving) but also in the course of exploiting crude oil and natural gas (the flow through shale rocks). The issue of gases flowing thro...

The paper describes a mathematical model of the global crisis influencing the world economy. The model is based on four conceptual positions of modeling: the level of economic development of the global economy is estimated by the system of endogenous variables; there is the interdependence of endogenous variables; there is a process background for the endogenous variables; there are certain harbingers of the crisis determined for a specific endogenous index. The model is presented as a system of three interdepende...

The paper analyzes the use and production of modern lighting columns made of aluminum for street lighting. The modern process of manufacturing conical pipes by means of the box rolling method on a special laboratory mill built for this purpose is presented. The study performed the most important parameters for seamless conical aluminum tubes along the entire length of cylindrical tubes. It has been shown that the use of modern street LED lighting mounted on light cone-shaped lighting poles is cheaper, more ecologi...

Natural gas and oil have been unquestionably the most important energy resources in the world for years. Unfortunately, the occurrence of oil-based regions does not coincide with the main areas of oil and gas consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to transport hydrocarbons over very long distances. Sometimes thousands of kilometers. Laying pipelines is an extremely costly and logistically difficult engineering project. The basic methods of building gas pipelines include laying them in an open excavation. Sometime...

Major genetic concepts currently existing in geology are based on the hypothesis of the Earth?s cold homogeneous accretion put forth in the mid-20th century. The data obtained in the last decades are in conflict with these concepts. It has been found that compositions, isotope ages and formation temperatures of the crustal and mantle rocks are interrelated according to the laws of magmatic differentiation. This indicates that the rocks formed as a result of fractionation of the global magma ocean. Chemical disequi...

Geophysical exploration, the necessary part of oil and gas exploration, generates more and more data, subject of processing. The most powerful super computer clusters are used by business and academic institutions. However, often it is necessary to have evaluation of the measured data shortly after measurements, even in the field. Modern computer architectures, namely Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) and Field Programmable Gates Arrays (FPGAs) provide a good basis for PC-based fast data processing, to have, say, su...

The article presents a combination of modern methods regarding the problem of sedimentation processes. Suspensions are widely present starting from exploiting processes, through processing of natural resources, metal casting and processing, chemical engineering, problems of supplying drinkable water, and to sanitary engineering and technological processes of water preservation. Processing of suspensions using sedimentation is commonly used in previously mentioned disciplines. It is usually made by clarification, d...

The integration of a building into the environment can be achieved both from the architectural point of view and from the point of view of the used building materials, thus remarking material used since ancient times, namely wood. Wood is an organic, sustainable, environmentally friendly material that can reduce carbon dioxide emissions Due to the latest environmental protection requirements, economic issues related to construction costs and architectural diversity, it has been necessary to develop technologies re...

The paper is devoted to construction of the time efficient algorithm for solving the structural inverse gravimetry problem. The problem is in finding by known gravitational data multiple interfaces between layers with different constant densities. This problem is described by a nonlinear integral equation of the first kind; so, it is ill-posed. After discretization of the area and approximation of the integral operator, the problem is reduced to solving a system of nonlinear equations. An efficient method was cons...

In our article, we have focused on measuring the magnitude of adverse impacts caused by blasting in tunnels on surrounding areas. Disconnection of the rock massive during tunnel construction takes place due to the release of energy from the blast, which changes to the energy of the seismic waves and causes deformation of the rock massive integrity. Blasting works generate noise and seismic waves with changing maximum oscillation velocities and a wide spectrum of frequencies. The intensity of vibrations of the seis...

Air pollutants coming from human activities (anthropogenic) may be generated in the atmosphere at high concentrations and they are a potential problem due to their harmfulness to the environment as well as to the population. These high concentrations of atmospheric pollutants can have a significant impact through the formation of a transient local microclimate. Educational activities imply knowledge of this degree of pollution as well as its level through continuous monitoring over time. The monitoring was carried...

North of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the "rich" regions of the world in the number of finds of a woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) remains. Bones, and sometimes even frozen corpses of these fossil elephants are found here along the coasts, and on the banks of rivers and lakes where they thaw out from permafrost. The mammoths and other mammals of the Mammoth fauna remains are preserved up to present time due to cold climate and permafrost. And in some districts of Yakutia frozen Quaternary sedime...

The diversity of ecosystems in the mountainous regions is generally higher than in the lowland territories. In this regard, there is no exception to the Caucasus region. The central part of the Greater Caucasus Mountain System, which is located within the Republic of Georgia, consists of fiveadministrative units (Mestia, Lentekhi, Tsageri, Ambrolauri and Oni) and is 3 historic-ethnographic provinces (Svaneti, Lechkhumi, Racha). The study area is 8157 km 2 and the hypsometrically ranges from 315 m to 5203 m. Our re...

Twenty eight onshore mud volcanoes of the Kerch-Taman province were analysed to evaluate their current contribution to the trace-element budget of the landscape. The study area belongs to the Indol?Kuban Trough, where the anoxic marine mudrocks of the Maykop Formation were deposited in the Oligocene ? Early Miocene in the northern deep-water margin of the Parathetis ocean. The Maykopian Fm. mudrocks are main sources of solid matter for numerous mud volcanoes of the region. Mud masses (30 samples) and mud volcanic ...

The Oka carbonatite complex, one of the Cretaceous Monteregian Hills intrusions, consist of a wide range of silicate and carbonatite rocks (e.g. sovite, urtite, ijolite, jacupirangite, okaite). In the 60s, due to the abundance of pyrochlores and Nb-bearing perovskites, niobium mine (St. Lawrence Columbium mine) was developed and active until its closure in 1977, however significant amount of niobium minerals still remain at the deposit and surrounding dumps. Besides economic value as a niobium ore (and potentially...

The old Ervedosa mine (Northern Portugal) was intermittently exploited for tin by underground and open pit mining till 1969. The tailings were deposited on the ground. The mine was abandoned without any environmental remediation. Mineralization occur in quartz veins, and consists of cassiterite as the main ore mineral, and several sulphides (arsenopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and stannite), matildite, bismuthinite, native bismuth and other minerals. The present study aims to characterize th...

In-situ combustion process has been proven to be an effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method for heavy oils. However, until now, the in-situ combustion is still not widely used as steam injection is. The main reason that limits the wide application of in-situ combustion process is the unclear understanding of its complicated combustion and displacement process that is mainly controlled by the oxidation of crude oil. The complicated composition of crude oil makes it difficult to understand the oxidation mechani...

The article deals with the problem of restoring the disturbed balance in the system of ?man-society-nature?. As one of the factors the values of mythological consciousness are proposed. Myths and legends represent the experience of many generations of harmonic and healthy coexistence of man in nature. People became conscious of the environment through myths. The contradictions of man?s impact on the environment are investigated. All contradictions are based on technology and mismanagement of resources. Human impac...

The structure of the emptiness space of the oil reservoir rocks has been studied using high-resolution electron microscopy methods. Particular attention is paid to unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, among which argillites are finely divided. In them, the share of the nano-emptiness space is much higher than in typical carbonate and terrigenous reservoirs. The presence of a significant number of nano-cracks, which are either a continuation of micro-cracks, or independent of them, is established. A certain amoun...

The paper examines the results of field observations carried out on the Galician coasts of Spain hardly polluted in 2002 by fuel oil spilled from the sunken ?Prestige? tanker in order to determine the rates of the pollutant natural destruction and to consider their relationship with principal environmental factors. It is a part of a large-scale research being performed on geographically different oiled seacoasts in France, Spain and Russia. In Galicia, the observations were undertaken in October 2012, November 201...

Determining basaltic magma sources is easier than felsic magma sources. However, crustal contamination and crystal fractionations cloak important nature and source characteristic of the basaltic magma. To expose this privacy, it is necessary to use different spectroscopic methods to interpret the depth and origins of the intraplate basalts. In this study, Quaternary basalts have a huge outcrop in the southern region of Turkey has benefited from mineral compositions and the chemistry to reveal the origins of these ...

First indication of habitation on the site of the future Halmyris fortress dates back to early 6th century BC, when the region was inhabited by the Getae. The Roman fortress, constructed in 2nd century AD, was the easternmost one in the chain of fortifications built under Roman occupation along the Danubian border of the empire and was abandoned in 7th century AD after it lost its economic and strategic importance. The site is located on Murighiol-Dunav?? promontory 2.5 km east of Murighiol village at around 1.5 k...