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In Turkey, it is essential to use agricultural land efficiently by obtaining more harvests from unit area in order to afford the increasing population needs on food supply, generate higher revenue from agriculture, and develop country. In doing so, the key movement is the practice of land consolidation. Land consolidation studies, which started in 1961, have been mainly aimed at linking roads and irrigation networks by clustering amorphous, scattered, fragmented, and small agricultural lands. As gaining momentum i...

using GNSS methods. Polish legal regulations concerning the standards of topographic and altimetric surveys only obligate to perform control measurements on at least two points of a horizontal control, located within the distance not longer than 5 km from the surveyed points. Those control measurements should be performed before or during the session of GNSS surveys. Legal regulations in Poland do not specify other technical parameters of GNSS measurement, such as the required number of observed satellites, the pe...

Nowadays, the prices of the plots or the building sites grow and on the most they are defined as price per cubic meter. Although the fact, that the prices are growing extremely, areas in cadastre of real estates are not obligatory. The paper aims with the differences, which are resulting from the legislation and are focused on growing measurement precision necessity. The differences in the way of the break points measurement and better precision at all are applied on different plots. The paper is interested in rel...

The contribution deals with pipe conveyors, which currently provide great environmental and economic benefits. Construction of the pipe conveyor is developed from standard belt conveyors with one major distinction, which is forming of the conveyor belt into the pipe. Wrapping the belt into the pipe form prevent leakage of material under the conveyor path and contamination of the surroundings. Among the main advantages belongs, in addition to the environmental impact, the option to transport material in both belt s...

Transport means play an important role in extraction and processing of raw materials. Their use is economically connected with several cost items that significantly affect whole process efficiency. Generally costs associated with mining road haulage can be divided into two major categories of the variable and fixed costs. From above mentioned dividing is necessary to pay particular attention to variable costs, which are influenced by the size of individual transport activities. Among the most important items inclu...

Surveying methods are precursors of strong earthquakes and play a big role to study current movements of the earth's surface. For this reason, the prognostic geodynamic polygons have been set. Almaty geodynamic polygon (GDP) was created in the years between 1967 and 1971. The area is located in the zone of 5 deep faults and it refers to Almaty seismic areas with magnitude of 9. Since 1971 in Almaty geodynamic polygon have been hold about 52 cycles of high-precision leveling classes I and II. Leveling network consi...

Optimization of the measurements is an important theme nowadays of the geodesy and especially engineering geodesy. The optimization can be categorized into orders, from the zero to the third order. The zero order design is the coordinate system selection, the first order is the configuration optimization, the second order is the optimization of the number of the repetitions, the third order is the improvement of the existing network by adding point and/or observations. In the engineering surveying the second order...

In the process of geoid determination one of the most important problems is to determine the effect of topographic masses. Traditionally, solving that particular problem started with the reduction of gravity on the geoid and subsequent calculations the effects of the reduction on the value of the geoid undulations i.e. calculating the indirect effect of reduction. In this paper a model of the indirect effect of Helmert method of condensation over the territory of Serbia was shown. The model was created on the in 5...

When determining height differences by using trigonometric levelling method, some affecting values are present. Besides measuring imperfection due to instrumental imperfection and surveyorпїЅs errors, quality of the trigonometric levelling results also depends on following external affecting values: height difference between observed points, distance between observed points and temperature gradient (change of temperature with height) between observed points. Therefore, if the height difference is bigger, the influ...

Our paper presents the newest results of bathymetric measurements and underwater objects investigation on the fragment of Narew river between Granary and Modlin Fortress. The historical fortress and the Granary founded by the Polish Bank are both well-known historical places in Poland. Archaeologists and historians are still analyzing the history of these buildings. The main objective of the work was to elaborate a bathymetric map and a database of underwater objects. The necessary data for elaborations was collec...

Topographic and topoisostatic reductions of gravity field measurements are important in geodesy and geophysics. Reductions filter high frequencies from gravity which are then used in geoid modelling or investigations of the EarthпїЅs structure. Practical computations of reductions are performed using digital elevation/bathymetric models as input data and some approximation scheme of the EarthпїЅs structure. The main parameters describing the EarthпїЅs structure are crustal, mantle and water density, density contra...

Nowadays we see an increase in traffic intensity all around the world. The traffic infrastructure is extremely loaded by the traffic, which causes deformation of its parts. In addition to traffic load, significant is the effect of the weather conditions (wind, sunshine, temperature changes). All the mentioned effects cause changes in the spatial position and in the shape of the bridge structures. Due to these facts, geodetic monitoring is an integral part of bridge structures diagnosis and gives important informat...

Social housing management is an area of asset management within local government which is strongly dependent on legal and socio-economic system as well as public housing policy. In many countries housing systems are in transition towards privatization, deregulation and decentralization of public tasks. The transformations in institutional and economic context have lead to more market-oriented social housing management. They have not been an isolated process but a part of broader one termed New Public Management (N...

The paper presents a MEMS-INS/GPS data fusion algorithm based on an adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system for the prediction of the navigation solution errors during GPS outages. The study was performed during the second stage of a research project related to the structural design of a data fusion intelligent algorithm based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and Kalman filtering, for the prediction of the positioning errors during GPS signal outages. In this stage, the project research team targeted to r...

This study presents the role and significance of the land consolidation procedure in Poland, one of the six largest EU countries in terms of the surface area, and in Bulgaria. The consolidation traditions in Poland date back to the beginning of the last century and have been evolving along with dynamic social and technological changes. Currently, rural areas in Poland account for over 90% of the countryпїЅs area; therefore, it has been necessary for land consolidations to be transformed, over decades, into a multi...

Coworking (also called as пїЅoffice for hours") is a relatively new tool on Polish real estate lease market. This is a solution primarily for people predominately working at home who want to develop their business. The service consists of providing office space equipped with office furniture with internet access and other facilities. The idea of an office for hours is primarily dedicated for freelancers. That kind of solution gives a number of advantages, nevertheless appearing on real estate lease market in many ...

Modelling studies continue to play an important role. One of such study is stress determination in the reinforcement bars of reinforced columns and determine column's axis deformation. The article presents measurements results of control points located on the model of reinforced concrete column. The column was compressed in few series till it's destruction. In this studies, photogrammetric method and total station measurements were used. The main goal was to use photo points located around column with known coordi...

The results of research studies from deformation investigation of geotectonic recent movements in east Slovakia are presented. Satellite measurements were implemented in the geodetic network in the Kosice Basin. Transformation of the geodetic points coordinates from WGS-84 into the Slovak national positional coordinate and height system was carried out using Helmert seven-element transformation. The aim of the deformation measurements was determining geotectonic recent movements especially in the urban agglomerati...

Related to geodetic systems to take decisions in such a complex environment is not at all an easy task. To handle such a complex interdisciplinary approach several methods have been developed, using knowledge from different disciplines by considering several aspects and criteria. These can be very different one from another, some of them being of qualitative type, indeed hardly quantifiable. In this situation the question is which instruments could be used in order to support such a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysi...

Establishing absolute geographical location in underground spaces such as mining exploitations, caves, deep crevasses, or in deep open pits is a technically difficult problem. Modern techniques used for general outdoor environments cannot be used in subterranean environments. The performant Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO, BEIDOU are not available in underground spaces, due to the impossibility of propagation through soil and rock of radio waves at frequencies and transmit...

Paper describes the usage of fragmentation indexes in condition of Slovak Republic. The aim of this paper is to objectively evaluate the success of new territorial organization after land consolidation (LC) process. Four indexes of fragmentation are methodically evaluated (Shape - SI, Simmons - FI, Januszewski - K and Reduction index - RI) and endurance distance of one owner to its plots is determined in initial and new state. Thus established approaches are unique in Slovak conditions and mentioned parameters are...

At the moment in Romania there are a total of more than 7000 individuals and legal entities authorized by ANCPI (National Agency for Cadastre and Land Registration) for geodetic, photogrammetric, cartographic, cadastre and land registration works [4]. According to ANCPI standards there are regulated minimum technical conditions necessary for authorization including types and performances for geodetic and topographic equipments. At the national level the State Legal Office of Legal Metrology (BRML), which is in cha...

Inertial measuring system (IMS) is a self-contained navigation system which enables monitoring of 3D position and orientation of the navigated object in indoor environment. Determination of the position and orientation of an IMS is based on integration process, where the displacement and the change of the orientation are calculated from inertial measurements (acceleration and angular rate). The measurements of inertial sensors are influenced by systematic errors, which are accumulated in the integration process. A...

Mineral wealth as a source of energy and materials for the needs of the economy and development must be systematically verified, protected and exploited most effectively. The protection and economic management of mineral wealth is one of the basic duties of the state.The Slovak Republic has developed a relatively complex system of legal standards and regulations dealing with this issue. Given the size of the problem under consideration and the number of regulations, these legal adjustments need to be reconciled. A...

Geographic information is a huge volume of cartographic and geographic data, which is represented by the records, coordinates and attributes. According to the Handbook [2], geographic information is fractal with very simple geometric properties, is fuzzy, because it models a part of the physical world, is very dynamic, due to the rate of change, is unique and it contains errors. The most often medium, which displays geographic information is map, no matter if it is in analogue or digital form. The whole production...

Optimal shaping of the agricultural production area is one of the basic conditions that determines the profitability of production. Land divisions, made over the years, contribute to the fragmentation of farm land, reducing their profitability. Parameters on the basis of which an evaluation of the agricultural production area can be made are the elongation of the plot and its area. The methodology developed in the study allows evaluation of the land layout in the village on the basis of the proposed new index of c...

A methodology to obtain an intelligent miniaturized three-axial gyro detection unit is exposed in this paper. The presented mechanism is based on the on-line estimation and compensation of the sensors errors generated by the environmental temperature variation. Because these kind of errors are in a strongly nonlinear complex dependence of the values of environmental temperature and of the angular speed exciting the sensor on each of the three sensing axis, their correction may not be done off-line and requires an ...

Large rotary drum machines are often used in technological lines for continuous production. These are complex structures which during operation are exposed to stresses and deformations under the influence of temperature and stress. To determine the geometric parameters of such units in this paper we propose to use a total station. The basic idea of the method is remote real-time geodetic measurement of the machine parameters in the reflectorless mode. The task posed is solved by simultaneous measuring of the point...

?eskпїЅ st?edoho?пїЅ Mts. area has long been modeled by geological activities including landslides. Near the city T?ebenice there are several active landslides, one of them is exceptional because its long-term activity disrupts just two linear constructions, both road and a railroad. Therefore the landslide was intensively monitored in the past several years and is quite well mapped thus. The aim of this paper is a realization of special geodetic measurement suitable for the landslides monitoring. The system of me...

VRAGEO Project - Integrated Seismic Hazard Information Platform for Vrancea Zone Surveillance Through Advanced Geospatial and In-Situ Methodologies пїЅ have as main objective to enable free and open access to seismic hazard information in Romania due to Vrancea source in support of GMES (Global Monitoring of Environment and Security) through the development of an operational framework, a set of supporting tools and advanced geospatial surveillance methodologies of Vrancea tectonic active region. Information derive...

Geoid is an equipotential surface of EarthпїЅs gravity field, which partially coincides with the mean sea level and extended inside continents. In the gravimetric geoid determination; global geopotential models (GGMs), digital elevation models and terrestrial gravity observations are combined in a proposed technique (e.g. Remove-Compute-Restore). The external Earth's gravity field is represented by a GGM that consists of the globally and homogeneously distributed terrestrial and satellite gravity measurements. Cur...

The purpose of this paper is the time tracking behaviour of hydrotechnical structures by establishing basic displacements to basic slice and previous vertical slice, processing these measurements and draw conclusions on the behaviour of the analyzed works. As a case study was elected the Vidraru dam located in Arges County, being one of the most important dams in Romania. The Vidraru dam, built on the Arges River, is an "arch" dam with double curvature, being the highest concrete dam in Romania. The storage lake f...

This paper has been written in conjunction with a public contract for the restoration of the partially lost and destroyed building documentation of the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary at Hlu?пїЅn-Darkovi?ky in the territory of the Czech Republic, the contracting authority of which was the Roman Catholic Church. The requirement was the complete provision of measurement in the field and the collection of data, their subsequent processing and the interpretation of the results with the subsequent developme...

Free geodetic networks are networks of points which absolute coordinates are not known, but only their relative position in relation to each other. This network is invariant to translation and rotation, and possibly a change in the scale. Degrees of freedom of this type of network cause singularity of the normal equations coefficient matrix N, therefore the use of general inverse is required, and the most commonly used is Moore-Penrose inverse or pseudoinverse. This paper presents available commercial software whi...

The paper presents deformation of the housing and shaft reinforcement surveyed within the telemetry deformation monitoring system. Research was taken in the Salt Mine Wieliczka Museum, one of the most popular monuments in Poland, placed in 1978 on the original UNESCO list of the World Heritage Sites. Water leaking into Ko?ciuszko shaft posed a serious threat to museum and forced authorities to seal the housing with Jet-grouting method. Due to boreholes which were designed very close to the shaft, the material inje...

The paper deals with the determination of accuracy and precision of distance measurement on the reflective foil, which is rotated under different angles to the sight line of the device. The problem with the rotation of reflective foil appears especially on large construction sites, where improper rotation complicate determination of temporary stations and setting-out of given points. At the Department of Special Geodesy Faculty of Civil Engineering CTU in Prague was proposed testing procedure to find limits of rot...

The paper presents a prediction algorithm for the low rate GPS data in order to fuse them with the high rate Inertial Navigation System (INS) data; a major shortcoming in the integration process of the two navigation systems is due to the significant difference in theirs data rates in the reading processes. The algorithm is based on a smart mechanism based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) concept, and includes an adaptive network of fuzzy inference systems. Under the form of a five layer feed-forw...

The nature of the soilпїЅs foundation bears a major influence on the time behavior of a building. Geotechnical studies are chosen based on the appropriate constructive methods for the terrain situation. There are however, cases where, even if the constructive solutions are adopted accordingly with the conclusions of prior studies, due to an inadequate approach in the achieving process of these studies, there are deformations that occur in the structure of the constructions, that affect their exploitation process o...

The scope of benefits of land consolidation is wide пїЅ there can be indicated spatial, agricultural, socio-economic, landscape and environmental effects of the process. As a result of the process there can be noticed significant structural changes in rural areas. Land consolidation process enables to improve the inadequate spatial structure of farms, remove the adverse effects of land fragmentation and improve agricultural productivity. The assessment of the land fragmentation reduction requires reliable measurem...

This work presents improvement of land subsidence monitoring obtained by combining results of Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B data processing. In presented work DInSAR (Differential Interferometry SAR) technique was used. Results of DInSAR technique provide information about values of vertical deformation of the surface. Using this technique the areas endangered by subsidence phenomenon can be identified and appropriate steps in order to save the infrastructure, buildings, roads, and also human life can be taken. The ...

Dynamic social development results in growing demands for sustainable human activities. Implementation of the sustainable development ideas should be also applied in designing and development of commercial sites. The sustainable construction industry should improve the quality of operations performed by users of such facilities. It should also influence the level of satisfaction of their users and generate benefits for them and for the local society within the area where such facilities have been located. The pape...

The main problem in applying existing geomechanical software suits is the fact that the process of developing the starting geological and structural model of a deposit is extremely complex, which is due to lack of automation in collecting separate data on initial geological and geomechanical conditions. The purpose of this research is to develop a software suite for detecting zones potentially prone to rock bursts. The research methodology includes analyzing causes of mine destruction and identifying the most infl...

The theme of this project is the presentation of a model of drawing for civilian surface buildings, in order to start a series of major projects.The piece of land subjected to topographical measurements is situated in the western part of the extended urban area of Timisoara, Timis County. The beneficiary of this project is a multinational corporation situated in the city of Timisoara. As placement is concerned, the piece of land is situated in a rural area, close to the city.This work focuses on the study of topog...

This work was interdisciplinary, so the data provided by the measurements went into the Central Park rehabilitation project, providing graphical support for architects, structural engineers, plant engineers, specialists in landscaping. Baile Herculane is a famous Romanian resort which is located in the south - eastern county of Caras Severin, along the tectonic corridor Cerna Valley, which separates the Mehedinti Mountains from the Cerna-Godeanu Mountains. The Central Park related land is owned by the City Council...

Information in the public real estate management is very important. This affects, among others, rational decision-making. Lack of sufficient information may cause that the decisions that have been already taken will be considered as deficient. The scope of required information depends mainly on the stage of the process of real estate management and its purpose. Management processes are entwined with the geodetic service of real estate management. Therefore, there is always a change of information about the land in...

Transmission devices damages such as power lines, transmission pipelines, oil and gas transmission pipelines can be divided into those associated with their construction and the ones which result from their location on the property. Among the second group landscape damages are increasingly often mentioned. What is more, the methodological valuation of such damages is extremely difficult. That difficulty stems from the lack of legal and methodological regulations regarding the aforementioned issue. The valuation st...

Currently in many countries developments of simple 3D building models in cadastre are usually based on information concerning building outlines from a digital cadastral maps and on the number and the average height of floors registered in cadastre (so called пїЅ пїЅ3D Model General FloorпїЅ). If it is possible architectural projections of buildings and premises are used for development of such 3D models. In this variant so called пїЅ3D Model By FloorsпїЅ пїЅ created model must be connected with the state coordinat...

In this paper the properties of level surface of potential of gravity arising in the generalized problem of two centers are investigated. Interest in this research is related to the desire to use the opportunity of an analytical approximation of the EarthпїЅs potential through the potential arising when solving the generalized problem of two centers (intermediate EarthпїЅs potential) to modeling the Earth's surface. Further, for a such approximation the level surface of potential of gravity arising in the generali...

National wealth of a country is represented by land and existing buildings on its territory. At present, Romania, records of land and buildings is achieved through systematic cadastral works. The objective of systematic recording is the free registration of all properties situated in the extravilan, in the Integrated System of Cadastre and Land Registry. The technical works will be initiated by the Territorial Administrative Unit at the cadastral sector level. The ultimate goal of this work is represented by the p...

Importance of cadastral maps in today's society cannot be doubted. Maps are a key component of cadastral documentation пїЅ they provide geometric and positional determination of the property and are the basis for reconstruction пїЅ setting-out of a lot boundary. They increase the trustworthiness of cadastral data. The fact that cadastral maps are in vector form, does not guarantee their accuracy and quality. The user must be extremely cautious when a digital image of the map is interpreted. Article is knowledge ba...