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The growth in economy is reflected also in the rising demand for freight transportation. The freight railroad industry play an important role being a mainstay of transportation for basic industries. New projects are currently developed for increasing the capacity of transportation by rail from large coal and mineral basins to the places of consumption or within the processing plants. The combined heavy load and usage cycles imposes severe stresses on the components of the freight cars. To this purpose a comparativ...

The paper presents a new method of determining the energy consumption for vibratory crushing. Using the laboratory vibratory jaw crusher with kinematic actuation of the jaws, the study of determining power consumption while crushing limestone and diabase was conducted. During the study, electrical energy used on the crushing process was measured as a function of changing design and kinematic parameters of the vibratory crusher, i.e.: jaws stroke, the outlet gap size and frequency of jaws vibration. The article pre...

The granulation process is a common method of increasing the size of grains of the bulk materials. Doing so allows to create a relatively stable structures, among others to facilitate material transport and reducing generated dust. The granulation process, however, is quite complex one, especially due to the variety of materials undergoing granulation (for example energetic materials or fertilizers) and the sensitivity of the process input parameters. The article presents an innovative method for studying the gran...

Asphaltites derive from petroleum origin. The combustion of asphaltites produces fly and bottom ashes that are characterized by a high content of valuable elements such as vanadium, nickel, molybdenum, uranium, thorium, sulfur and unburnt carbon [1]. This study presents the concentration and speciation of nickel in bottom ash of Milli (Sirnak), SE Anatolia in Turkey. Determination of total nickel in asphaltite bottom ash was performed in two stage microwave-acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma opt...

Many low grade iron ore deposits which were previously ignored are being treated due to depletion of high grade iron ore deposits. Haematite flotation concentrate from a reverse flotation of fluorspar tailings was characterised and agglomerated using bentonite and coke. The effect of bentonite and coke concentrations on mechanical strength and metallurgical characteristics of the wet and baked pellets was investigated. It was found that the concentrate contained 60.5% Fe, 4.24% silica and other minor elements. Maj...

Natural and waste water clearing of cations of non-ferrous and heavy metals is an important problem of modern industry. Metals inflow into natural water occurs in various ways from natural leaching from rocks via industrial processing stage to natural water bodies and watercourses discharge. The most large-scale and significant way of non-ferrous and heavy metalsпїЅ cations hitting represents waste water of technological processes of metallurgical and mining and processing industry. The obtained results show that ...

The gold deposit in ZlatпїЅ Hory region has been known since the middle ages when the first mention about gold-washing and gold-mining had been appearing from the thirteenth century. Later on, the amount and quality of ores enabled also development of underground mining of gold but also mining of another ores such as Cu, Pb and Ag. The new age history started in 1965 on the deposit ZlatпїЅ Hory пїЅ south, when the mining was expanding to another localities as well. Termination of mining dates back to 1992. A waste...

Very fine crushing of hard and very hard materials, to product of particle size less than 2-4 mm at feed particle size of 50-200 mm, requires a very large energy inputs. This is mainly because of the need for at least three or even four degrees of crushing, containing: jaw, cone or impact crushers. One of the methods of reducing the amount of energy expended on the crushing process is reducing the number of crushers in technological line. By replacing a large number of less effective crushers with fewer machines b...

The search for prospective sources of rare earth metals (REM) is one of the most important problems of the EU economy. Currently, it is believed that the source of REM may be deposits of coals or by-products of their combustion. A particularly promising appear to be fly ash from the combustion of coal because of much higher concentration of REM than in the coal beds. These facts and the dependency of domestic power energy on coal was an impulse to undertake work to determine the feasibility of obtaining the REM fr...

In Poland information about landfills of power industry waste and the composition of waste deposited on them are largely dispersed. There is no data on the content of rare earth elements in ashes and slags. The article presents a developed information system allowing simultaneous access to a number of data on power industry waste landfills (location, technical and technological data) and data on the rare earth content in deposited ashes and slags. The article presents energy waste landfills (both historical and cu...

South Africa host massive deposits of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) in the Igneous Bushveld Complex. These deposits have been mined for a long time and in the process Mine sludge has been produced. It has been piled up and there is need to recover PGMs locked in it. The conventional way of processing PGMs has proved to be very difficult due to ultra-fines in the sludge that causes major loses during flotation. An alternative hydrometallurgical process for recovery of PGMs from a mine sludge by leaching using a mixt...

According to data reported in the EU report, critical raw materials include 20 raw materials, including rare earth heavy metals (Gd-Lu and Y) and rare earth light metals (La-Eu). Thus, rare earth metals include lanthanides of atomic number 58-71 and scandiums with atomic numbers Sc -21, Y -39 and La -57, respectively. Rare earth metals are used in many modern, innovative techniques such as optics, nuclear technology, production of permanent magnets that are part of discs for computers and automotive hybrid motors,...

The process of reduce smelting of antimony concentrate to produce a rough antimony in 800-1000 пїЅC are studied. The possibility of obtaining rough antimony by melting without slags and melting with slag-forming fluxes are shown. Analysis of feed and product recovery was performed by atomic absorption method on devices Perkin Elmer 240 FSAA, as well as the method to photocolorimetry on SPEKOL 2000. Thermal analysis was performed on derivatograph Q-1000/D system F. Paulik, J. Paulik and L. Erdey firm "IOM" (Budapes...

It is known that the medium-grade and low-grade iron ores before the direct use in metallurgical furnaces are almost always concentrated. For ore-grain release all run-of-mine ore is crushed and milled. The result of such operations is a finely ground concentrates, which are then subjected to clotting. Among the known methods of clotting of the wide-spread high-temperature methods - sintering and pelletizing followed by baking raw pellets. During these processes, there is a partial removal of detrimental impuritie...

The fractional composition of the chamber product of sulfide flotation was investigated. Grain size of the product varies from 0.2 to 0.05 mm. The characteristic of mineral composition showed that forsterite content is about 53%. The amount of other silicates (pyroxenes and garnets) is more than 20%. Two morphological generations of baddeleyite have been identified, it will be necessary to take into account physical and technological properties of the generations when developing technological solutions for gravita...

In our century and especially in recent decades the noise level reached an increasing width, becoming a polluting source of the same severity as chemical pollution. Increasing power and work speed of equipments has contributed to diversifying and increasing the number of noise sources and thus increased number of people exposed. Noise generating sources in technological procedures of processing may be of continuous nature (pneumatic energy production, water transport) or intermittent (systems for transporting mine...

It is recognized that the quarry activities are characterized by exposure to multiple health risks related to the production process and the Whole-Body-Vibration (WBV) is the most relevant between these. Particularly Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) mining vehicles are used to haul rock and other materials from the production point to crushing stations and / or in unloading points. The primary purpose of the present study is to evaluate health risks associated with the LHD operations of vehicles in quarry activities, highligh...

The basic purpose of magnetic separation is to separate the ferromagnetic elements from the magnetically inert component. In difficult conditions of mining activity, due to high costs of repair or replacement of damaged machine elements, prevention related to the correct operation of machinery and equipment of production lines is particularly important. Safety systems of feed material (electromagnetic separators) are designed for installation on construction of a conveyor belt to clean the transported material fro...

The Power Plant Rybnik (Elektrownia Rybnik) is one of many in Poland, which is coal-fired. Fly ash, as is well known, are combustion by-products, which are mineral residue from burning coal. Their phase composition depends mainly on the quality of fuel (coal) and combustion conditions. In the mineral composition of the examined ashes one has identified minerals such as: glaze, quartz, mullite, spinels, hematite, and unburnt coal. Spinels present in the fly ash can be a source of some metals, and due to the magneti...

Pyrite is one of the main rock-forming components for Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous black shale Bazhenov Formation. The correlation between pyrite and total organic carbon is found to be relatively high; however, some deficiencies of this hypothesis are discussed. Interlayers with high pyrite and low total carbon contents are encountered in the transition zone where the Bazhenov Fm. grades into Podachimov pack and into the underlying Georgiev Fm. The presence of pyrite in such layers is associated with the diage...

The article describes studies of the process of mineral raw refinement in dry, wet form and with addition of chemical reagents. Specific energy spent to refinement has been determined in the course of disintegration, as well as specific surface of particles before and after refinement has been measured. The values of refinement of inter-phase surface area of disintegrated mineral particles and values of specific surface energy have been calculated. With the help of performed studies one may obtain quantitative exp...

Coal bottom ash (CBA) contains many elements that exist in different forms, which may change throughout the coal combustion process. This study presents the concentration and speciation of zinc in bottom ash of coal. Determination of total zinc was performed by two-stage microwave-acid digestion followed by ICP-OES. A sequential extraction process to speciation of zinc from coal bottom ash was investigated [1]. The definition of species is based on several different levels of atomic and molecular structure where c...

The article presents results of using vibratory jaw crusher for feed preparing for the granulation process. The main aim of the study was to determine the possibility of preparing the limestone feed for non-pressurized granulation process by means of very fine crushing in the laboratory vibratory jaw crusher KW 40/1 with kinematic actuation of jaws. The crusher is characterized by high average degree of fragmentation (30-50). The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage included experiments with vibrator...

The article considers mineralogical and technological features of ferruginous quartzites in the Zaimandrovsky regionпїЅs deposits and tailings from the rough magnetic separation. A technology has been developed for the stadial separation of magnetite concentrate from the initial ore, including the ore preparation, magnetic separation, and also the joint use of fine screening and magnetic gravity separation. The increase in the efficiency of the gravitational cycle for the hematite concentrate production was achiev...

Nowadays, mining and metallurgical enterprises are necessarily involved in recovering of technogenic deposits generated by their operations. By doing so, they obtain additional mineral resources and improve the environment situation. Studies of the processability of pelletized slag from Kola MMC (Nikel town) have disclosed the possibility increases of extracting non-ferrous metals via electric pulse disintegration method and next processing classic flotation. This is a consequence of the specific physical mechanis...

Gold deposits in black shale type have huge reserves of hard-gold. The prevailing part of reserves of native gold is in carbonaceous terrigenous deposits in Russia. These deposits are represented by objects of various scales - from small to unique (In Russia пїЅ Olimpiada, Nezhdanin, Natalkin, May; in Uzbekistan пїЅ Muruntau, Kokpatas, Zarmitan, Daugyztau, Amantaitau; in Kazakhstan пїЅ Bakyrchik; in Tajikistan пїЅ Chore; in Kyrgyzstan пїЅ Kumtor; in the United States пїЅ Mather Lod; in Australia пїЅ Bendigo, Olymp...

This study is focused on the flotation of scheelite (CaWO4) ore with a sample from OchtinпїЅ, Slovakia. Scheelite as an important tungsten - bearing mineral is often nowadays treated mainly by froth flotation. Such a treatment of scheelite mineral includes crushing, grinding and sorting, followed by gravity separation which is a very significant process for obtaining marketable grade mineral concentrates. A significant step is flotation processing which is based on the difference in chemical and physical propertie...

The publication presents an assessment of the possibility of obtaining char from fly and fluidised ashes from coal combustion. It also presents the methodology of measuring the concentration of char in fly ashes as well as the method developed for separating char grains from fly ash samples. The research conducted has shown that both fly and fluidised ashes contain large quantities of unburnt coal grains, which can be used as a substitute in obtaining artificial graphite through the processes of graphitisation. Th...

To study the process of refining of crude antimony containing as hard-to-remove admixtures of lead and tin, thermal studies of model and experimental samples of antimony were carried out. As a refining reagent, a melt prepared from sodium dihydrogen phosphate and orthophosphoric acid was used. The results of the study showed that the lead oxide after the process of dehydration and dehydration of sodium phosphate salts at 760 пїЅC interacts with the decomposition product of the refining reagent to form stable phosp...

The use of closed water rotation in enterprises processing phosphorus-containing ores requires a long standing circulating water precipitation in the tailings storage. The paper studies possibility of treatment of industrial mineral processing waters from suspended particles and water-soluble impurities adversely affecting the flotation process with the help of reagents-flocculants. The characteristics of the dispersed and liquid phase of industrial waters formed during the processing of non-sulfide ores (for exam...

Biooxidation of sulphide minerals has become an important method for the pretreatment of refractory gold ores. More over, bioleaching of the mi nerals with thermophilic microorganisms is attracting increasing interest as a promising alternative process. In this study, the biooxidation of an arsenical refractory gold sulphide concentrate using extreme thermophiles is examined. The concentrate contained 100.84 g/t Au, 31.8% pyrite (FeS2), 10.9% arsenopyrite (FeAsS), 0.2% chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2), 37.3% quartz (SiO2) a...

The paper deals with decontamination of sediments polluted by persistent organic pollutants in the influent stream of Ce rny prikop in Ostrava, the Czech Republic. Flotation is used as the first stage treatme nt method when the individual contaminants accumulate in the flotation concentrate. C onsequently, bacterial leaching applying the bacteria of genus Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus is used as the second treatment method. The results imply that the combinat ion of both the methods is very effective and leads to a ...

Feldspar ores occur usually together with quartz, micaceous minerals and some amount of coloured impurities. For fu rther utilization of feldspar is necessary to effectively remove colouring gangue minerals. The main me thod of feldspar ores treatment is froth flotation. In this paper the emphasis is put on efficiency of pH changes and varied dosages of flotation reagents in application of laboratory flotation.

This paper presents a new approach to evaluation of coal with implementation microwave extraction. It is know from literature that coal is a chemically and physically extremely complex and heterogeneous material, consisting of organic (carbon) and inorganic (minerals) constituents. Our attention was intent on the study of influence of Soxhlet and microwave-assisted extraction in the open-vessel and closed-vessel system, respectively. The microwave extraction (MAE) was realised in microwave furnace with using diffe...

In the article is a brief description of the methods of thermal analysis, description of bentonite deposits and treatment of this ma terial. Also, this te xt is discussed the practical application of thermal analysis to evaluate materials that can be reused as secondary raw materials in various industries. This method allows both quantitative and qualitative evaluation of a sample. Examples of such material may be bentonite, its evaluation of thermal analysis is presented in this article.

The hydrometallurgical process for obtaini ng alumina by Bayer process bauxite is getting significant amounts of red mud (0.8 - 2 t / t Al 2O3). It is deposited in dumps which can cause danger for environment mainly due to the alkali content ( pH = 8-13) and small dimensisons of particles (less than 60 microns). Chemical and mineralogical composition of red mud bauxite is closely related to type of the bauxite used as raw material and processing conditions determined by some peculiarities of applied technology (pr...

In this work, dissolution of Ni and Fe in sulfuric acid medium under the influence of sodium fluoride was studied. The samples of the nickeliferous late ritic ore were taken from Eski şehir (Karaçam) region of Turkey. The effects on the nickel and iron dissolution rates of stirring speed, sulfur ic acid concentration, sodium fluoride concentration, reaction temperature were investigated. In order to investigate the effects of leaching temperature range of 30-50 °C the shrinking core model was applied by using t...

In this study, the boric aci d extraction from colemanite in ammonium chloride was studied and the effects of parameters such as the leaching temperature, ammonium chloride concentration, solid/liquid ratio a nd leaching time were investigated on the boric acid extraction from colemanite. Statistical design of experiments and the analysis of variance were carried out. The experiments were performed in a 500-mL cylindrical glass reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermostat for controlling the leaching t...

A detailed study has been conducted to investigate the leaching behavior of low-grade secondary type, uranium minerals under alkaline conditions. Uranium mapping analysis indicated the significance of each particle size to the leaching process. Owed to its significance, particle size effects were examined by two different experimental schemes: classical plate agita tion and bottle roll te sting. Other infl uencing variables such as agitation time and concentration of used lixiviants, were also considered. Results ...

In this study, nickel extraction from Karaçam (Eskisehir) region laterites by hydrochloric acid leaching is ai med. The mineralogical analysis showed that the ore sample contains goethite, hema tite, wustite, retgers ite, gaspeite and clay type minerals together with quartz. The effects of various parameters such as leaching time, stirring speed, acid concentration and leaching temperature on nickel recovery were determined. The shrinking core model was applied to the results of experime nts investigating the eff...

The bauxite is not processed through the usua l processes of ore en richment because of the mineralogical composition and structure, the intergrowths of minerals being very fine. Mineralogical characterization is very important to choose the method of extracting alumina from bauxite. This paper presents the mineralogical st udy of a hydrargyllitic bauxite from Sierra Leone and of the red mud resulted after extraction of alumina by Bayer method. The mineralogical characterization of red mud is needed to choose the ...

The paper deals with the verification of the possibility of using the froth separation to separate highly concentrated coarse-grained black coal slurry. For laboratory research samples of raw coal with a grain size fraction of 0,2 - 2 mm from the Paskov Mine were used. The achieved se paration results confirmed the ability of froth separation to separate coarse-grained highly concentrated sl urry. The coal slurry in concentrations of 332 kg.m -3, 400 kg.m-3, 500 kg.m -3, 600 kg m -3, 668 kg m-3 was successfully se...

Researches of ilmenite reduction kinetics defining intensity of process course are carried out for many years. Main characteri stic is concentrate reducibility degree, characterizing process speed in concrete conditions. Ilmenite reduction process is very complicated, and its speed depends on many factors - oxides nature, temperature and degrees of concentrate grinding. Iron complicates ilmenite concentrate use in its chlorination process for obtaining titanium tetrachloride - an initial product for obtaining of s...

The paper deals with the study on pyrite liber ation from talc raw ma terial. The material comes from deposit nearby Gemerska Poloma village (Eastern Slovakia). A lumpy material was subjected to crushing, grain si ze and float-sink analyses. Heavy and light products were also assayed. XRD study of sel ected products of float-sink analysis was carried out. Thus, it was found that iron and sulphur concentrate in a grain size classes of 0.5-3mm, above all in 1-2mm. The highest mass yield of heavy product was attained...

The biotechnological methods have wide application area in the remediation of heavy metals from the waste waters. This study presents the results of the biological-chemical activation of coal waste from the Cigel deposit (Slovakia) by selected species of microorganisms, as well as: Aspergillus niger, Asperg illus clavatus, Penicillium glabrum and Trichoderma viride . The quantitative maceral composition has been investigated. The complex maceral analysis shoved that microorganisms preferentially disrupt the struct...

The national and international economic crisis has increased the interest in utilizing coal to produce electric or thermic energy, but that means also an increased pollution. According to the U.E. normative, Romani a’s environmental problems with the SO X, NOX, CO, CO 2 emissions from the th ermoelectric plants will be partially solved by 2012. However there will remain some important sources of pollution such as ash and breeze deposits, which have a negative impact upon the microclimate and upon all the environ...

Froth flotation is an effective process for separating valuable from gangue minerals. Studies show that the performance of froth flotation is affected by the froth structure, and has a strong relationship with visual information of the froth surface. The determination of the froth structure, therefore, plays a vital role for controlling the process. Extensive studies have shown that computer-based vision technology is a robust, non-intrusive and cost effective approach for monitoring and controlling of flotation c...

The paper deals with an evaluation of flotation application suitability in the sludge decontamination from the Cerny Prikop stream situated in the City of Ostrava (Czech Republic). Application of flotation on the given samples is highly effective and the acquired results are excellent. We used 2 conventional flotation collectors (Montanol 551, Flotakol). Flotation of organic pollutants is very effectual and more than 75 \% of hydrocarbons C10 – C40, 70 \% of PCB and 80 \% of PAH from the sediments was removed.