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Vulnerability may be considered one of the most important components of the seismic risk, as it is the only one that human society may act upon in order to reduce the risk. As seismic vulnerability implies multiple dimensions, from the physical one to the social and economic ones, a multi-criteria decision-making approach proves to be appropriate for its assessment. The uncertainty inherently involved in the assessment process is addressed using fuzzy logic theory. This paper aims to assess the seismic vulnerabili...

The paper focuses on the experimental determination of the accuracy of automatic angular targeting of total stations. The measurements were carried out with Trimble S6 HP and Trimble S8 HP robotic total stations owned by the Department of Special Geodesy at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, CTU in Prague. Accuracy of targeting was determined with use of both laboratory and outdoor experimental geodetic networks. The laboratory micronetworks were two. One was made up of 10 points with a length of sight from 1.8 m t...

The New Ecological Paradigm Scale is one of the widest used instruments in the assessment of environmental attitudes and there is a consensus in the scientific community on the validity of the scale. The scale allows measurement of five dimensions of the pro-environmental attitudes (the fragility of nature?s balance, the reality of limits to growth, antianthropocentrism, rejection of exemptionalism and the possibility of an ecocrisis). In this paper, we have analyzed the influence of age and gender variables on th...

Romanian economy is based, to a certain extent, on chemical industry and its approximately 300 SEVESO operators present on its territory. This situation implies numerous transports of raw materials or final products between operators in the chemical industry and/or other economic entities. A considerable number of cargos may consist in actual shipments of hazardous materials (HAZMAT), fact that can lead to an important issue: in Romania, a developing country, the current road transport infrastructure for dangerous...

This article discusses the formation and development of the American and Russian intelligentsia in the first half of the 19th century. An attempt is made to determine the basic prerequisites and sources of formation of the intelligentsia as a special social layer within the national structure of American and Russian society. The characteristic of its separate representatives and specific features of development of their views are presented. Special attention is paid to the American literary intelligentsia, aboliti...

At the present state, the LIDAR systems have different configurations and geometries, according to their applications. The multi-wavelength Raman and depolarization LIDAR systems used in the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network ? EARLINET are suitable to provide an extended set of optical parameters for aerosol characterization which can be used in climatology studies, models and different events like Saharan dust outbreaks, transport of smoke plumes or volcanic ash. The aerosol in the atmosphere is present mos...

One of the largest fires in the Croatian history, so called ?mother of all fires?, broke out on Monday, 17. July 2017 in the area between Split and Omis (Croatia). The fighting with the firestorm lasted until 18. July when the situation was put under control, and on 19. July, the recovery of the affected area started. The classification showed that the burned area was 40670 square kilometers large. Vegetation indices obtained from aerial or remote sensing imagery are very simple and effective methods for quantitat...

The aim of an article is to analyze the current state of building security awareness and preparing people up to 15 years of age in the area of extraordinary crisis situations focusing on fire protection. In the framework of the analysis of the current situation using the study of legislation, questionnaire survey and controlled interviews, deficiencies in the given area were identified and solutions were proposed. The target group of the interview was the members of the voluntary fire protection of the Slovak Repu...

The floods are common phenomena in the Danube Delta that covers major land areas. The Danube by its nature brings every year from upstream to downstream significant quantities of water. Furthermore, at different times of the year the river can cause significant floods on the urban and rural settlements along its course and can act as a huge pressure on the dams belonging to the Danube Delta agricultural enclosures. The pressure is generally given by the flash floods which is a phenomenon of rapid increase and decr...

The floods are extreme hydro_meteorological phenomena and are more and more common along the rivers. The climate change in the recent years has negatively influenced the way in which the classical weather phenomena have become a danger to communities, infrastructure and environment. The target area of this study is the northern part of the Danube Delta, where three localities prone to flood risk are analyzed - Figure 1. The high water levels on the Danube at certain times of the year may pose a great danger to the...

Currently, there are a number of works focusing on the study of the geodynamic situation near the large reservoirs. These studies cover many areas of research from geodynamic models of the Earth's crust and geodynamic activity of water reservoirs (e.g. lakes) to dynamics of the Earth's rotation and oil deposits. This paper presents a new method of analyzing the geodynamic situation near the large reservoirs. As an example, the geophysical conditions near Kuybyshev are determined using the method and data on latitu...

In this study, the anomalous geomagnetic variation related to the moderate Vrancea earthquake (Mw=5.5) on 28 October 2018 was shown. This anomaly and its associated seismicity were analyzed and compared with a similar anomaly which occurred on October 2016- May 2017. To better distinguish the seismotectonic anomalies from external geomagnetic variations (geomagnetic storms), the datasets recorded at Muntele Rosu (MLR) located inside seismogenic zone were compared with datasets recorded at Surlari (SUA) located at ...

The purpose of the paper is to obtain a new composite material based on chemically functionalized nanoparticles dispersed in plastomer matrix. The dispersion of the ZnO nanoparticles in a plastomer matrix (PETr) leads to a high-performance polymeric material with multi-functional, antibacterial, and plastomer-specific processing properties. In this paper, elastomeric nanocompound materials were selected, due to performance properties such as: antimicrobial, resistance to aggressive chemical agents, mechanical prop...

This work is focused on antioxidant activity of various types of horticultural crops. Several types of vegetable and fruits were analyzed by free radicals scavenging method using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In this work various methods of analysis results expressing were evaluated. The results were expressed, in terms of the widest applicability, while the simplicity of the serial analysis were maintained. Percentage of inhibition of free radicals was expressed per unit sample weight and standard pipetti...

Evaluation of explosion-proof protected electrical equipment in scope of certification is extremely important considering the risk of explosion that has to be minimized in order to ensure life safety and health of workers and to prevent damaging of property and the environment, as well as free movement of goods when they meet the essential safety requirements at European level. The standards SR EN 60079-0 (Explosive atmospheres. Part 0: Equipment. General requirements) and one or more of the standards containing t...

Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a red-colored protein found in cell membranes of the organism Halobacterium salinarum, being considered as a light activated proton pump that transports protons across the plasma membrane. Because bacteriorhodopsin is one of the simplest ATP-producing systems known in biology, it has been the subject of intensive investigations. The bR photo-intermediates were seen in the mechanistic model considering that this protein links light energy to the translocation of protons across the bacteria...

The purpose of the research is to assess the current condition of and determine ways of solving the problem related to the improvement of management of subsoil use processes and objects from the standpoint of interests of the state, business and society. The applied methodology is based on the study of the main provisions of official laws and regulations and policy documents, the application of methods for collecting, processing and analyzing information related to this topic, the demonstration of actual performan...

The paper aims to assess the macrobenthic diversity and habitats distribution in front of the Danube mouth along a depth gradient on the Romanian Black Sea shelf. During the reference 60 - 70?s period the benthic community diversity accounted for 75 species. In the 80?s (starting of eutrophication period) this has sharply decreased to 45 species as result of the ecological collapse due to economic development of the riverine Black Sea countries?. However, the area is naturally under the influence of the riverine i...

Noble metallic nanoparticles, silver (Ag) and gold (Au) especially, are very important in modern nanotechnology due to their various applications in medicine, pharmacy and diagnosis especially due to their proven antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Both silver (AgNPs) and gold (AuNPs) nanoparticles can be synthesized using conventional or unconventional methods and, in recent years, the unconventional methods that rely on the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles from different plants and plant parts are cons...

Ratei Cave, with its 7,224 m length, provides a good opportunity to investigate the geology and tectonics of Leaota Mountains, the eastern end of the South Carpathians. The geological observations reveal that Ratei Cave is mainly developed in Upper Jurassic limestones, but siliciclastic and metamorphic rocks are encountered in different locations along the cave passages. The stratigraphic succession on the 69 m elevation range, which represents the positive vertical extent between the entrance and the cave end, co...

In 2050 more than 66% of the world?s population will live in urban areas. Some cities feature an extremely high growth rate, dense population and often a low level of management and economic development. Traditional economic theory fails to consider the positive and negative externalities arising from the interaction of economic, ecological and social city spheres. Externalities arise at interaction of economic and ecological, economic and social, and ecological and social components. The choice between environmen...

An experiment of different application rates of biochar and biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer was conducted at experimental field on a Haplic Luvisol located in Nitra region of Slovakia during the growing season of maize in 2015. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar and biochar combined with nitrogen fertilization on the production of CO2 emissions from the soil. The treatments consisted of 0, 10 and 20 t ha of biochar applied in 2014 (B0, B10 and B20) and combined with 0, 160...

The paper shows the studies of methods for assessing of monetary and natural efficiency of energy-saving procedures in civil construction within comparative conditions. The groups of energy-saving procedures were identified by procedures for saving, procedures for losses reducing, procedures for resource consumption reducing. The factors that influence the assessment of energy-saving procedures are listed and the coefficients of comparable conditions in the assessment are justified. Methods for calculating the coe...

Explosive mixtures generated in technological installations by processing, handling and storage are generally complex and in many cases cannot be assimilated with existing specific data. When ignited, they can burn rapidly and result in a considerable explosion force, when in mixture with air in proper proportions. Therefore, for establishing with certainty the requirements of the technical equipment which can be used in potentially explosive atmospheres generated by air / combustible dust mixtures, it is necessar...

The analysis of the actual situation of protected areas and their evolution over time, in an area located on the eastern border of the EU, represents a major interest in identifying national and international policies concerning the estate of conservation and the biodiversity protection. The region aimed to be studied is historical Moldova. It is situated mainly on the territory of two states, Romania (EU member) and Republic of Moldova (former state of the Soviet Union). In time, the historical Moldova existed as...

Precise measurement and indication of quantitative concentration of heavy metals in soils is materialized in increased degree of objectivity in research conducted to characterize interactions between pollutants and environmental factors in a given area or region. The present paper aims at highlighting the influence errors induced by physical and chemical characteristics of soils and the fluctuations of soil metal concentrations depending on its humidity and granulometry proposing appropriate methods and techniques...

Using the open-source library for calculations in the field of kinetics and thermodynamics Cantera, a software module has been developed. Computer simulation of dry reforming of methane in a membrane reactor-contactor has been performed. The one-dimensional mathematical model of gas flow in a porous catalytic coating is used. The influence of a number of parameters, such as characteristics of pores of catalytic membrane coating, and the temperature and the flow rate of the gas mixture on the dry reforming of metha...

The transportation infrastructure belongs among the factors, which significantly affect the development of economy and living standard in the country. The development of the highway network, therefore, belongs to priorities. Slovakia has a programme of completion of highway network with length 660 kilometres with the priority of connection to the international multimodal corridors. The preparation and construction of highways sections are gradually shifting from flat territory of Slovakia to the hilly and mountain...

The microclimate of the urban environment is influenced by urban development, road surface, distribution of green areas. The city, especially with a highly developed industry, pollutes the atmosphere above itself, increases its turbidity and thereby reduces the influx of solar radiation. Such changes in the microclimate of the urban environment often occur as a result of changes in urban development, artificial changes in the relief, and the cutting down of forest plantations. Due to changes in the urban environme...

For proper construction and operation of the industrial park there was proposed and already realised a 38 groundwater extraction well system from which optimum pumping rate is required to keep the groundwater level at required elevation. To address this challenge numerical groundwater modelling system using TRIWACO simulation package has been applied. The modelling package utilises finite element method (FEM) that can handle complex aquifer parameters for running quasi three-dimensional groundwater flow model. Bas...

Ecological education is considered as a holistic cultural phenomenon, which includes the processes of education, upbringing, development of the person, the basis for the formation of ecological culture, a significant component of the system of national education of students and students. The ecological competence of future biology teachers today is defined as the ability to apply environmental knowledge and experience in life situations, guided by the priority of environmental values and responsibility for the env...

Modern scientific research centers require the fast, fault-tolerant storing systems for the collecting and processing of large amounts of scientific data originating from different sources and serving a great variety of client applications all over the world. This problem has great importance in many fields of science, such as geoinformatics, climate modeling, high-energy physics, astrophysics, and others. It is reasonable to use the concept of distributed computing to preprocess, normalize and aggregate scientifi...

Industrial ventilation requires a deep knowledge of fluid dynamics, heat dissipation, flow of complex fluids, steady state and transient conditions, operating problems, contamination inside and outside of installations, etc. In the field of industrial ventilation, the conditions of the indoor environment, called the indoor air quality and the exposure of employees to them, are very important. In industrial installations, the emission regime for contaminants may be 10-100 times higher than in non-industrial install...

The article describes an information-analytical system for assessing the impact of solid waste landfills on the environmental. The proposed system can be an informational basis for creating a national register of municipal solid waste, both authorized, acting in accordance with the requirements of current legislation, and unauthorized dumps. This basis will provide a scientific and economic justification for making decisions on the prospects for the management of municipal solid waste at the regional and local lev...

This paper deals with the effective usage of digital twin for managing and optimizing production in small and medium-sized companies. Simple and effective business operation is related to the necessary digitization of documents. A set of digitized information and production-related data are the basis for the creation of a digital twin. The use of a digital twin involves effective management, control and optimization of production within a set of several small and medium-sized companies with the same or technologic...

Light hydrocarbons migrate from the petroleum accumulations to the Earth?s surface through faults and fractures. The occurrence of these hydrocarbons in the near-surface zone forms the basis for the surface geochemical methods. The purpose of these methods is to record and analyze the distributions of micro-concentration of gaseous hydrocarbons. The paper presents the results of surface geochemical survey carried out in the ?Kosina? hydrocarbon concession block in SE part of the Carpathian Foredeep. The surveys we...

The paper presents an attempt to integrate the results of surface geochemical survey (?free gas? method) and soil magnetic susceptibility carried out in "Brzesko-Wojnicz" area, the SE part of Poland. The measurement profile is located at the border of two regional tectonic units: the central part of the Carpathian Foredeep and the Outer Carpathians. . The purpose of the article was to find out a relationship between different indicators of hydrocarbon microseepage, which can provide useful information, especially ...

A study conducted over a longer period of time for an architectural heritage building from masonry is presented. The specific features of the asymmetric structural systems, the normative provisions in Romania, the strengthening works possibilities necessary after the action of severe Vrancea earthquakes for these systems and also of structural analysis using instrumental data processing techniques are considered. The results obtained in three stages- before, during and after the strengthening works, from Fourier s...

A research of edible gelatin rainbow holograms is presented. Gelatin is an edible material with optical properties: it is transparent in the visible region of the spectrum and has refractive index close to refractive index of optical polymers. Gelatin is capable to transfer diffraction relief and save it for a long time. Gelatin holograms were prepared by nanoimprinting method from gelatin aqua solutions with different concentrations (1 part of gelatin per 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 parts of water). The samples were made o...

A global climate change caused by anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) is one of the most important environmental problems in the latest human history. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture reach approximately 70% of annual global N2O emissions and approximately 75% of all N2O emissions in Slovakia. Cultivated soils are the main source of N2O in terrestrial ecosystems and therefore its mitigation from agriculture is urgently required. The studies on the effect of biochar application ...

Nowadays, there is a gradual decline in oil production from conventional reservoirs, and it leads to introduction of unconventional hydrocarbon sources into the development. Shale oil production is one of the focus areas of potential unconventional hydrocarbon reserves development. Besides ultralow permeability, low porosity, and high reservoir temperature, its production is complicated due to the lack of geological information, complex reservoir structure and physical processes occurring during multiphase fluid f...

The study is the first experience to assess the possibility of obtaining clean garnet material from garnet-mica schist from waste Keivy area of Kola Peninsula using electric pulse disintegration. It is shown that the fraction +0.25-0.5 almandine garnet crystal crushed using electric pulse disintegration material and after it washing upward flow of fluid contains up to 94% clean garnet.

Latest economic research has been overloaded with discussion of socio-economic crisis and its complexity, or even impossibility of rapid recovery. We have considered the state of environmental security of the region and the key factors affecting it. There are two main approaches to the assessment of the environmental security: an economic and geographical approach, and a geo-ecological approach. The first one suggests considering the environmental infrastructure as an object of the nature protection and restoratio...

Digital ecosystems are considered socio-technical clusters of adaptive applications with different levels of context awareness, adaptability, and autonomy. Applications from a digital ecosystem must solve concrete problems but have to be computationally efficient, it will have to find a balance between the freedom of a system to self-adapt and the constraints that apply to obtain a correct functionality. A new model of context is necessary to facilitate the development of adaptive applications that evolve with the...

One of the goals of our research was the evaluation of quantitative and qualitative properties of the Fe oxyhydroxides emerging from mine waters. Another one of the main goals of this research was the effectiveness comparison between natural and supported attenuation used as a remediation method for the removal of potentially toxic metals and metalloids from mining waters occurring on sites with sulfidic mineralization. Samples for this research were taken from abandoned mineral deposit of sulfide ores in the loca...

In the given work the new velocity model of the central part of the East European craton is presented. To achieve this goal six broadband seismic stations were installed along the profile about 500 km long. To recall the velocity structure, the receiver function technique has been used. For the inversion we used Levenberg - Marquardt algorithm for both P-to-S and S-to-P converted waves along with the travel times discrepancy of the transition zone 410-660 km. Preliminary processing of the velocity sections made it...

Approaching the issue of fertilizers with organic substances of the bio stimulants class is a difficult task as the concept is far from complete elucidation. As concerned the use in agriculture of these products, legislation, research, and experimental activities are still incipient. Any substance or microorganism applied to plants with the purpose to enhance nutrition efficiency, abiotic stress, and/or crops quality features regardless of their nutrient content can be generally defined as a product with bio stimu...

Most cities in Romania, faced in the post-communist period with changes in the dynamics and functional structure of the city. The transformations after 1990, in terms of territorial planning, reconversion and economic policies, have led to important decisions regarding the industrial platforms. Industrial reconversion is a natural stage in urban evolution in most Eastern European countries with an unstable or very dynamic economy. The post-communist period is marked by the development of services and the regressio...

Ecological routes should have social, cultural and educational scientific functions. In order to make full use of their potential, the work should be done for studying the conditions of the areas where the routes are located or planned to locate. It is advisable to start researches in nature reserves with ecological routes, where access to the territory of reserves is limited by ecological routes. This paper presents the results of the study of geoenvironmental conditions of the Karadag natural reserve along the e...

The Higher Education and universities have high impact for regional development and youth migration. We suggest what the migration of people with a high level of knowledge (called ?brain drain?) is detrimental for the region of emigration. High level universities attract the best students and growth the brain drain. There are close relationships between neighboring regions. Distance can be understood as a barrier of human capital growth. Geographical distance between parental home and college poses a potential bar...