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More than fifty per cent (56.7%) of total energy consumption of oil industry falls on the artificial lift operations. In recent years, the share of wells producing high-viscosity oil has been continuously increasing. It is common knowledge that these wells require high energy demand. Considering that the majority of these wells use downhole sucker rod pumping units, well performance improvement is the priority task. At present, balance of active energy consumed by motor at rod upstroke and downstroke is used as an...

Land use of the closed joint stock company "Zarya" is located in an extremely arid zone, which affects the specialization of the economy and the peculiarities of the use of agricultural land. The territory of CJSC "Zarya" is located within the Terek-Kuma artesian basin. Land use of the grape farm is located in the zone of distribution of chestnut soils. Depending on the qualitative composition of the soil are divided into five soil-reclamation groups. In the course of monitoring of agricultural land economy identi...

The main tasks and provisions of multiscale image processing of nanostructures are formulated, the feature of which is the use of the concepts of heredity and variability of characters. Heredity refers to the process of preserving traits on a sequence of images of a nanostructure as the scale of observation changes. Under variability refers to the process of loss of signs or the emergence of new signs on a multiscale sequence of images. It is obvious that images of nanostructures on scales at which there is a shar...

The most important part of any successful program of obtaining stable yields of agricultural crops is the development of effective plant protection products. The use of pesticides and chemical control methods has revolutionized agriculture. Chemical means of protection attracted attention by cheapness, variety of drugs, and most importantly, high efficiency The toxicity of some pesticides did not cause much concern, and only excessive saturation of the environment with pesticides sharply raised the question of lim...

Ecological education is considered as a holistic cultural phenomenon, which includes the processes of education, upbringing, development of the person, the basis for the formation of ecological culture, a significant component of the system of national education of students and students. The ecological competence of future biology teachers today is defined as the ability to apply environmental knowledge and experience in life situations, guided by the priority of environmental values and responsibility for the env...

Modern scientific research centers require the fast, fault-tolerant storing systems for the collecting and processing of large amounts of scientific data originating from different sources and serving a great variety of client applications all over the world. This problem has great importance in many fields of science, such as geoinformatics, climate modeling, high-energy physics, astrophysics, and others. It is reasonable to use the concept of distributed computing to preprocess, normalize and aggregate scientifi...

Measuring tools are one of the main tool groups, which subgroup, manual measuring tools play a decisive role for further development of the measuring tools and machinery for wood processing. Nowadays a wide range of these tools used in construction sites, workshops, studios, households and in manufacturing for quality control operations, measurement inspection and other. Depending on woodworks diversity and processing method, the manual measuring tools have various functions, shapes and uses. The diversity of tool...

The purpose of this article is development of systemized recommendations for assessing impact of logging machines on forest soil, basing on which one can consider eligibility of a particular machine for given soil conditions. Research methods include mathematical analysis, numerical methods for solving equations, computing experiment and methods for calculated data processing. The study uses soil compaction and rut depth, consisting of the compaction and soil shear, as the main indicators of the impact. The main s...

In work the solution of a operational and confidential data transmission problem with the necessary quality level of decodifying in the conditions of continuous increase in volume of video content containing data on critical infrastructure objects is proposed. The mechanisms allowing to define availability of planimetric information at stage of color-difference transformation are developed. Evaluation of the work of the developed method is given. To increase the data transfer rate, it is proposed to encrypt only t...

Thermal springs are a true gift of nature, in which a person can find health and beauty. By the thermal springs are meant groundwaters with temperature more than 20 °C, which come to the surface. Also by thermal is often meant the source, in which the temperature is higher than the average values for the surroundings area. The healing properties of thermal springs are well known since ancient times - the ancient Romans built the terms around them. While taking baths, the warriors healed wounds received in the camp...

The article describes the solution of the problem of determining the pricing strategy of the enterprise, that operates at the window construction market with using an approach to a modeling multi-agent resource conversion processes. This approach is built on the basis of integration of simulation, expert, multi-agent and situational modeling methods. Agent-oriented simulation reveals and explains the mechanism of the emergence of a complex multi-agent system optimal behavior that consists of set of interacting act...

Fine and ultra-fine particles are produced during biomass combustion. The concentration of particles varies based on individual phases of the combustion process. This may poses a significant threat to human health since ultra-fine particles (<100 nm) are able to penetrate and deposit deep in the human body through various pathways. The paper presents results obtained through measurements in small combustion plants (used for household heating) with selected biomass types (for example pellets, sawdust, etc.). The ma...

The article considers the criteria of typification of municipal solid waste according to their degree of danger. It is proposed the approaches based on the adaptation of the criteria to the differentiation of unauthorized landfills depending on the extent of their negative impact on the environment and human health. The criteria of typification of MSW landfills are formulated on the basis of analysis of waste composition, location of dump, its area and environmental hazards. Environmental hazard of landfills is de...

The objective of this work was to develop the waste-free eco-pure composite technology for fruit and vegetable processing to produce high quality, storage- and sediment-resistant juices, pectin, P vitamin and essential oils within a single production cycle. Georgia is an agricultural country with a large cultivation of fruit and vegetables. At present, they are processed in small amounts and of rather low quality. The juice produced by the conventional technology is not stable, as its pulp precipitates, but the ju...

Energy and raw material costs, an increase in environmental pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, depletion of fossil raw materials stimulate to seek and study alternatives to the synthetic fibres and products made of them for full or partial replacement. Renewable raw materials, including natural fibre sources, are the future of storage resources with a variety of positive effects on both the planet ecosystem and the living and working environment, and the energy consumption of delivering the requi...

Renewable energy sources, including wood pellets, are increasingly used in the world to reduce CO2 emissions from the production of electrical and thermal energy. One of the largest producers of wood pellets in Europe is located in Latvia; it is a significant exporter of wood pellets on the European scale, exporting approximately 90% of the total quantity produced and supplying the remaining 10% to the domestic market. Even though there are favourable conditions for wood pellet production, industrial consumption o...

The diagnostics of residual service life of key industrial products is essential in real technical operations. The diagnostics facilitates reliable monitoring of real-time state of the equipment and thus ensures its safety. Steel structures in heavy machinery are used for brown coal mining and require high purchase investments. That is why the diagnostics of these structures is so important. Each equipment failure represents a considerably high loss of mined volumes and thus also the financial loss. It is therefor...

The diatom method is a useful tool for reconstructing the history of lakes and for understanding the nature of changes in their water level that occurred in the past. It also shows the periods of freshwater and brackish phases in the development of water basins. A long core was taken in the deepest part of Lake Big Miassovo in July 2018. The core covered the time span of 13 500 years. Following the analysis of 14 core samples from Lake Big Miassovo, 97 diatom taxa belonging to 44 genera were identified. The domina...

This study was conducted to determine the effects of various levels of dietary protein and short-term starvation periods on compensatory growth, body compositions and organ indices of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during 46 days. Fish were fed ad libitum twice a day or starved as follows: two control groups, one group was feed daily with extruded pellets containing 41% crude protein (D41) and the other control group was feed daily with commercial pellets containing 50% crude protein (D50); two groups fasted ...

Application of organic fertilizers greatly affects soil quality and consequently plant health. Short-term application of manure may increase soil reaction. The possible mechanism is microbial decarboxylation of calcium-organic matter complex leading to the release and subsequent hydrolysis of calcium ions. It also affects the intake of chemical substances. The effect may vary among different types and origin of manures and their composition. On the contrary, nitrification is the process with the opposite effect on...

This paper deals with the effective usage of digital twin for managing and optimizing production in small and medium-sized companies. Simple and effective business operation is related to the necessary digitization of documents. A set of digitized information and production-related data are the basis for the creation of a digital twin. The use of a digital twin involves effective management, control and optimization of production within a set of several small and medium-sized companies with the same or technologic...

Increasing demand for new energy sources requires the use of new substances in the production of energy or at least innovative application of the already known compounds. Considering the above, LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) is more and more often used as fuel, as the growing pollution of the environment and rapid climate changes force the reduction of emissions of sulphur and nitrogen oxides to the environment. Liquid methane no longer contains sulphur oxides in any form because they are removed during the gas metha...

This paper presents some general directory lines regarding the development (design and effective production) of the cementitious composites with self-cleaning properties. Self-cleaning concrete represents a material containing nanomaterials, namely TiO2 nanoparticles with photocatalytic properties. Consequently, buildings facades made of a composite containing TiO2-SiO2, exhibit superhydrophilic effect on the surfaces, i.e., in the presence of UV radiation, the water reaching these surfaces have the ability to for...

Light hydrocarbons migrate from the petroleum accumulations to the Earth?s surface through faults and fractures. The occurrence of these hydrocarbons in the near-surface zone forms the basis for the surface geochemical methods. The purpose of these methods is to record and analyze the distributions of micro-concentration of gaseous hydrocarbons. The paper presents the results of surface geochemical survey carried out in the ?Kosina? hydrocarbon concession block in SE part of the Carpathian Foredeep. The surveys we...

Afghanistan has a complicated geologic and tectonic setting due to its position between two active plates of Indian and Eurasia. The country is composed of a serious of tectonic crustal block, which are separated by faulting systems. With consideration of these active faults, besides other types of magmatic rock complexes, ultramafic rocks have widely distribution over the various part of the country. Based on the previously geological investigation of, most of the ultramafic complexes have distribution within Log...

Fans are such simple and common equipment, that we tend to underestimate their importance, giving them our attention only when their performances are not meeting our criteria. General mechanical ventilation is typically carried out by two co-operating installations: one for the inlet of fresh air into the room or technological space, and the second for absorbing the vicious air. Both fresh air and the evacuation of the air, the fans must be equipped with a diffuser. When the fan blows freely into the atmosphere wi...

The paper presents an attempt to integrate the results of surface geochemical survey (?free gas? method) and soil magnetic susceptibility carried out in "Brzesko-Wojnicz" area, the SE part of Poland. The measurement profile is located at the border of two regional tectonic units: the central part of the Carpathian Foredeep and the Outer Carpathians. . The purpose of the article was to find out a relationship between different indicators of hydrocarbon microseepage, which can provide useful information, especially ...

In the development of Latvia?s economy fisheries industry has always played a significant role, especially in development of the Baltic Sea and Riga Gulf coastline area. The fisheries industry has not only a long-standing history and traditions, but also an internal development potential and the ability to produce competitive products in the world market. The aim of the research is to reflect the diversity and competitiveness of the product in the Latvian fisheries industry. On the grounds of the methodology offer...

This paper analyzes and summarizes the main results of Technological and Nontechnological Eco-innovations performance through the investment planning framework and gives comprehensive overview of one of European Union Investments planning case in one of the Baltic States. The used methods: scientific literature and legislative documents analysis show the planned and called investments overview during the 20142020 financial planning period and explicitly outlines the fields of investment planning attractiveness int...

Weathering of open adits, dumps and non-isolated tailing impoundments at abandoned ore deposits cause many problems such as water, soil and stream sediments contamination by potentially toxic elements. Soil contamination often results in a local change in biodiversity. In the present study, we describe the diversity of plants and fungi in the areas contaminated mainly with arsenic and antimony. The highest contaminant contents (As, Sb, Pb, Zn, Cu) in soils were generally identified in alluvia of draining streams. ...

A study conducted over a longer period of time for an architectural heritage building from masonry is presented. The specific features of the asymmetric structural systems, the normative provisions in Romania, the strengthening works possibilities necessary after the action of severe Vrancea earthquakes for these systems and also of structural analysis using instrumental data processing techniques are considered. The results obtained in three stages- before, during and after the strengthening works, from Fourier s...

This paper presents an analysis of available statistical data on changes in the area of renewable energy sources in the European Union (EU). The analysis of the results takes into account, e.g. the share of renewable energy in final gross energy consumption and the share of renewable energy in gross power consumption. The analyzed source data relate to EU member states. The presented statistical data are based on data prepared in accordance with the accounting rules set in Directive 2009/28/EC regarding the promot...

Global warming is a phenomenon that makes us increasingly aware of the importance of protecting nature. One of the biggest problems is water scarcity in the world and the gradual drying up of water resources. This is the main reason why we are trying to return greenery to our cities, saving water and appreciating rainwater much more. Drinking water and rainwater storage tanks, as well as sludge tanks for wastewater treatment and recycling to technical water are becoming increasingly important. For built-up areas, ...

The article deals with the impact of public recreation on forest communities near sacred sites in the suburban area of the city. The question is actual and is caused by an assessment of influence of forest types of recreation on components of forest biogeocenosis. It is revealed that for this purpose it is necessary to achieve strict observance of the basic ecological and forestry requirements at the organization of forest territories by types of the recreational occupations guaranteeing reliable preservation and ...

The following article is devoted to ecological education in university training of future geologists. The purpose of our research is a comprehensive study of the concept of ?ecology of education? and the determination of its place in higher education. The object of the study is the methods of teaching students - geologists. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that it responds to the growing interest in the processes of environmental communication and its modeling capabilities. We try to underline the role...

In order to fight for a clean environment, different types of action that can be helpful in this situation must be taken. The environment should be taken care of by the governments of individual countries, enterprises and various organizations, but also by ordinary people. The last group is particularly important because people transfer their behavior to their family, children, work, etc. But to know what to do, how to behave to help the environment, people must have an ecological awareness of their actions and li...

The progress of development must be assessed by relevant indicators. Two fundamental indicators for agriculture often proposed by principal schools of modern economics are work and land productivity. In addition to facilitating comparisons between countries, it is paramount to consider historical factors that have shaped agriculture. Poland's accession to the European Union fostered a number of discussions on the performance of Polish agriculture between both scientists and decision makers. To analyse selected soc...

Latvia is one of the greenest countries in Europe, and one of the advantages it gives is an opportunity to incorporate its nature and naturalness in tourism products. It is important for Latvia as a small country to contribute to the visibility of tourism products, which could promote sustainable economic growth. Solutions could be found within the scope of government policies. One of the objectives is to promote exports of tourism services without causing problems to the natural and social environments. In touris...

Production of energy in Poland is still based on traditional energy sources, such as: hard and brown coal. However, depletion of fossil fuel resources and the problem of excessive emission of carbon dioxide cause that the interest in renewable energy sources (RES) grows. In the recent years awareness of environmental damage caused by conventional energy has increased and a membership in the European Union was an additional stimulus for restructuring of the Polish energy sector. Therefore, the concept of renewable ...

Ecotourism is often connected s concepts nature tourism, wildlife tourism, soft tourism, green tourism. In Slovakia, there is a known concept of green tourism, which main goal is stay in environment untouched by man. Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a lowimpact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial mass tourism. It means responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment, an improving the well...

In the last decades the ecotourism become ever so popular in the protected natural areas. This form of tourism is more and more used as a new science which can reflect the new coordinates and trends for the development of the tourism industry on a global scale. In the beginning it was applied only in the natural protected areas, and step by step its area of influence got extended over the other major forms of tourism as well. By the end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century the ecotourism is gradua...

Ecotourism is one of the most rapidly developing new forms of the tourism industry which started to gain ground considerably by the end of the 20th century. This is the new trend in promoting a conscious and sustainable form of tourism with regards to the inherited natural environment and which promotes education, protection and preservation of the natural environment, economic growth and social development of the local communities. Thus in this paper we would like to present some of the aspects of the actual stat...

Salmonid fishes have always been the most valuable objects of the fisheries in the Baltic region. The population growth in Baltic region and the demand for fish products have resulted in the overfishing and impoverishment of many fishing areas. Most of wild types of fishes are losing their native spawning areas because of anthropogenic transformation involving hydro-technical construction, eutrophication of water bodies, water pollution and inadequate fishery. Heavy metals are considered as main toxicants in the p...

For several years already, Latvian companies have been participating in the evaluation of Sustainability Index where the environment is an important factor. Sustainability Index is a tool aiming to help companies in establishing the level of sustainability and responsibility. In addition, it supports and praises the enterprises that help to strengthen the Latvian economy, environment, and society in the long term. One of the elements of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is the impact of the organization on soc...

A global climate change caused by anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) is one of the most important environmental problems in the latest human history. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture reach approximately 70% of annual global N2O emissions and approximately 75% of all N2O emissions in Slovakia. Cultivated soils are the main source of N2O in terrestrial ecosystems and therefore its mitigation from agriculture is urgently required. The studies on the effect of biochar application ...

Catch crops have the potential to positively affect soil and environmental quality, including the reduction of soil erosion by water. As growing of catch crops require additional costs, farmers should be aware of the benefits that catch crops can provide. The objective of the paper is to evaluate the potential effect of catch crops with respect to reduction of soil erosion in transboundary Lielupe and Venta river basin districts (RBDs) shared by Latvia and Lithuania. Both RBDs are characterized by intensive crop f...

In-situ combustion is considered as one of the most effective ways to enhance recovery of heavy crude oils and bitumens. The oxygen from injected air reacts with the heavy components of the crude oil, forming a hot zone in which the cracking and oxidation of the heavy fractions occurs. It is noted that the combustion process essentially depends on the pressure and the nature of the crude oil. Thus detailed study on the effect of the gas phase composition on the processes of crude oil oxidation seems to be relevant...

An electrolyte for chromium based nano-composite electrolytic coatings (nano-CE?) obtaining has been developed. Nano-CEC was applied on steel of the St 3 brand with constant exposure to ultrasound, electrolyte temperature 50?60°?, current density 7kA/m2 for 1 and 2 hours from two variants of chromium-plating electrolytes, differing in the fact that one electrolyte contained strontium sulfate, in the other ? without it. Quantitative assessment of the corrosion resistance of nano - CEC deposited on steel St.3, was e...

Vegetables are considered a rich source of antioxidants (flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamins), which are frequently added to stop the process of oxidation in processed food systems. The solid waste generated in food industry was considered as a low cost raw material for the extraction of natural antioxidants. The effect of drying techniques (ambient-drying and oven-drying) on the total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of selected vegetables byproducts (garlic (Allium sativum L.), tomato (Lycopersicon escul...

One of the most widespread acidophilic fruit crops in Latvia is highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The first commercial plantings were established at the beginning of 2000th, and in 2016 the blueberry orchards exceeded 290 ha. In general, blueberry is a highly specialized crop that has definite soil agrochemical prerequisites. In Latvia, highbush blueberries are cultivated in extracted raised bogs on peat soil, as well as on mineral soils with high organic matter content. Unlike most fruits, blueberries...