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Water is essential for life. The amount of drinking water required is variable. It depends on physical activity, age, health issues, and environmental conditions. For those working in a hot climate, up to 16 liters a day may be required. Water makes up about 60% of weight in men and 55% of weight in women. Infants are about 70% to 80% water while the elderly are around 45%. [1] Far from thinking of promoting certain national bodies, the study shows several necessary aspects for evaluating drinking water situation ...

As a member of the European Union, Romania is facing numerous challenges related to the effects of the global economic crisis involving austerity measures, the occurrence of climate changes affecting the sustainable agriculture, important changes in the dynamics of labour market, an unprecedented wave of migration - a phenomenon that, without an integrated approach, could lead to the emergence of some extreme social attitude etc. This is why, the best solutions have to be found leading to the acceleration of the e...

In recent years, significant changes have occurred in the energy scene in general, and thermal energy was not immune to it. Such changes have led to attentive determination for optimal form of supply with thermal energy, accurate planning of this energy and making the right decisions. So, a right decision should be based on accurate planning, especially when dealing with an energy system. This research will focus on selecting the optimal supply of thermal energy for a space / facility which is partially used for b...

Nowadays there is a search for alternative motor fuels. In this situation, applied science is actively working on the problem of the search of cheap, high-calorie and environmentally friendly fuel.To solve this problem, the basic technological scheme of processing of real exhaust gases of TPP in a high-octane diesel is developed, and laboratory apparatus (column with cooling tubes) for the synthesis of methanol and dimethyl ether is suggested.The advantage of the developed scheme of reprocessing of real exhaust ga...

In most industrialized countries the problem of air pollution has become a major concern with significant social and political implications, is considered a barrier to economic and social development, drawing attention to these natural resources, materials and energy are not inexhaustible. In the literature are numerous researches on environmental pollution, correlated or not with the consequences on animals and food of animal origin, and not least on health human. In recent times the environmental pollution has d...

The wide availability of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with GPS, inertial system and a digital camera makes them very affordable for many geospatial applications. Just about a decade, such applications were reserved exclusively for aerial photogrammetry. With the development and popularization of UAVs, the software was developed, that allows a very high degree of automation in the preparation of standard photogrammetric products, such as digital orthophoto (DOF) and digital terrain model (DTM). However,...

Ensuring shaftпїЅs safe operation is the primary aim of measurements and observations performed in mining shafts. This involves not only determining the current technical condition of the mining shaft, but also determining causes of observed changes. In Poland, in order to preserve the efficiency of every shafts several inventory works have been performed, described in details in Ordinance. Observations пїЅ including visual assessment and metric measurements пїЅ are performed within a specified time interval. So t...

Nowadays in buildings energy supply the various combinations of the district heating, electricity and natural gas systems are used for heating, hot-water supply, cooking and etc. At the same time due to the development of energy saving technologies the available generating capacity on various types of energy has appeared and the competition among energy supplying organizations may occur. Therefore, we need to consider the impact of such decisions on the development of all types of engineering networks in specific ...

According to the existing Directive 2002/49/WE the task of identification and forecasting of noise pollution in the urban environment are carried through acoustic maps technology. The parameters designated in acoustic maps are limited to the quantitative size of evaluation of the environment exposed to the effects of noise sources, e.g. LAeq, LDEN, Lnight. The determined values of these parameters are fundamental to the decision пїЅ making process in the terms of noise reduction. The results of undertaken research...

The research represents the results of the study of metals in the leaves of Betula pendula R. in the settlement Ursk around the tailings of the former gold-polymetallic deposit located in Kemerovo region in the south of Western Siberia. 17 leaf samples were collected by the radial net with the step of 150-200 meters. The concentrations of chemical elements in the dry leaf matter were determined by the ICP-MS method. The concentrations of Hg, Ni, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ag, Sb, Ba, Co, and As in the leaves from 3 to 11 times e...

At present, education is regarded as an autonomous and intercultural educational process, during which studentsпїЅ individual and social qualities should be developed. The emphasis is placed on the selection of teaching strategies, especially those which lead to active learning. Nevertheless, education based on the frontal instruction, teacherпїЅs monologue and zero studentsпїЅ activity is carried out at many universities. Naturally, there are many reasons and to pinpoint one of them as the primary cause is diffic...

In studies on the assessment of the impact of environmental noise sources, depending on the objective set, there are used various supporting models and technologies. In the article, there was carried out the analysis of the selection of physical and psychoacoustic variables caused by the noise sources. They were determined the basic psychoacoustic measures of sound quality for registered acoustic signals in urban environment. The results were compared with the results obtained in the experiment. There was carried ...

The buildings energy performance is becoming increasingly important, because of environmental restrictions connected with CO2 emission and rising costs of fuel end energy. Respecting sustainability issues, design of buildings with improved thermal properties and optimum energy performance is preferred, whereas specific attention has to be paid not only to the design of building envelopes, but also to the thermal insulation of buildings subsoil. To obtain buildings with high thermal resistance and sufficient therma...

Environmental protection and sustainable development are two of the of great topics of interest and much concern for the new generation of passive dwelling constructors, designerпїЅs architects. In the past less concern was attached to the use of environment friendly materials in harmony with the European legislation for the construction of passive dwellings and to the questions constantly raised by life: constructors and beneficiaries should meet the legislation on these constructions in harmony with the environm...

A detailed analysis of a soil chronosequence located in well drained upland positions within broadleaf subzone of the Russian plain was performed to investigate the possible transformation of pedogenic pathways related to the climatic changes during the Late Holocene. The soil chronosequence included a soil buried under fortification (earthen) wall constructed in Early Iron Age and a day surface soil developing under natural (broadleaf forest) vegetation. Different pedogenic processes were evaluated using a number...

Network steganography could be used to try to send secret information using computer networks. Transfer of secret information must be carried out in a manner that is hard to detect and compromise covered communication in this way. Only the entities involved in such correspondence should have the right to read the content of message. For other observers, such data exchange should not arise any suspicion. Currently, a lot of interest among scientists is paid to topics of assessment of the suitability of various netw...

Monosaccharides, as well as the other carbohydrates, are used for the production of different chemicals including polyols which are widely used in food, medical, pharmaceutical industries. A large number of catalysts can be applied for these purposes but the main problem of numerous catalysts is instability leading to a high-speed deactivation, active phase leaching and support destruction. So the development of highly active, mechanically and chemically stable catalysts is one of the main tasks for the researcher...

Mining rail transport is one of the main transport systems within intra-plant logistics of mining enterprises. Its main task is the transportation of raw materials from mining sites for further processing. For efficient operation it is necessary to apply planning and optimization tools. Within the optimization processes as a one of the key tools in engineering practice appears to be a computer simulation method. For proper applying it is, however, necessary to handle modelling of some particularities which are rel...

Brief introduction on the use of GNSS technology in various fields of activity (We open with an introduction regarding the use of terrestrial laser scanning technology in various fields of activity and its use in the study of soil erosion. Next we present the use of geographical information systems (GIS) in our country and their use in various fields, including the study of soil erosion. The use of GIS in the study of soil erosion and the creation of databases with the areas where the phenomenon can be found leads...

Mapping of appearance and geometry of complicated industrial objects is a complex problem which requires that properly planned and prepared surveys are performed. Usually, detailed inventory must be performed for industrial objects. However, their complicated structure and difficult access to their entre surfaces result in limited visibility of the object. In this paper the commercially available CAD programmes (Kubit PointSense, LupoScan Pro, Autocad 2016 Geomagic Studio) are discussed; they enable the 3D modelli...

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) - the, so-called, drones, are changing the way of work of many professionals. Drones are characterised by small dimensions, relatively low prices, simple navigation and the wide possible applications; this results in growing interests in their use. In the process of real estate validation a real estate expert is obliged to perform the site inspection and to analyse a real estate with respect to its surroundings and to prepare a report of those operations. It should be assumed that t...

The touristic maps are the one of the most popular and widely used among the society type of map. However the ones are not official map and no government entity of Poland responsible for producing and distributing this types of maps. Therefore they are not free for local governments. Tourist on line maps are an ideal way for cities and region to promote their local business community. Indeed, it is estimated that hundred billion is spent on travel and tourism annually in the Poland. This is why local governments s...

Currently, there is an increase in the output of volumes of products of refineries, which leads to the contamination of the water basin by hazardous substances - such as dissolved refined products. Pollution of water resources leads to deterioration of the ecological situation. Existing cleaning methods, such as mechanical cleaning, reagent cleaning, hydrocyclones cleaning, sewage from oil products are not effective. These methods do not provide for the purification of effluents to the required MPC or are costly, ...

The paper presents the results of the study on the variability of volumetric density of individual lithological types in the Cu-Ag deposit in the Lubin-Glogow Copper District (the Polkowice-Sieroszowice mining area). In the examined deposit, the three main lithological types are made of eighteen ore types with different petrographic and mineralogical composition. Six lithological units with the largest share in the deposit resources were selected for the examination. The statistical description has shown that the ...

In the paper is described system of indirect measurement of melt temperature (SIMT) in the converter. The steelmaking process belongs to very complicated metallurgical processes. Steelworks annually make millions of tons quality steel for home and foreign market. Quality and quantity of produced steel is needed to rise so steelworks are able to compete in world in this part of an industry. One of the options how to raise the quality in this technological process is information about temperature during melt. Temper...

The paper presents made for Salt Mine пїЅWieliczkaпїЅ: <System of video monitoring of the housing and shaft reinforcement condition during sealing the rock mass around the mine shaft "Kosciuszko">. It was used during the monitoring of sealing the rock around the mine shaft "Kosciuszko", and now serves for periodic visual inspection. Due to the fact that ongoing work injection may lead to deformation of the shaft lining and reinforcement the system that allowed real-time monitoring of the shaft was built. The proce...

The periods with precipitations surplus represent a risk that usually has a local prevalence, unlike the periods with precipitations deficit, where the areal spread is large, and the onset and evolution are slow. The perception in the case of periods with pluviometric surplus is that of a major hydrological risk, because of the violent and progressive way of manifestation, while droughts are perceived as being less dangerous phenomena. Among the pluviometric parameters that visibly influence the precipitations reg...

The river monitoring activity from the territory of the Banat hydrographic space which is situated in south-western part of Romania started in the 19th century, when the achievement of drainage works were started, of great amplitude, in the subsidence area of the Western Field, where there several swamps and frequent floods took place, and when several hydrotechnical works were performed, based on studies and projects, for which several observations and hydrological measurement where necessary. The occurrence of t...

The paper presents a method for calculating and determining the environmental impact of the metallic material production in the specific shop of the machine building plant. Using mass balance equation, main pollutant emissions and by-products like CO, SO2, NOx, Heavy metal particles, slag, mud or volatile organic compounds were determined in the case of 1000 Kg steel, copper, aluminum and zinc production. Measurements were made with an original stand measuring emissions and by-products even in the work area operat...

Interior conditions in closed spaces (housing, offices, vehicles) were for a long period of time focused on the thermal comfort. With the awareness that people spend a good amount of time inside these spaces and with the increase in life quality, it was considered an additional problem the ensuring of a proper indoor breathable air quality (by limiting the concentrations of harmful released substances). It was demonstrated that the interior pollution of those spaces primarily depends on two factors: interior harmf...

The consumption of oil for human needs is increasing in the modern word. With that needs, it is important to use the conversion of the alternative sources of hydrocarbons. One of the promising sources of them is an oil shale. It is possible to convert this substance via pyrolysis or combustion. The possible degree of conversion of this remarkable biopolymer with the nature origin can reach 40%. Recently, thermal analysis techniques have been widely used for investigation of the oil shale oxidative and inert degrad...

This article aims to assess the actual possibilities of thermal degradation during the processing of the plastic and the mixed plastic waste. For these materials, it can be problematic to find utilization in some of the available recycling processes. These selected materials have been processed in the prototype unit for thermal degradation in the non-oxygen environment. This technological equipment is designed for continuous feeding of the input material, the retort is heated by flue gas from natural gas and the d...

Buildings account for significant energy consumptions in the global consumptions, according to the International Energy Agency. The path towards 2050 is that of nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB), a path that should change the way that buildings are designed in current practice. The design of a buildingпїЅs envelope is always focusing more on the heat transfer of top components (i.e. exterior walls, terraces, roofs) and less on the heat transfer in bottom components (i.e. floors on the ground, walls in contact wi...

A better energy efficiency of a building can be obtained by implementing passive and active energy efficient design strategies. The initial design phase starts with implementation of several passive strategies, i.e. strong thermally insulated building envelope, buildingпїЅs orientation, windows placement, and buildingпїЅs aspect ratio, window to wall ratio, use of thermal mass, natural lighting, shadings and other solutions. However, looking at how building are designed, built and operated nowadays, it can be obse...

Solar energy technologies have been in continuous development to cope with the increasing demand. Since the solar energy supply is variable in daytime and zero at night, a considerable amount of solar energy should be stored during the daytime to meet the demands at night. In any solar energy system, a storage unit is required because of the non-constant nature of solar energy; at certain times, only a very small amount of radiation or no radiation is received. This introduces the idea of using Phase Change Materi...

Growing energy demand, depleting fossil fuels resources as well as ecological concerns are the main rationales behind the research focused on broader utilization of biowaste, e.g. sewage sludge in energy systems. Gasification as an alternative to combustion offers increased efficiency, lower negative environmental impact and wider application range of the main product пїЅ synthesis gas пїЅ in power generation and chemical synthesis. It is also considered as one of the most viable options for hydrogen production, a...

In the present days the need of obtaining good and economical solutions for thermal insulation of the new and old buildings, it is compulsory. This fact leads to the need of developing new insulation materials all over the world. Such a new material it is tasted now in the west part of Romania, named Thermoconfort Plus B. The panels are made by polyurethane rigid foam combined with polyisocyanurate which is laid out between two sheets of vapour barrier material. The edges of the panel are factory manufactured to a...

Thymus alternans is a relatively new species for Romania, being first mentioned in Romanian flora in 2002. The species is quite similar to Thymus pulegioides L., shows hairy stems on opposite sides, alternating from one node to another, leaves are oblong elliptical, ciliate on margins, 2-4 pairs of lateral veins weak prominent and hairy calyx tube. The species grows in mountain meadows at low altitudes (500-1100 m). In this paper, the chemical variability of essential oils and also, their antimicrobial activity wa...

The section of highway between Prague and Brno represents the oldest and the busiest part of the highway network in the Czech Republic. The current technical state requires renovation and modernization. The total length of 201 km is divided into 21 sections. Works on all sections are gradually planned, introduced and implemented. Highway works are carried out with a few exceptions in full traffic but with lower speed limits, a limited number and width of lanes. Time work is organized in a one-shift operation, seve...

The present work shows some results obtained by the Time-Domain Electromagnetic Method (TDEM) to help characterize the geology and Penacova- RпїЅgua-Verin fault structure in the Vila Pouca de Aguiar sector. The Fault is an important tardi-variscan structure with NNE-SSW direction, more than 500 km long, extending from the North of Spain until near NazarпїЅ. The application of the TDEM method aimed to acquire data towards obtaining profiles of subsurface electrical resistivity in the zone affected by the fault and ...

Contemporary life is characterized by a state of continuous change and thatпїЅs why standard solutions are no longer the key to all problems. Like many other fields, architecture seeks new alternatives to overcome the challenges we are facing on daily basis. Sustainability is one of the many issues that concern us, trying to solve some of the problems that globalization generates. On this line, one of the directions is a definition of architecture as landscape: topographical architecture. Topographical architectur...

Nowadays, there are plenty of High Tatras maps interested in the problematic of toponym. They contain more or less detailed nomenclature of High Tatras, but lots of this maps are incomplete or they lack Polish or Slovak part of High Tatras. One of the biggest problems in each toponymal map is incomplicity and missing complexity of data. The second biggest problem is the huge amount of data in relatively small area. The paper aims with the creation of compact toponymal map of High Tatras, not only for the area of S...

The Russian poultry farms produce 10 million tons of litter and litter mass annually. These wastes are not disposed of properly, which leads to significant economic and environmental damage. Dry poultry waste can be used as a valuable fertilizer for seedbed preparation and spring fertilizing of winter crops. One of the major limitations for the direct application of organic waste in the soil is the presence of conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms, preserving viability and virulence for a long tim...

The aim of the article is to evaluate the Total Productive Maintenance method as a system of loss prevention in food industry and a set of proven techniques and solutions aimed at increasing the efficiency of machinery and equipment used in the production while taking into account environmental protection. It was found to be an improvement system of production increasing its productivity, efficiency and flexibility, basis of which is. The aim of the Total Productive Maintenance is the inclusion of all company empl...

Over the time, many plant oils and extracts have been reported to possess antimicrobial properties. Recently, those plants which have been used in traditional medicines as sources of disease healing are investigated for their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant effects and their chemical composition is being elucidated. The increasing interest regarding sustainable and environmentally friendly control of plant pathogens and consumer demand for natural products that are pesticide free means that quantitative ...

This article presents results of an interdisciplinary literature analysis in the field of the smart city environmental management information system. A survey is made of main environmental issues related to urban development processes. The required range of the system information and functionality is verified. It is also checked to what extent state-of-the-art ICT tools can assist in environmental management in smart cities. The analysis takes account of the latest pillars of development, such as the knowledge tra...

Paper deals with important aspects of organization and implementation of transport operations and transport processes between points of origin and points of consumption in order to meet requirements of GS1 standards to fulfill supply chain needs. Requirements for smart transport units are defined from point of view standards and logistic processes. Smart logistic unit is equipped by designed information unit (hardware, software and communication). This information unit processes raw data from logistic or transport...

Zeolites are solids (hydrated aluminosilicate minerals) consist of interlinked tetrahedra of alumina (AlO4) and silica (SiO4). Zeolites are minerals with three-dimensional crystal structure (open crystal structure) built from the elements previously mentioned (Al, Si, O2). They are very stable solid substances with exceptional properties пїЅ they resist of environmental conditions, they resist high pressures, they do not dissolve in water, they do not oxidize in the air. Zeolite structure пїЅ пїЅframework structur...

The main objective of the paper is to unfold a pattern for promoting sustainable development of the environment for local communities through gastronomy and ecotourism in Sibiu County, future European Region of Gastronomy in 2019. The motivation for the choice comes out of the wish to render profitable in a superior manner the huge gastronomical and ecotouristic potential of the areas mentioned. Now, Romanian tourism is being confronted with problems of infrastructure and image, and this is the reason why we consi...

A technical design with an economic and energy analysis of transforming an existing water weir built in 1920 to create point-of-use water for the technological needs of a local sugar factory. Since the closure of the sugar factory, the weir has only served to stabilize the river bed. Conceptual discussions were carried out and a technical solution was proposed to convert the regulatory weir into an energy facility. Because of the small catchment area of 175.5 km2, the energy potential of this facility is low - wit...