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Modern technology in the production of geodetic instruments and accessories needed for measuring basic quantities (distance and angle) has reached high level. In the filed of geometric levelling, colour layers are put on invar tapes very precisely with measuring uncertainty of 10–50 $\mu$m. These tapes present working scale on invar levelling staves. Using modern precise level (optical of digital) one can read the smallest detail on invar levelling staff with measuring uncertainty of 0.01 mm. Hence, it is obviou...

Since long term production scheduling deals with movement of ore and waste during the life of a mine, it has a significant effect on the cash flow of a mining operation. Therefore, mine planners often seek to optimize the production schedule with respect to a given criterion. The most commonly used criterion in long term scheduling optimization is to maximize net present value (NPV). The process involves sequencing of ore blocks or parcels to be mined in each period over the life of the mine subject to precedence ...

Mainly high-K, calc-alkaline, Late Miocene to Pliocene volcanic rocks cropped out of Konya area in Central Anatolia, Turkey. The volcanic rocks are predominantly andesitic to dacitic in composition and rarely basalt, basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite and pyroclastics. Mineralogic compositions, major, trace and REE element composition of the investigated rock samples was analyzed. Kaolinite, illite, Ca-montmorillonite, alunite, jarosite, minamiite and silica polymorphs were formed by widespread and intense...

The purpose of this article is to present methods and software tools to ensure an optimal decision process for controlling the greenhouse climate. The efficiency of plant production in greenhouses depends significantly on the adjustment of optimal climate growth conditions to achieve high yield at low expense, good quality and low environmental load. To achieve these goals several components (temperature, air humidity and CO2 concentration) must be controlled optimally given certain criteria through heating, venti...

The Estonian kukersite is the largest oil shale resource in the world used industrially today. The majority of mined oil shale is utilized for electricity and heat production. About 20\% of all of the oil shale extracted annually is used for retorting shale-oil and shale-gas, after which large amount of environmentally hazardous solid retort residue – semi-coke is left over. Production of 1 tonne of shale-oil is accompanied by almost 3 tonnes of semi-coke waste. During more than 80 years of operation over 110 mi...

Upper Paleozoic aged metamorphic rocks, which consist of micaschist, phyllite, metasandstone, marbles, meta dolomitic limestones were located at the basement. Upper Cretaceous ultrabasics have been overturned upon the Paleozoic metamorphic rocks. The Late Upper Cretaceous plutonic rocks are unconformably overlain by the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene volcanics, volcanism composed mainly tuffs and minor amount of volcanic breccia, agglomerate, trachyte and trachyandesitic lava flows and lacustrine volcano-sedimentary ...

Nowadays the importance of brown coal as a raw material is caused by growing needs of power in the Czech Republic. It namely concerns the only major domestic fossil raw material without which our country would become fully depended on the import of energy resources. Over 70\% brown coal reserves have been exploited in the North- Bohemian Basin today. Opencast mining of brown coal naturally led to vast landscape damages. Therefore reclamation work has acquired great significance. Brown coal is mined in four general...

The comparison of different types of line and boundary detectors is made. The appropriate modifications of procedures for processing of grey level or binary images are analysed. The accuracy and quality of contours generated from images with different resolution are estimated. Different procedures for line following and contour interpolation for structural description of vector information obtained from digital images are compared. The properties of these procedures are encountered and the criteria for choice of t...

The aim of this study is to elucidate the neotectonic characteristics of the \cCavuЕџcug\"ol graben. The Cavuscugol graben is 3-8 km wide 28 km long. It is a N-S trending actively evolving extensional structure containing infills of fluvial sediments of Pliocene- Quaternary age. The Cavuscugol graben is bounded on both sides by oblique-slip normal faults. These faults trend N-S and named as IlgД±n Fault on the west and Tekeler Fault on the east. The footwall side of the faults are composed of the pre-Late Cretaceo...

Performing a numerical analysis of water well drilling sector of Turkey was aimed in this study. Within this purpose, number of the machinery in equipment pool of the institutions and companies which are involved in the water well drilling, yearly drilling quantities, drilling equipment preferences and geological data of 2640 water well drilling boreholes opened in 73 provinces between the years of 1998 – 2006 and the results below have been reached: The Municipalities in Turkey meet 95 \% of their drinking wate...

Stress intensity factor is the one of most important parameters in rock fracture mechanics. In practice, this factor is commonly calculated by various numerical techniques such as finite element and boundary element methods. These methods encounter mesh-related difficulties in dealing with fracture mechanics problems. In this paper the Element Free Galerkin method based on the linear elastic fracture mechanics was used to determine tension-mode stress intensity factor in jointed rock medium using stress extrapolat...

Total variation (TV) minimization represents an example of a class of recently introduced image processing techniques that use partial differential equations. Total variation has been shown to be very successful in many image processing applications. The reason for using TV is that it has been shown to suppress noise effectively while capturing sharp edges. The aim of the study is to present some numerical results for the image reconstruction process by using a computational algorithm which incorporates the TV reg...

Stara Zagora is one of the biggest towns in Bulgaria located in the middle of the country. In the summer of 2004 two very high level SO2 pollution events happened there, leading to serious discontent among the population. Analogous events happened in 2005, too. An attempt for numerical study of one of these episodes – from 8 to 11 of July 2005 is the subject of the present paper. The Models-3 system was applied for simulation and analysis of the episode with a sequential downscaling to a horizontal resolution of...

Approximately 110x106 m3 of oil (100x106 tons) had been recovered from 38 fields in the Croatian part of the Pannonian basin during more than 60 years of exploitation (1941-2003). Based on their cumulative production, number of reservoirs, average porosity and permeability, obtained recovery and depositional characteristics of reservoir rocks, the Croatian hydrocarbon fields may be divided into three groups (oil), or four groups (gas) (Table 1, 2). In the period 1941-1990 the production started in 38 fields, 13 of...

Some studies of the MM5/CMAQ modeling system sensitivity to changes of the emissions of ozone precursors are presented in the paper. Tree domains were set over Europe with resolution 90-30-10 km. The most inner domain embraces entirely Romania, Bulgaria and Greece. MM5 was run over these domains for June 2000 with NCEP 1x1 degree Global Analysis data. MM5 was run on the external grids in a “two-way nesting” and over the finer grid in a “one-way nesting” mode. EMEP inventory grid data and its 16.67 km deseg...

Specific attention has been paid to methods of amelioration for exploration and increasing the efficiency due to importance of dimensional stones industry and its expanding position in non-petroleum export in Iran. Connected scientific management in this industry is essential for the growth of quality efficiency. In this study, one of the several points of view that should be entered in connected scientific management of quarry mines exploration is analyze. It is obvious that deep and lateral expansion of ruptures...

Defining the mineral potential of the sea floor could be handled by different methods, but the prerequisites for each methods is to clear the conditions of precipitation environment such as physico – chemical conditions and also it depends on the type of precipitant. The appearance of any mineral in the sea floor strongly depends on the aqueous environment and the physical prosperities of the mineral. In this article, first of all, I considered the physiographic regions of the sea floor in entire the world, an a...

The special geographical situation of Isfahan and its location in a depression as well as gathering pollutants in the air has turned Isfahan to one of the most polluted cities in Iran. In winter, Isfahan has the most pollutants in the air. In summer and autumn, it has a high level of pollutants. But in spring, the city has healthy air. The synoptic study of the air indicates that there is a high pressure center in Isfahan which is the result of the strengthening and spread of Siberia high pressure center and the s...

In the last few years has begun the development of dynamic web applications, often called Web2.0. From this development was created a technology of composite web application also called Mashups. Composite web applications may easily combine huge amounts of data sources and functionalities of existing as well as future web applications and services. Therefore, they are used to develop a new device, which offers new possibilities in information usage. Great advantage of this technology is lowering the cost for the s...

Smelting of hammerable iron and its treatment in Antiquity and Medieval produced also by-product: slag. Because of small yields of iron the process produced only small amounts of slag that did not attract attention of smelter concerning its possible use. The use of slag pieces was only accidental. The paper deals with the most important processes used for treatment of blast furnace and steelmaking slags and with the most important ways of their utilization. The method of recycling of steelmaking slags, that follow...

This report are containing results of the analyses about quality estimation of water at the 35 hydrological and hydro-geological nature monuments of the republic of Tatarstan, which was been investigated analytical methods. This is objects of hydrosphere, are having more ecology-pure water in comparison with other analogs in that region which is known as region having intensively developed structure of an oil-extracting complex. In this region are difficulty to execute the long-term forecast of dynamics of change ...

The most of the mineral raw materials mined out in the Slovak Republic need specific modifications, which are enabling for the next exploitations of raw materials in the other industries. This article provides description of the quartz sand, that are able to use as foundry or glass sand after proper modification. Of course, the sand is needed modify by the proper method, which could allow their use in melting, glass and in the other industry. In this article is provided short report of the most often exploited mod...

The increasing number of recent researches indicates that emotional intelligence is more important than IQ in many fields. In literature, many quantitative findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between academic achievement and emotional intelligence skills. In other words, analysis indicates that emotional intelligence skills can serve as a indicator of academic achievement and effective learning. The main focus of this research is to discuss the relationship between emotional intelligence ski...

The opportunities for integration of synchrotron radiation (SR) techniques in the Earth and Environmental sciences research together with Remote Access Services (RAS) and integrated Grid-based data processing tools are described. The successful implementation of the SR methods with Grid technology will provide new opportunities to the global science community. The possibility to perform precise measurements at different synchrotron beamlines through grid-embedded remote access instrumentation protocols based on hi...

The abandoned mining area Smoln\'\ik in Slovakia belongs to the old environmental loads because of acid mine drainage (AMD) production. Massive pyrite oxidation and free sulphuric acid production are the major reason of water acidification (pH about 2-4) and dissolving of heavy metals from metallic ores. This acid mine drainage (AMD) contents high metal concentrations that variable in dependence on rainfall intensity (e.g. Fe 500- 400 mg/l; Cu 3-1 mg/l; Zn 13-8 mg/l and Al 110-70 mg/l) and it can be transferred in...

Rockfalls are natural process of cliff and hillside erosion, can be simulated by the computer programs. They consist of large rock fragments from a cliff, or boulders from a slope that bounce, roll, and slide down a hillside and come to rest in a “runout” zone at or near its base. Rockfalls are a major hazard in rock cuts for highways and railways, and in mountainous terrain. Rockfalls are generally initiated by some climatic or biological event that causes a change in the forces acting on a rock. These events...

The introduction of positive-displacement steerable motors in directional drilling practice offers better directional control in comparison with earlier used directional drilling systems and makes directional drilling widely accepted technology. But some disadvantages of the technology as drilling the curved parts of the wellbores in sliding mode and hole cleaning connected problems, demand further development of directional drilling systems. That results in rotary steerable systems development introduced in the p...

The results of investigations in physical – chemical, bacteriological and thermodynamic characteristics of drinking water of wells, taken from some village in some primary school of Vushtrri Municipality are presented. Taking into consideration all important parameters we found they were within given limits , just temperature that is higher than given limits, so analysis of water samples for thermo tolerant faecal coli forms which are carried out by passing a measured quantity of water through sterile filter tol...

This study has for purpose to highlight and eliminate one from problems that influence negativity for the present and future of our environment. Today the environment is a big problem no only in Albania, but everywhere in world. It is very important to save our environment, because one clean environment will say healthy people, secure future.

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), resulted from the oxidation of sulphide-bearing rocks, is one of the most significant environmental challenges facing the mining industry worldwide. AMD impacts stream and river ecosystems by increasing acidity, depleting oxygen, and releasing heavy metals. They may occur during mining operations or long after a mine has been abandoned. Smoln\'\ik is an abandoned mine in the east of Slovakia that contribute AMD to rivers and streams. AMD from the Smoln\'\ik mine (shaft Pech), influences n...

The basement of the investigated area consists of Upper Permian – Upper cretaceous aged the Bolkardagi Group and several formations situated in the Bolkardagi Unit, tectonostratigraphic units of the Taurus, viz., Paleocene – Lower Eocene aged the G\"uneydağı formation, and Upper Paleocene – Eocene aged the Halkapınar formation. The limestone of the Guneydagı formation is observed as a basement rock in the area, and is overlied with angular unconformity by Miocene aged the Beykoyu formation, which is made...

The paper aims to point out the utilization of needed geofactors in land-use planning, which represent important limiting conditions for future activities in interest areas, especially in terms of construction of future structures. Through the departments of land-use planning or building offices, a developer or investor should be informed about significant limiting natural factors, which may affect the implementation of the future constructional work as well as the choice of the building lot. Those conditions natu...

Sb-mineralization had been exploited in many localities in Slovakia. Contamination of environment by Sb, As and other heavy metals is specific problem of Slovak mining regions. Natural background for groundwater in Slovakia was appointed to 1 $\mu$g/l for Sb and 5 $\mu$g/l. Two localities Poproc (in eastern part of Slovakia) and Dubrava (in The Low Tatras) are abandoned Mining areas where the stibnite ores had been exploited for many years. These areas represent high potential environmental risk because of transpo...

In this article I considered the design of a computer simulation model that approximates the exploration of a petroleum basin when exploration is conducted sequentially and according to geological hypothesis with costs and performance characteristics typical of an exploration firm. These features lead naturally to a model design in which a state of nature is created. The exploration firm initially has no knowledge of this state, only of hypothesis. In this model also, exploration decision are made according to pri...

The sintering and phase formation of glass press-powders, obtained after melting and re-melting of MSW bottom ash, were investigated by non-isothermal dilatometry and differential thermal analysis. Additionally, a series of composite materials, containing 20 vol \% corundum powders with different fraction size, were prepared and studied. The crystalline phases, formed at different temperatures, were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and the structure of glasses and final materials were observed by scanning electron m...

The work discuses three ceramic compositions containing no feldspars and based on 30, 50 and 70 wt \% Blast Furnace Slag (BFS), respectively, 30 \% kaolin and quartz sand. Initially, the processes of phase formation and densification were estimated using nonisothermal Differential Thermal Analysis and Dilatometry. After that, the degree of sintering at different temperatures and times was measured by linear shrinkage and water absorption. The phase composition and the structure of final materials were evaluated wi...

Interferometric analysis of Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) on the Advanced Land Observation Satellite (ALOS PALSAR) shows the spatial pattern of the deformation associated with the magnitude 6.8 Niigataken Chuetsu-oki Earthquake of 26th July, 2007. It reveals not only the large deformation near the source area of the earthquake, but also the local zonal uplift area with 1.5km-wide and 15km-long band along the anticline axis of active fold, on Nishiyama Hill at 15km east of the earthquake epicenter. We consider i...

This paper presents software implementation of the geo-database model of the Republic of Macedonia. Geo-database model is developed using the latest information technology, GIS, .NET and relational database. All phases of the software implementation are explained, starting from creating relational database TeРєton in SQL Server 2000, enabling geo-database TeРєton using SpatialWare 4.8 for entering spatial data, inserting vector maps into geo-database TeРєton to developing specialized applications (Desktop Tools an...

The utilisation of fly ash must be searched for because of its current production. One possibility of the use is at old mines liquidation, where the ash can be used as a consolidated filling material. The consolidated filling material consisting of conventional fly ashes consolidated by a hydraulic binding material is transported to a pit in a suitable slurry consistency which ensures the strength for definite pit sections up to 5 MPa. Common requirements on physico-mechanical qualities are the pressure strength m...

Clay sorbents from the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin represent important but still somewhat neglected accessory raw material. Submitted paper is concerned with relation between mineral structure, sorptive efficiency and reclamation exploitation of these rocks. Characters and localities of main clay sorbents from the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin are shortly evaluated in an introduction. In next part, methodology of mineralogy survey for these accessory raw materials is stated, it is based on diffract analyse w...

For opening of blocks No. 7 \& 8 of Golbini mine in Bauxite Jajarm region (Northern- Khorasan province, Iran) a tunnel is excavated with horse shoes shape with 800 m length. In this paper firstly, the tunnel section was modeled by FLAC2D software and secondly the stability analysis were studied. Then a composition of shotcrete and steel frame was offered. To reach an appropriate safety factor the shotcrete with 20 cm thickness which utilized with steel bars IPE-140, IPE-160 and IPE-180 established and amounts of s...

The objective is the study of filtering tissue permeability and the characterization by means of permeability tests, of the process of coal particles retention in breath protection filters. The porosity of a filter, defined as the ratio between the void volume inside its fibres and the total volume, is a static parameter that provides point source information about the initial conditions of the filtering tissue. When excessive deposition of particles on the fibres happens, there is an increase of resistance to the...

Environmental large-scale contamination in surrounding of abandoned Sb-deposits in Slovakia by toxic elements (Sb, As, Zn, Pb, Cu...) as result of long-time mining activity is still undiscovered field. Surroundings of abandoned antimony deposit Popro\vc bear high concentrations of toxic contaminants mainly of sulfide relative minerals. Pollution resulting from long-time mining activity was observed in area adjacent to adit Agnes showing Sb concentrations within values 4 700 – 10 000 mg.kg-1 and maximum As concen...

The Zbudza deposit is an important (major) deposit of halite within Slovakia but also Europe. It is possible establish that halite deposit Zbudza features attractive deposit about qualitative and quantitative aspect. It has important function on the part of selfsufficienty Slovak Republic in the production of salt and also in posse intersection to European trade. The economic effectiveness of financial investment is dependent from mining and process technology on the deposit. The investment efficiency is appreciat...

Limestone massif "Rgotina Rock" has, from a topographical point of view a remarkable, and from a mining point of view, a favourable position of occurrence. It extends in the form of a limestone reef, with the highest peak in its central part (top of Rgotina Rock). Mining has started in 1961. ”Kop 2”, in 1965. ”Kop 3” and in “Kop 5“ 1969. Mining, with changeable production volume and with occasional stopping of works, is in effect even today. Application of mineral raw material from this deposit, apart ...

Actual circumstances of the old storages are treated, created from the enrichment processes in the Trepca Flotation plant, Kishnica’s and Albanik (ex Leposavic) mines. According to the existing documentation there are dragged out more than 60m ton of rich minerals with Pb, Zn, Ag, Au, pyrite and other minerals from Trepca mines. This process was developed in the flotation plants of Stanterg, Kishnica and Albanik mines, achieved in a dispersive complex, as well as during the physical-chemical process. The separat...

We introduce an example of a detailed study of soil texture and geochemistry with the aim of designing appropriate soil washing systems. Concretely, we have studied soils affected by the mining works of “Los Rueldos” (Asturias, Spain). After an initial characterization, composite, representative samples were taken and ICP-MS analysis was carried out. Results showed very high concentrations of As, and significant presence of heavy metals such Hg, Pb and Zn specially in silt-clay fractions obtained after wet sie...

This paper presents the results of ground vibration measurements and environmental issues occurred on tunnel blasting activities during KavacД±k-Beykoz waste water tunnel construction under a residential area in Istanbul, Turkey. Within the scope of the study, the blasting pattern of tunnel was engineered by using Tunnel 2000 design software. 5 events in 5 shots at S2 shaft tunnels, , 6 events in 6 shots at S4 shaft tunnels, , 32 events in 32 shots at S6-shaft tunnels and, 7 events in 7 shots at S7 shaft tunnels w...

The decolorization of C.I. Reactive Orange 36 (RO 36) by using Fenton-like process (Fe0/H2O2) was studied. Batch experiments were carried out for investigation of optimum operational conditions such as pH, H2O2 and Fe0 (iron powder) dosages. The results show that Fenton-like process is an efficient process to remove color from synthetic textile wastewater including RO 36 and polyvynil alcohol (PVA). The optimal conditions were experimentally determined and it was found to be initial pH = 3, [H2O2] = 50 mg/L, [Fe0]...

The demands existing at the European Union level impose a new approach of the problems concerning the mining exploitation from the point of view of the effects and pressure exerted by them over the environment and of all the consequences of the socioeconomic development. Starting from the strategic objectives imposed by the European programmes at the environment-protection level, corroborated with the rather slow rhythm of reform of the Romanian mining industry determined by the delay concerning the achievement, i...