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The paper considers the state of the vegetation cover of the high-mountain valley of Kok Jailau, which is located in the central part of the Ile (Zailiyskiy) Alatau Ridge (Northern Tien Shan). The results of the study showed a different degree of anthropogenic transformation of the vegetation cover. It is noted that in the natural (background) state the vegetation cover was preserved only in hard-to-reach areas, mainly in the upper part of the mountains (on steep slopes of the Kumbel Ridge, river valleys, etc.). T...

Within the outlines of work, based on foreign and Russian experience, the urgency of introducing small-scale generations into the real sector of the economy, including mini- thermoelectric plant (mini-TEPs) is stipulated. The main indicators that characterize the efficiency of power plants are provided. The basic techno-economic parameters of power plants, such as specific capital investments for the construction, the cost of electricity and heat, specific estimated operating costs and others, are analysed. Separa...

Fa?ade, as an external finishing of a building, gives the building its original character, obtained due to the choice from variety of forms and freedom in shaping. The decision to use a particular fa?ade system depends on the type of the object, the investor's requirements and financial possibilities, and the designer's creativity. This paper?s aim is to present the procedure of analysis that leads to a choice of the fa fa?ade system for a public building, including criteria such as: cost, technical parameters, ae...

Global deterioration of surface water quality was attributed to a pair of factors: human activities and natural processes, including hydrological variability, climate change, weather characteristics, and adjacent land use. The study of water quality in the contemporary era is a current issue. This paper presents an analysis of the variability of water quality parameters in a study developed on 4 years. In a number of 5 monitoring points, 18 water status parameters were monitored. Primary statistic methods were use...

The European Directive 31/2010 for the energy performance of buildings imposed two distinct deadlines for the new buildings stock, one being that all public buildings must be nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) starting with 31 December 2018 and the other is that all new buildings must be nZEB starting from 31 December 2020. Thus, a thoroughly design must be considered in obtaining such low energy consumptions at buildings. In the design stage, a time consuming activity is that of modeling and simulating thermal w...

Rice is an important source of nutrition as well as food supplies for massive food industry, retail, home consumption, animal feedstock and other uses. The quality of the grown agricultural foods is fragile and dependent on many external and internal factors, e.g., influenced by environmental factors of which one of the most important is mineral nutrition via fertilizers, natural soil structure, texture and mineral contents, micro- and micrometeorological, hidrological factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate...

This work focuses on the extraction, the physic-chemical characterization, chromatographic analysis and the study of biological activities antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory pumpkin seeds Cucurbita moschata family Cucurbitaceae. Harvested area Lakhdaria in Bouira. The extraction of fatty substance by two methods with cold maceration and Soxhlet, it gives the best yield (41.61 %), the study of physic-chemical parameters has a refractive index (1.48), acid value (0.56 %) and iodine (180.6 g\100 g). And chromatograp...

The purpose of the paper is to obtain a new composite material based on chemically functionalized nanoparticles dispersed in plastomer matrix. The dispersion of the TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles (filler) in a plastomer matrix (polyvinyl chloride-PVC) leads to a high-performance polymeric material with multi-functional, antibacterial, and plastomer-specific processing properties. The materials are suitable for biomedical and food industry applications and will be tested in terms of long-term stability, and antimicrobia...

Blast furnace slag (BFS) is used for preparation of common cements, sulfate-resisting and chemical-resisting cements and cement mortars. Using BFS as a concrete or mortar addition results in several advantageous properties such as high resistance to acid attack (sulphuric, nitric acids), low chloride permeability, high durability and low capillary porosity. Because of these properties using BFS in cement composites can decrease the effect of biodegradation induced by various microorganisms. Bio-corrosion is caused...

The production of food waste covers all the food life cycle: from agriculture, up to industrial manufacturing and processing, retail and household consumption. Increasingly, industrial ecology concepts such as cradle to cradle and circular economy are considered leading principle for eco-innovation, aiming at ?zero waste economy? in which waste is used as raw material for new products and applications. The large amount of waste produced by the food industry, in addition to being a great loss of valuable materials,...

The production of food waste covers all the food life cycle: from agriculture, up to industrial manufacturing and processing, retail and household consumption. Increasingly, industrial ecology concepts such as cradle to cradle and circular economy are considered leading principle for eco-innovation, aiming at ?zero waste economy? in which waste is used as raw material for new products and applications. The large amount of waste produced by the food industry, in addition to being a great loss of valuable materials,...

The paper focuses on the results of mathematical modeling aimed to prove the possibility of application aluminum casing for Pulse Neutron Logging (PNL) tool. The simulation was carried out by the Monte Carlo method. A number of time decays for aluminum and steel cased PNL apparatus were calculated for carbonate rocks with different porosity. The model is represented by a rock with a 216 mm diameter well. 146 mm diameter steel column is cased in the well and has filled with fresh water inside. The PNL device is loc...

Neural network method is used to solve complex modeling problems such as classification, estimation and pattern recognition. There are two main categories of ANNs which can be applied whether in regression or classification: the supervised and the unsupervised. In supervised model, all the data is labeled and the network is learned to predict the output values from the input data as previous experimental. In unsupervised model, all the data is unlabeled and the network is learned to inherent structure from the inp...

One of the certificates that characterizes ecological landscape changeability is fractal dimension. According to Environmental Protection Agency, the dynamics and vectors of those changes can be determined in three-dimensional space where fractal dimension makes one of the axes. Entropy can be regarded as another measurement of changeability (chaos). Application of such measurement of landscape changeability as comparative patterns of land cover is the subject matter of the paper. A fragment of a vertical color ph...

The precipitation survey by modern techniques helps calculate the amount of rainfall in the catchment and save it in a digital format. This paper proposes the development of a GIS methodology for determining the input data or parameters needed for modelling the rain-drainage process in order to anticipate the amount of available leakage water and the integration of slopes leakage to estimate the magnitude of rapid floods that may occur. The data obtained from the rain-gauge stations in the Uz catchment are used in...

The Ogosta Valley downstream the town of Chiprovtsi, NW Bulgaria, was subject to long-lasting contamination with arsenic and other toxic elements due to mining and ore-processing activities in the second half of the last century. Although the exploitation of lead-silver and iron ores was ceased in the end of the 90`s, the soil in particular sections of the Ogosta?s river floodplain remained highly contaminated with arsenic, lead and other heavy metals. Arsenic mobilization and transport in the vadose zone is highl...

Methods of parasite structures visualization using fluorescent probes are widely used in nowadays. The technological utilization of benzanthrone dyes is growing, but in biology studies they are still rarely used. Our studies show the advisability/expediency of using these dyes in investigation of helminthes structures. The aim of present study was to evaluate the novel synthesized luminophore AZP5 for efficient staining of trematodes for confocal laser scanning microscopy. All helminthes were previously preserved ...

Methods of parasite structures visualization using fluorescent probes are widely used in nowadays. The technological utilization of benzanthrone dyes is growing, but in biology studies they are still rarely used. Our studies show the advisability/expediency of using these dyes in investigation of helminthes structures. The aim of present study was to evaluate the novel synthesized luminophore AZP5 for efficient staining of trematodes for confocal laser scanning microscopy. All helminthes were previously preserved ...

Testing of synthesized magnetically separable catalyst (Pd-Fe3O4/HPS) was carried out in the selective hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol to corresponding olefinic alcohol and also in the Suzuki cross-coupling of 4-bromoanisole and phenylboronic acid in a shaker-type glass batch reactor. In the case of selective hydrogenation, the use of Pd-Fe3O4/HPS was found to result in 94% selectivity at 95% of the substrate conversion that is typical for preliminarily reduced Pd/HPS catalysts. Regarding to the Suzuki reac...

Aqueous-dispersion acrylate compositions with different contents of silica nanoparticles (NP) were prepared, which allowed to obtain top transparent coatings with improved abrasion resistance. The nanoscale silica used in the work was obtained by a gas-phase method using high-frequency induction discharge (HFI) in the air atmosphere. The average size of silica nanoparticles measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser scattering was 23.5 nm. TEM photos of silica nanoparticles showed that silica was...

Sources that contain data about tourism in Bulgaria are both structured and unstructured. Information from these xls and pdf files is organised in a created relational database. The database stores time series on tourism flow (trips of Bulgarian residents abroad and foreign tourists to Bulgaria), expenditure of outbound tourists, revenues from international tourism and employment in tourism. This article studies time series on trips of Bulgarian residents abroad (outbound tourists) by country of destination and by...

Porosity belongs to basic characteristics of building materials. It is a characteristic of solid or semi-rigid materials, which contain a lot of tiny and uniformly distributed cavities or holes of various shape and origin. Porosity decreases specific weight of materials, increases their insulation and other characteristics ? for example absorbability. It is defined as a ratio of pores volume in a specific amount of solid and the total volume of this amount. In the article the use of the modern confocal scanning mi...

The aerial survey results have shown a number of benefits of aerial survey if compared to ground survey. Unmanned aerial vehicle can be effectively used in surveying works in opencasts. At the same time, this technology allows to improve accuracy, safety and effectiveness of surveying works as well as reduce costs and labor effort. The surveying department and industrial engineers of JSC SUEK for surveying works in open pits have applied the unmanned aerial vehicles. As the result, labor productivity increased sig...

The paper deals with the application of the pulse tomography Arbotom as a support decision tool for management of hardwood floodplain forest in the Czech Republic. The method of acoustic wood tomography is based on the finding that intact wood conducts sound faster than damaged wood with defects. Tomograph measures the time which takes a mechanical pulse (an acoustic wave) to pass the distance between sensors placed on the tree trunk. The evaluation of the trunk measurements in two-dimensional tomograms then shows...

This study presents the investigations above the massive masonry elements in order to analyze the long term behavior for the patrimony buildings subjected to the environmental factors and the strong seismic movements occurring during their lifetime. Although the patrimony buildings was structural rehabilitated after the major earthquakes occurred during its lifetime, the cracks in foundations were neglected. One of the causes of degradation is the capillarity of the soil water through these cracks. Excess water ac...

Further development of digital economy requires researching the limits of some algorithms applicability. These algorithms are based on the mechanisms obtained as a result of investigating the processes of ?alive? nature. Such algorithms were called the bio-inspired algorithms and are widely used in practice, for example, for solving the problems of multi-agent systems coordinated control. Application of coordinate descent, a type of gradient method ? extends the description of the existing shepherd dog algorithm. ...

The article considers modern operating systems for increasing energy efficiency at the municipal and regional levels. Present successfully applied practices in other regions are given. The essential distinctive features of the proposed system for the Belgorod region are revealed. Described, developed methods and algorithms for managing energy con-servation in the budget sector. The structure of complex interaction of the developed modules used in the created software component is offered. The regional and municipa...

The documents of the general cadastre may result from the centralized and selective take over of the data and all the cadastral records from the specialized cadastre, regarding the immovable assets that are their object of activity. These selectively taken elements use to update the general cadastre after the end of its introduction into an administrative territory. One of the main steps for completing the general cadastre is the realization of the real estate cadastre. This article presents the way in which the d...

The research carried out in the present paper aimed at monitoring and evaluating the technological process of obtaining the ecological cheese type ?PETROVA?, in the Maramures county area, Romania. To achieve this raw milk originating from domestic producers was evaluated in terms of fat content, acidity and density of this. After the final ecological cheese type product has been obtained, analyzes have been made for it?s physicochemical evaluation as follows: water content analysis, fat content analysis, salt cont...

The research carried out in the present paper aimed at monitoring and evaluating the technological process of obtaining the ecological cheese type ?PETROVA?, in the Maramures county area, Romania. To achieve this raw milk originating from domestic producers was evaluated in terms of fat content, acidity and density of this. After the final ecological cheese type product has been obtained, analyzes have been made for it?s physicochemical evaluation as follows: water content analysis, fat content analysis, salt cont...

The research carried out in this paper aimed to evaluate five types of beer throughout the technological flow of their production. The technological flow of producing the five types of beer has been monitored at all stages of it, starting with beer must, beer before filtering, BBT beer and bottled beer. To achieve this goal, the following physicochemical analyzes were carried out: color analysis expressed in EBC units, pH analysis, determination of bitter substances expressed in units of B.U. All the results obtai...

The research carried out in this paper aimed to evaluate five types of beer throughout the technological flow of their production. The technological flow of producing the five types of beer has been monitored at all stages of it, starting with beer must, beer before filtering, BBT beer and bottled beer. To achieve this goal, the following physicochemical analyzes were carried out: color analysis expressed in EBC units, pH analysis, determination of bitter substances expressed in units of B.U. All the results obtai...

Underground hard coal exploitation leads to the formation of granular porous media. These media occur both in the underground parts of mines and on the surface. In the underground areas, these are the caving goaves of longwalls and the caved-in roof rocks in active mine headings. On the surface, these are most commonly the post-mining waste dumps. In both of these cases, a crucial role is played by the knowledge on the resistance of air and gases flowing through these media. In the case of underground exploitation...

In Romania, most agricultural farms are subsistence farms and have to face two major problems: lack of capital and impossibility to sell their own production on the market. In the farm production costs, a significant share is represented by the fuel costs (Diesel oil); that is why the authors of this paper evaluated the possibility to lower the costs on the agricultural farms by producing biofuels for the farm own needs. The research work took place at the Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary M...

Ecological state of the Lower Section of the Dnieper River was estimated by method of calculation of integrated index on the basis of monitoring over the years 2013?2016. Self-purification potential and capability of restoration in time and space (along the river stream) of the aquatic ecosystem of the lower section of the Dnieper River was established. The method for assessing the quality of surface water by hydrochemical parameters in accordance with the fishery standards as the most sensitive to changes of the ...

The issue of minimizing the negative impacts of industrial enterprises on the different components of the environment is becoming an increasingly discussed topic in many expert and scientific forums. Despite the fact, that large industrial enterprises are trying to comply with applicable legal standards, using of modern technologies and preventative measures to prevent the occurrence of emergency events, it is not possible to completely exclude the occurrence of these emergency events and their negative consequenc...

Packaging waste are one of fastest growing waste streams. Trends in waste generation show an increase in the volumes of waste produced in most countries and it is clear that the trend will continue. Currently, the management of packaging waste represents a major economic and environmental issue throughout the world. Therefore, the proper management, treatment and disposal of packaging waste becomes a pressing problem and a major environmental concern. Due to the fact that, the amount of generated packaging waste, ...

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are found almost in all components of the environment, where they originate from the production of energy, waste combustion, road transport, metallurgical processes, etc. The most serious impact of PAHs is their carcinogenicity, the main cause of lung gastrointestinal tract cancer, and in the event of a skin contact, they may cause skin cancer. The paper presents the results of the 2002 and 2013 soil monitoring in urban areas. The samples were taken from the layer under the permane...

The importance of developing educational activities in a clean environment is a major requirement and necessity from the perspective of providing optimal conditions for stimulating creativity and personal development. Thus, the need for a clean area in terms of urban pollution requires a profound understanding of environmental factors (soil, noise) with significant impact on both the population and the environment. As such, we have proposed to carry out specific pollution analyzes that could be found in the ?tiin?...

Plants do not grow axenically in nature, but host a diverse community of microorganisms, termed as plant microbiota, colonizing different niches, both inside and outside their tissues, in the endosphere and ectosphere, respectively. These microorganisms are involved in major physiological processes, such as plant nutrition and plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. The aim of the research was to investigate the normal microbiota of rare plant species (listed with different degrees of danger in the ...

Plants do not grow axenically in nature, but host a diverse community of microorganisms, termed as plant microbiota, colonizing different niches, both inside and outside their tissues, in the endosphere and ectosphere, respectively. These microorganisms are involved in major physiological processes, such as plant nutrition and plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. The aim of the research was to investigate the normal microbiota of rare plant species (listed with different degrees of danger in the ...

The snow cover is a climatic element, which exerts significant influence on the energy balance and the water circle of the Earth. The exact description of its characteristics is important in each meteorological, climate, hydrological and surface models and especially when assessing the snow water equivalent (SWE) and the threats which it poses. Snow accumulated in the mountain regions from early autumn to late spring is an important water resource, feeding lakes, rivers, reservoirs, groundwater and hydro-electric ...

The research aim is to identify the effect of a surface forest fire on the productivity and viability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in a 23-year-old stand. The research was done two years after a surface fire that occurred in 2015 in a 20-year-old stand, establishing sample plots both in the area subject to the fire and the fire-undamaged area as well as in a pine stand of identical age that had not suffered from a forest fire. The research measured the dendrometric characteristics of trees (height, diameter...

There is environmental quality as a one of the factors determining the quality of life in EU countries. EU countries use a combination of different tools of economic policy to ensure environmental (as well as economic) quality. However, environmental protection cannot be implemented without financial support. The most important tools of economic policy, already traditional used, are economic tools, which could improve the quality of the environment and quality of life. Environmental protection has become a part of...

The paper examines the exposure of mountain creeks towards illegal waste disposal practices related to the lack of waste collection services in rural areas of Romania prior to EU accession and the low waste collection efficiency following the closure of rural wild dumps in 2009-2010. The paper estimates the amounts of household waste uncollected and disposed in selected small Carpathian rivers in the North-East development region. The expansion of built-up areas along the water courses leads to waste dumping pract...

Occupational health and safety is an important work discipline that must be included in the working life. Especially, developed countries have been able to place this discipline in working life, while developing countries have still problems. These problems take place both in terms of legislation and practice. The situation is similar to that of developing countries, in Turkey. The construction sector is in line with the development status of a country. The construction sector contributes both directly and indirec...

The main objective of the paper is to conduct a research on the applicability of the Augmented reality (AR) and Virtual reality (VR) in disaster preparedness training for society resilience. In recent years, worldwide and in Bulgaria there has been an increase in the number and intensity of natural disasters. There is an increase in the adverse effects of disasters on people's lives, social relations, economic growth and sustainable development. Prevention and reduction of risk is required. It is necessary for soc...

This paper addresses an analysis on atmospheric pollution done by road vehicles. The substance emitted by vehicles that are present in the air, depending on their quantity and concentration, affects our health, generates discomfort and alters the environment. Global warming, or the greenhouse effect, since a certain period of time, is increasing from year to year. The recent increasing in registrations of vehicles which work on conventional fuels from the past few years (diesel oil, petrol) have led to a worrisome...

Research was performed on the application of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data for the assessment of land use and land cover (LULC) changes, especially for the monitoring of land abandonment and increase of forest succession area. An automated method was developed based on the raster product of ALS data processing, leading to a normalized digital surface model (nDSM). In parallel, a manual vectorization orthophotomap analysis and spatial analyses based on the official cadastral data were performed, for comparison...

Autostereoscopy is a method for effective visualization of three-dimensional models with the help of ordinary imaging techniques. It allows achieving the 3D object observation without the need for special goggles, displays or other equipment. The Method itself is using rapidly alternating images of given object taken from defined angles, mimicking the position of the human eyes. Such animation induces a sense of depth. Autostereoscopy can be applied to a static image or even dynamic video materials. Firstly, we ha...