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The tectonics of the Turkey is dominated by the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates. In this collision, the Bitlis Zagros Suture Zone is the most prominent tectonic structure. There exist metamorphics of the accretionary prism. Tectonic forces of the study area can be effective on thermal structure and mantle flow. Particularly in such areas, the magnetic anomaly is imposed by the thermal zone. For this purpose in this study, by investigating aeromagnetic anomaly of the Bitlis Zagros Suture Zone, we ...

In this study, simulation modelling of insulation layer (di), for residential buildings in 81 cities classified into four climatic regions in Turkey was. This stimulus model is constructed into Rule-Based Mamdani-Type Fuzzy Modelling (RBMTF) using input parameters (Uw, Te,Met, Te,TSE, Rwt, qTSE) and output parameter di described by RBMTF if-then rules. RBMTF has been designed using the MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox.

Landscape fragmentation, a process where biotopes are separated into different parts by a creation of a barrier, is a key issue of landscape ecology nowadays. Separated landscape patches gradually lose their potential to fulfil their original function. There is general effort to develop universal model or set of indicators for fragmentation measurement. In the CR we carried out research project “Integration of landscape fragmentation issue into the decision-making processes” leading by the Ministry of by the Minis...

The solid snow cover sediments were investigated by X-ray electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) with the aim of geochemical monitoring in Lake Baikal Region. The detailed study on the micron level of phase and chemical composition variations of solid sediments from monitoring profile at different degree of anthropogenic stress allows identification of basic pollution sources and evaluation of their influence on the environment of the region. Thus, the data of investigation of snow cover, as indicator towards the cha...

Today, application of contemporary methods for geological data processing is unavoidable part of geological studies. Thereupon, the geological studies of the variety of different problems that they must be solved are done by a rule – definite method which complies with the designing stages. This paper presents a methodology developed to process geological information in this context. The aims of this methodology are comprehensive data description, effective data validation and easier model updates. Thus, special a...

The paper deals with the concept of Global Pollution Index – GPI – and the algorithm developed in order to compute the GPI so this become a versatile tool for assessing the environmental evolution during the reclamation process of a damaged area. GPI is also a proper comparing tool between the environmental qualities from various areas. An apply example of GPI conclude the paper.

The increasing of life quality of population and the environmental protection through the achievement of “good water situation” is one of primary tasks resulting from the Directive on Water No. 2000/60/EC of the European parliament and the Council. To accomplish the conditions and to achieve the European standards in the area of drinking water supply and disposal with municipal wastewater, Slovakia can use the finances from European Union since 2000. The article discusses the ways and organization of municipal was...

This paper aims to reflect some concerns regarding the waste management and to highlight its peculiarities. Waste management methods differ depending on the degree of development of a country, the type of area (rural, urban, industrial, residential) and the type of waste. Wastes covered by this article are non-hazardous and hazardous municipal waste (household and similar waste from commerce, industry and institutions), in addition with several other specific waste streams: packaging waste, construction and demoli...

Alternative toxicological tests (microbiotests) are those that reduce the number of animals in a toxicity test, refine procedures to make them less painful or stressful, replace animals with non-animal systems, or replace one animal species with another that is lower on the phylogenetic scale. A number of useful alternative methods have been developed and accepted for the evaluation of the potential toxic effects of chemicals products and environment samples. The literature analysis concerning the use of microbiot...

The main problem of restoration of localities of the North Bohemian Brown Coal Basin is the occurrence of overburden rocks from the series of rocks of coal seams. Representative example of these localities is the Strimice dump. This report briefly summarises the history of reclamation of this dump. Main attention is devoted to the result of application of fertilizable rocks and to the results of the research of the area retained for natural succession.

The risk assessment approach for the establishments concerned by the Seveso II Directive requirements can be grounded on the determination and the aggregation of 3 indexes: the gravity index, the propagation flow index and the vulnerability index. Based on the national and EU legal requirements concerning the prevention and control of major accident hazards involving dangerous substances, the paper has as main goal to present an expeditious methodology for gravity index determination as a function of the dangerous...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been known as human risk factors in urban environments, as well as primary contributors to the formation of photochemical oxidants.These compounds are a major component of atmospheric pollutants in Konya, that is a large city in Turkey. This study assessed the concentrations of seven volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including Ethylbenzene, m/p xylene, styrene , o- xylene, 1,3,5 Trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4 Trimethylbenzene and 1,2,3 Trimethylbenzene, in Konya/Turkey during the p...

Three sour cherries cultivars, Marela, Oblacinska and Cigancica, collected from a south Serbia were evaluated and compered for their content of heavy metals. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is widely recognized as a suitable technique for the determination of heavly metals. The content od Cd and Pb are in intervale 0.066-0.399 and 3.466-7.199 $\mu$g/100g fresh weight of sour cherry.

An information retrieval technique that could be used successfully in the E-Learning domain is provided in this article. The described system is based on a relevancefeedback scheme. It retrieves relevant documents from an information database, those documents being useful in the learning process. The proposed system is an interactive one, the human user being involved in the retrieving process.

Brief Development of tunnel would be partially through flotation tailing dump and partially through rock massif. Krivelj`s river stream would be regulated by new tunnel, because the old manifold could be destructed. Project No. 17004 (2008-2010) Ministry of Science and Technology Development explored all aspects of the environment in which the new tunnel is designed (primarily engineering-geological, hydrogeological and petrology features).

Ecological awareness today is necessary in the last decade, the nature is degraded as a result of over-using resource for completely the fulfillment. Macedonia is aspiring to become an EU member state and in this aspect environment requirements have to fulfilled. The ratification of international environmental conventions and their incorporation in Macedonian legislation will help to have better place to live. In this pare work ecological awareness is analyze in the Environment Laws, an another point of view, how ...

The oil and gas platform is a both structures and equipment. The life of offshore platforms included different phases like: design, construction, commissioning, operation, maintenance, decommissioning and disposal. Each one of these actions may originate project and or specific activity. The jobs of platform for every activities, is in a different period ands and different operator. This paper, provide information by the life and operation of offshore platforms, based to the optimization of engineering and economi...

As it is well-known, deceptive advertising has effects on consumer behaviors. This deceptive advertising ads are misleading the consumer perceptions by using demographic characteristics of consumers. They show behavioral differences that have been revealed in various literature researches. The internet and other technological tools can be used to convince the consumers. Young consumers compares competing products or services, investigate them in detail, and then intend to buy them. This research is based on the wa...

The aim of the present research work is to investigate the possibility of adding a mixture of non-granulated blast furnace slag (NGBFS) and steel slag, two wastes resulting from metallurgical industry which underwent calcinations previously, in the raw meal for the production of Portland eco-cement clinker. For this purpose, the NGBFS and steel slag from ArcelorMitall Steel Galati were analyzed for chemical, mineralogical and heavy metals contents. Two samples of raw mixes were prepared, one with typically raw mat...

One of the oldest geographical regions in Romania, the subcarpathian zone situated between the Ialomita and Prahova rivers, having important natural resources, has generated a geodemographical evolution of the human settlements different from other areas in the country, especially with the help of economical development. Starting from the 18th century until the second half of the 20th century, accented economical initiatives are observed. These are related to the exploitation and processing of oil resources, the e...

For many years, natural disasters were perceived as unavoidable strokes of misfortune brought about by nature’s unpredictable forces. Taking into consideration the magnitude of the tsunami in Asia in 2004, the heavy floods in Mozambique in 2000, and Hurricane Mitch in Central America in 1998, we can see that developing countries are the most victims of such events, mostly due to their limited capacities and resources to mitigate disasters. On another hand is quite visible the efforts that are put on places both to...

In this study, the relationship between ground vibration, particle size distribution and energy distribution caused by blasting were investigated. For this purpose, ground vibrations were measured by using ground vibration monitors, Seismic Energies were calculated according to ground vibrations and particle size distribution were analyzed by using Split Desktop software. After these measurements and simulation, The relationship between PPV and SD which is the most widely used relationship in literature to predict...

The aim of this work is the optimization of sinter-crystallization regime of a glassceramic from a municipal solid waste incineratior (MSWI) bottom ash. The parent waste was melted at 1400oC, milled below 75 $\mu$m and the obtained glass powders were pressed at 100 MPa. The optimal temperature for sinter-crystallization was estimated by DTA, dilatometry and XRD. Subsequently, the degrees of sintering, obtained at different heating rates (between 2 and 40oC/min) and 1 h step at 950oC were estimated by the linear sh...

Extremely fast and dynamic changes in space require efficient and appropriate recordkeeping of these. Records of spatial data without a time component give insight into data at a current moment and in their current condition in the field or records. By adding the time component (4th dimension) to spatial data, an additional function of spatial database is enabled. Spatial database becomes a spatio-temporal database and it is possible to send queries to the base which result in a set of data at a certain time momen...

The mineralogical analysis is a highly effective method of prospecting diamond-hosting rocks. The main goal of investigating kimberlites rocks, the primary source of diamonds, is to examine the mineral composition of kimberlites. The microprobe analysis is currently the principal method to define the compositions of megacryst minerals from kimberlite rocks. In addition, determination of the groundmass mineral composition is important for evaluating the diamond potential of kimberlites. This paper presents results ...

In this paper we report the experimental measurements of Vp-Vs on Triassic marble samples that are Mugla White and Aubergine from Mugla region. The measurements of P-S wave velocities were performed at room temperature and high confining pressure up to 300 MPa in a heard type pressure vessel at ETH Zurich using the pulse transmission technique on 26 mm diameter cores. The white Mugla marble was isotropic and displayed Vp of 6.86 km/s and Vs of 4.34 km/s at 300 MPa confining pressure. The Aubergine marble from Mugl...

Bond-Order Conservation-Morse Potential (BOC-MP) method is used in order to carry out the calculation. One of the best catalysts for methanol synthesis in catalytic reduction of CO2 with H2O is Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 whose surface is supported by with some amount of Pd or Ga. Reduction of CO2 with H2O on Cu will result in methanol formation; while on Ni will lead to methane formation. In the mechanism of methanol synthesis from CO2+ H2O on Cu, the formate (HCOO) hydrogenation step is ratedetermining step and in the mechanis...

Uricani is one of the few active remaining collieries from Jiu Valley, in the Meridional Carpathian Mountains. The paper deals with the stages involved in the process of computerized design of the waste dump and the various overpassed obstacles in order to gain all the necessary information available from different sources. The advantages of this approach of waste dump design conclude the paper.

Partial decomposition of an organic compound can lead to the formation of products, which are more toxic than the parent compound. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are transformed into metabolites of lesser molecular weight in ozone application Toxicity assessments of both organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and their ozonation byproducts (OPPs-oxons) are necessary for safety consideration of ozonation treatment. The widespread use of OPPs, such as chlorpyrifos and diazinon for pest control in urban and rural env...

THMs in disinfection by products are especially important because of their potential carcinogenity. In this work two different liquid-phase microextraction methods namely US EPA 551 microextraction method and German DIN 38407 standard method were compared for the determination of trihalomethanes (THMs) including chloroform (CHCl3), bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl2), dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl) and bromoform (CHBr3) in water samples was developed, with analysis by gas chromatographyelectron capture detection (GC-EC...

Mineralogical composition of mining wastes deposited in voluminous tailing impoundments around the world is the key factor that controls retention and release of pollutants. Here we report geochemical and mineralogical investigation of one tailing impoundment from Slovakia. Ore deposit Rudňany was exploited from the end of 19th century and at 1963 the ore started to be extracted by flotation process (barite, siderite and sulfides). Waste after flotation was deposited into one tailing impoundment, which carries app...

The Yarpuz (Kakliktas) bauxite deposit is located in Antalya region southern Turkey; 35 km to the south of Seydisehir and 180 km to the north of Antalya. It is one of the bauxite deposits with the highest silica modulus (Al2O3\%60.26 /SiO2\%1.74=34.63) outcropping in the Central Taurus Mountains. The Upper Cretaceous Katrangedigi formation forms the basement and, comprises carbonate rocks. The bauxites were deposited in the paleo-karstic depressions developed at the upper part of the Katrangediği carbonate and, wa...

Operation research is scientific system discipline, that at the same time ranking to the praxeology disciplines – science about rational organization of human activity, applied to the area of management in the economy and in the other areas (research, health care, transport, schools, state administration, urbanism, cosmic research, army, etc.). Operation research is orientated to the operation of production, transport, division, services, supplying, stocking, renovation, development, conflict solving, etc. Many ti...

We consider a model of viscosity $\eta$ of volcanic lavas. The equation, describes with high accuracy the existing experimental data on temperature and pressure dependence of viscosity of igneous materials. It is demonstrated that, the activation energy E(Tg) can be expressed through the glass transition temperature Tgo. The dependencies of the parameters of the viscosity equation are discussed for most of geoscientifically relevant systems. According to the model viscosity of lava depends on the depth inside the ...

In this study, analysis and visualization of map projection distortions have been discussed. For the realization of the distortion analysis in practice, an auxiliary program was developed by MATLAB program, to calculate the amount of distortion. At the stage of the calculation of distortion the world map projections have been focused on and equations of these projections have been used. The points of interest were chosen as the intersection points of the geographic network of the original surface. 5ox5o geographic...

A kinetic method for the determination of 2,4-D is proposed. The method is based on the inhibiting effect of 2,4-D on the Mn(II) catalysis of the oxidation of malachite green with potassium periodate. The method was applied for the determination of 2,4-D in soil samples.

This paper highlights the fact that environmental issues in the border regions are numerous. These problems in border regions are endemic to many countries. At global scale of the whole planet, the importance of transboundary pollution of the air, water, soil is far from negligible (according to reports submitted to the UN). Almost 50\% of our planet earth (excluding Antarctica) is located in international water collection tanks. In this area about 40\% of world’s population lives, stretching over more than 200 ri...

The mineral springs are deep but they cause spills near to the ground surface. In ancient times, buildings have been erected at the level of the spills, and water has been used for heating. Nowadays, the ground surface is some 12 m over the mineral water spills. The structures of the new metropolitan railway are 15-20 m under the ground surface which means that they have to pass through Pliocene clays soften by the mineral water. These specific geological conditions require a specific approach of underground const...

The paper describes the automation of astrogeodetic measurements in determining astronomic station coordinates $\Phi$, $\Lambda$ and determining astronomic azimuth A. The automation has been developed at the Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb. The results of precision testing are presented. There are also the applications of automated astrogeodetic measurements in engineering geodetic practice illustrated, first of all those needed for the determination of the surface of astrogeodetic geoid and for independe...

Ground vibrations arising from excavation with blasting is one of the environmental problems in mining industry. The prediction of ground vibrations and the realization of controlled blasting based on this prediction have a great importance in order to minimize the environmental effects of blasting. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ground vibrations induced by blasting at Akyol Quarry which selected as a test site after the determination of the geomechanical properties of the rock mass with a computer s...

As traditional organic fuel resources are being depleted in the modern world, energy crisis and environmental situation aggravate and the attention of the mankind is increasingly drawn towards untraditional, renewable sources of energy and opportunities of their efficient use. Georgia has significant geothermal resources concentrated in numerous thermal springs and basins. There are two main basins of thermal waters in Georgia. The water in the Kolkheti basin is distinguished for its low mineralization, it is over...

Numerical models which are used for determining deformation are created as a simplified form of physical reality and they are usually defined as force or timedependent. The deformation is investigated by static, kinematic and dynamic models. From these models, dynamic deformation model describes the relationship between the forces and the changes of forces depending on time and the external factors which cause deformation. The deformation in an area is determined by evaluating together the theoretical dynamic mode...

In the context of global environmental crisis being experienced, it has become an obligation to take urgent measures and have environmental awareness for both the nations and the enterprises that are the basic dynamics of the society and indispensable components of the economic life in order to achieve sustainable development. In recent years, it has seen that the comprehension begun with the pollution control in 1970s has been transformed into the comprehension named clean production consisting of the application...

In process of pig iron production besides main product, pig iron, also secondary products are formed, that have character of secondary raw materials and industrial wastes. The most abundant secondary product originating in the process of pig iron production, is blast furnace slag, its occurrence is about 300 to 500 kg for one ton of pig iron. Blast furnace slag originates from melting of gangue parts of metal bearing materials, slag forming additions and coke ash. Its chemical, mineralogical and physical – chemica...

Canal Bega traverses Romania (49 km) and Serbia (75 km) discharge through Tisa in the Danube River. Between 1760 and 1958 functioned as a waterway. After 2000, one proposed a strategy for the sustainable development of the canal: the canal rehabilitees, the source of the water supply, the emissary for the sewage, the irrigations, producing by the electric power, tourism and recreation. This paperwork is made an analysis of the sustainable development of the canal by introducing a computation scheme and realizing a...

In this competitive world Turkey needs well trained, highly qualified, productive, problem solver technicians for the industry. Engineers and technicians school learning are becoming voided compare to new developments. They have to improve and educate themselves permanently. As its known vocational schools are for educate people to fill in spaces between engineers and technicians in the industry. A person who graduated from these schools has to be knowledged to understand an engineer and have the skills and knowle...

Significant efforts should be devoted to reducing waste outputs from aquaculture operations in order to lower the environmental impacts of aquaculture in many parts of the world. Since most aquaculture wastes are ultimately from dietary origin, reduction of waste outputs should first be through improvements of diet formulation and feeding strategies. The first step in the production of feeds producing less solid waste is to eliminate poorly digestible ingredients (such as whole grain or grain byproducts used as bi...

Tourism sector provides employment to the 7\% of workers in the world. It becomes a very important “export” opportunity in the countries where the level of income is low. Besides the benefits of tourism activities in local cultures and eco-systems, it also has irrecoverable negative effects. However, new opportunities provided by “alternative tourism” change this situation. Interests to travels having minimum negative effects on current natural and cultural richness and which are satisfactory in terms of education...

This paper is the result of research by the project of the Ministry of Science and Technological Development No 17005 R. Serbia. Some of the results of this collaboration are presented in this paper. The project No 17005 (2008-2010) was carried out research in the locality Subotinac (Aleksinac oil shales deposit). Some of the results of this collaboration are presented in this paper.

For a better definition of the Actual Climatic Optimum (the so called “global warming”) a detailed analysis of the Holocene climate is imperative. This paper broaches this analysis from the perspective of the “mini-glaciations” climatic cycle with a 1,000 yrs period which a series of authors took into consideration. The causes of these cycles are represented by periodical variations of the solar activity. But our analysis has covered a larger stratigraphical interval (23,000 yrs) including the W\"urm III stadial a...