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The crude-oil import and pipeline- related pumping activities date since 1967, when the ship Marianne III delivered th e first “black gold” shipping to Constanta harbor. Due to the petroleum products growth and the development of the petrochemical industry, it has been decided to import and transport crude oil through pipe lines. This paper presenting the Management of the environmental scheme in the Roumanian Oil Transporting Pipeline based to long experience (20 years to working in the environmental protection) ...

Castings production from gray cast iron is 55% of castings production around the world. Cupola furnace is the most used melting furn ace for the cast iron production. There is a counter current heat excha nge during melting process in the cupola furnace. Gases proceed upwards and charge and coke downw ards where they are heated. During this process the emission creation. These emissions come from coke and metallic parts of the charge. Another sources of contamination are particles created by abrasion of charge on ...

In the case of this thick and gentle coal seam no.3 of the Jiu Valley coal basin (Romania), the mining methods are by use of the longwall mining technologies with roof control by caving or top coal caving. In this paper, it is presented the analysis of the complex deformations of ground surface, over time, as a consequence of the coal mining in certain mining fields of the basin. Also, it is analysed the ground surface subsidence phenomenon using the CESAR-LCPC finite element code. The modelling is made in the ela...

Solid waste management has become an environmental concern for many developing countries including Libya country. There have been several significant obstacles facing the city of Al-Abyar in dealing with th is issue including; limited documentation regarding generation, handling, management, and disposal of waste. In this paper, solid waste management status in the city of Al-Abyar has been investigated through an extensive survey carried out on selected p ublic and private comp anies. Solid waste management pract...

The paper objective is to assess the social responsibility issues among the SMEs in Romania. We seek to find the main charac teristics of responsible citizenship among the SME sector and its internal and external drivers.

With climate change in recent years, tourists, whether foreign or domestic would prefer to assess the danger associated to some locations they visit. In this paper the analysis of temperature was preferred, because it represents the most accessible type of data for long periods, and for statistical analysis. The studied region, the Eastern Carpathians is considered as one of the coldest part of Romania, but also a touristically attractive region. We selected for analysis three majo r basins (Giurgeu, Ciuc, Intorsu...

In the present work the GIS technologies is used for the analysis of oceanographic conditions and the estimation of the fishing situation on an example of the catching the saira in the North-West area of the Pacific Ocean. The vector GIS ArcGIS and raster GIS IDRISI was used. The analysis were based on the satellite information about the fields of the sea surface temperatures r eceived from satellite NOAA, the altimetric sea level data obtained from sa tellites Topex/Poseidon, ERS-1/2 and the satellite images of t...

Globalization was the solution for achieving high rates of economic growth to wind underdevelopment. Throughout history, agri culture has grown in momentum of population growth and market expansion. Ov er the past 25 years, performance in agriculture has contributed to overall agri cultural GDP by 2% per year, faster than population growth, which was only 1.6% per year . Agriculture is the very heart of trade negotiations promised the development cycle, to the extent that about 75% of the world's poor live in rura...

Some 100 core samples of coal and coaly units from the Pliocene succession (Hotam ış Formation) were collected from well KK-147, in the southern part of Central Turkey (Karapınar-Konya). 30 samples were screened for total organic carbon (TOC) content. Selected samples were then analyzed by Rock -Eval Pyrolysis. Visual kerogen analysis and vitrinite reflectance measurements were also undertaken. Detailed data from thick Pliocene sediments made it possible to construct an organic facies framework using different zon...

Developed is software package for acoustic calculations, named SoundBG. Described program modules should be considered as a fi rst step in creating a sufficiently complete programming library for acous tic calculations, which will gradually replace the traditional graphics, tables and approximate formulas.

Coal is the most consumed fossil fuel in the world. Determin ation of the thermal properties of coal is a very important matter and it is not straightforward because of the heterogeneous structure of the coal. The short and elementary analysis results of coals with different carbonization de grees are different. The mineral composition of a coal also affects the thermal behavior. To detect thermal properties of co als, thermal analysis devices are generally used in many widespread methods. The most widely used met...

As per Regulation of the Czech Mining Of fice Board No. 435/1992 of Law Digest, as amended, there is a duty to survey any and all mine workings in the national reference system of S-JTSK type. The objective of both connecting and orientation surveys on the earth surface is to identify the end poi nt position for the plummet segment and especially to identify their bearing. Connec ting the horizon in the mine plays a role in transferring the coordinate values from the said plummet segment to the points ensuring the...

The widespread use of various types of ro cks in construction, construction materials industry and in raw material production implicitly requires a detailed knowledge of their geo-mechanical characteristics. The use of ro cks in the execution of various works is only allowed if they fall within certain quality criteria. With in this context, in the Geo- Mechanics Laboratory from the University of Petro şani, a complete assessment of the geo-mechanical properties of rocks from S outhern Vâlcan Massif was carried ou...

The studied area is situated about 70 Km in west of Damghan, and from the structural point of view, the area is part of south of central Alborz zone. Granitoid bodies intruded into late Eocene volcanic and volcanoclastic, mainly composed of monzonite and granite composition. Mineralogically, these rocks contain qua rtz, plagioclase, alkali- feldspare, amphibole, clinopyr oxene, biotite, zircon, apatite, and opaque minerals. Textures of rocks are microgranular and fi eld and textural evidences show that the plutone...

For mining support made of monolithic conc rete required additional application of solutions to improve the stre ngth characteristics. These solutions lead to high lift bearing capacity of the mining support conc rete. The transmission coefficients method is a method of computing tasks of monolithic c oncrete support, support that come in the contact with the massive rock. By the method of transmission coefficients of the tasks are taken into account various types of actions, namely the action given by the weight ...

Total atmospheric deposition i.e. both wet and dry ones, was sampled in the typical urban area with many sources of pollution. The main sources of pollution are represented by neighbouring the iron and stee l works and the municipal heating plant. The 8 sampling points were located at the rooftop of the buildings at the housing estates with the blocks of flats. The atmospheric deposition fluxes of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, Cd, As) were determined separa tely for soluble and insoluble phase. The obtaine...

Costs are present in many daily decisions they take managers from lower hierarchical levels, but especially importa nt for strategic decision taken at top management level. The very adoption of certain strategies fo r the enterprise is based on analytical considerations which require methods of ec onomic and financial evaluation of projects, methods that can not be imagined outside costs. Allocation of resources to the enterprise are based on estimated costs, just as they and replacement of assets. Computation of ...

For the analysis of various geological featur es can be derived from minimal anomalies caused by mass distributions, we present an ex tensive geophysical re cords. It is quite clear that at this stage; on ly a comprehensive analysis of data submitted by the various branches of geology can advance our knowle dge on geological structure and causes for it. Classical correlation between gravity anomalies of sedimentary basins of major minimum and is the most common significant abnormalities that may be of this type.

The contribution shows the problems of unde rground coal gasification. Currently, this topic is timely, seeing that many coal deposits can not mine through traditional mining methods. Through underground gasification can be obtained from these deposits so- called synthetic gas - syngas, which can be conve rted into electricity or used in industry and households as fuel. Underground gasification technology has been verified in laboratory conditions for several experiments. Experiments differed fr om one by ways of ...

The modern approach of the water removal works, in sustainable water management conditions, assumes the use of information technology. A series of new methods developed in the frame of computer aided design field have as results the increase of the quality in research and design activitie s by enlarging and studying throughly the scientific investigation. Th e specialized software programs allow to choose and check all the hypothesis assumed, to simulate th e processes and see in a dynamic way the answers to the c...

Leakages from underground storage tanks and accidental spills have led to contamination of soils and groundwater with organic solvents. Bio-monitoring (phyto- monitoring) uses plant tissue concentrations of organic pollutants in deep-rooted species of trees for low-cost assessment of the groundwater concentrations. Disadvantages of this approach include the limite d number of said tree species in the contaminated area, and the limited number of core samples that can be taken from a single tree before it dies. A so...

Although the buildings of the Universidad de Concepcion (UdeC) stood up well structurally to the effects of the 8.8 magnitude earthquake on 27 February 2010 in Concepcion, Chile, diverse damage was generated in their non-structural elements. Due to the large number of university buildings (over 100 on the Concepcion Campus alone) and the need to start classes on 5 April, numerous simultaneous repair projects were generated. These were done within the national post-earthquake context, UdeC culture and timing. The o...

The importance of understanding seismic waves and measurement waves has gravitated form the seismic prediction to training electromagnetic propagation. Seismic electromagnetic waves may be useful in shor t-term earthquake prediction. It was found our observation system is influenced by lightni ng as far away as about hundreds km in the VLF and LF range. It is found that the increase in the number of LF and VLF electromagnetic pulses before earthquakes were generated by lightning. Some researches show that there is...

Vocabulary selection for training purposes is one of the most significant and difficult factors because the program developer has to select the set of words relevant for the aims of the course. Selected vocabulary should ensure the development of speech abilities and skills within certain number of academic hours. Internationalism are helpful for demonstrating and testing pronunciation rules in the language since it is always a pleasure for a trainee to work on pronunciation words that he understands. We can use t...

Structure of the mathematical model of underground coal gasification process in terms of material and energy (heat) balance is presented in this paper. Base inputs of gasification process are coal (coal model) and oxidant (a mixture of oxygen and air), which appropriate combination has to ensure the best possible conditions for the gasification process. The expected energy output from coal gasification process is a synthetic gas - syngas. Components such as ash, tar and unburned coal are side outputs of the proces...

Significant economic mineralizations of Kosova territory are hydrothermal deposits of Pb-Zn. These deposits are located mainly in northern and eastern part of Kosovo, the so- called Trepca ore belt, which has a longitudinal stretch about 80 km and consists of a number of mineralized deposits and occurrences. In the geological context, this ore belt is part of the Vardar zone and associated with volcanic and sub volcanic rocks. Most of these deposits are located in the sequences carbonate and other rocks of differe...

The paper deals with measuring the magnetism of the metabolic products of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria that come from acid mine water accompanying mining and processing of mineral resources. The aim of the paper is to characterize the precipitates produced by the bacteria by m eans of magnetic quantities using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), which helps to identify th e magnetization of substances in dependence on the external magnetic field. The results are rela ted to the metabolic activity and...

One of the major challenges of kindergartens building in Serbia is how to address the existing variations in the pattern of environmental quality across different facilities. This study examines and compares e nvironmental quality of existing buildings in the service phase. The study explains and confirms that quality of kindergarten implies something about the environmental surroundings, the ecological material and the energy efficiency, both of which promote the health, comfort, aesthetic and emotional wellbeing...

Tourism is the e-specific industry in view of how to use ICT. Tourism enterprises used ICT to communicate buying and selling serv ices and products in this sector. Popularization of the social networks create s from them a modern tool for marketing purposes. Contribution analyses and offers an overview of tools and platforms to promote the appropriate destination. Describes the life cycle of the experimental site intended to promote the destination Pieniny created within the social network facebook.

Urban air quality in devel oping countries has decrease because of population density, industrialization and energy consumption. In th is study, the air quality of Bilecik city in Turkey was evaluated by using the cluster an alysis. The analysis wa s applied to the air pollution data such as total suspended particle and sulphur dioxide (SO2). Single linkage cluster method grouped three years air pollution data into two clusters under similarity. Based on the years of the mean concentratio ns of parameters, it was ...

Factors that influence the geomechanical char acteristics of rocks can be of different nature, being divided into two broad categories of external factors and internal factors. Internal factors influencing the geomechanical characteristics of the rocks are the geological, physical and chemical. From the geological point of view, the main characteristics that influence the behavior of rocks are: mineralogical composition, structure and texture. From Physical and ch emical point of view rocks are directly influenced...

The paper deals with decontamination of sediments polluted by persistent organic pollutants in the influent stream of Ce rny prikop in Ostrava, the Czech Republic. Flotation is used as the first stage treatme nt method when the individual contaminants accumulate in the flotation concentrate. C onsequently, bacterial leaching applying the bacteria of genus Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus is used as the second treatment method. The results imply that the combinat ion of both the methods is very effective and leads to a ...

Building environmental assessment systems a nd methods has been introduced in many countries. Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) designated as a first building environmental assessment method was developed in the United Kingdom in 1990. The Slovak building environmental assessment system (BEAS) has been processe d in the recent times . Systems and tools used in many countries were based on the new system development for applications under Slovak conditions. The fields and in...

In this study, to identify circulation patterns producing flash flood in the South-West of Iran, 51 large floods in the Qantareh Station have been selected which have been among the data from the daily flood in a period of 30 years of Mond basin. The Mond basin is one of the sub-basin of Persian Gulf Basin and is located in south west of Iran. Then, the hydrologic features of selected floods ha ve been calculated. Afterwards, hydrologic features of these floods using mean and st andard deviation have been standard...

In this paper we analysed timber and timber based products as renewable materials that can be reused, recycled or used as ener gy source, with minimal waste. In civil engineering the main aspects of environment are: consumption of material and energy for constructing purposes, and emission of harmful materia into the environment during the life cycle of construction. Forest regene ration has certain significance in the system of sustainable development. Wood degradates easily which is an advantage considering the ...

It is shown by experience that direct double integration of strong motion data with the aim of generating earthquake displacement records usually leads to unrealistic values of residual displacements even for earthquake s with moderate magnitudes or at far epicentral distances. The appearance of veloc ity and displacement records suggests that changes in the zero level of acceleration are responsible for these drifts. Therefore, in order to calculate real displacements, baseline correction seems consequential. Thi...

In this study, the geotechnical properties of the 2nd Organized Industrial Region clays were investigated and the settlement analysis was made with Plaxis software. First of all, the geotechnical properties of the disturbed and undisturbed specimens taken from the 2nd Organized Industrial Region and its surroundings were determined with laboratory and field (SPT) tests accordi ng to criterion defined in TS 1900. For this purpose, there were drilled 18 bore wells with 40 m depth. The para meters that would be used ...

The phenomenon of displacement and deformation of the surface land, continues to present a wide interest in th e implications of environmen tal problems and protection of existing construction area. The researches in this direction have led to the conclusion that the observations made in the areas affected by underground mining can be done short-term forecasts, medium and long forecasts about the phenomenon analyzed. These forecasts have been particularly important in the sense that future studies can be made for ...

The power plants produces hundreds tones of fly ashes yearly. From this amount is really used in the reason only 10 % with out the any treatment in the industrial production. The rest of this ashes are de posited on dumps and settling pits, that have many negative influence on the environment. Following the previous results from the extensive treatment research was proposed the waste less technology of the complex treatment and utilization of black coal fly ash. The final products of this technology are the produc...

Romanian Plain occupies from the geotecto nic point of view, the northern part of Moesian Platform, a platform forming a ri gid block between the Carpathians and the Balkans. Dacian Basin, opened after tecton ic movements, badenian , in the Sarmatian, outside the Carpathian arch, has evolved in a brackish sedimentation environment by the end of the Pliocene, after which was installed a lacustrine environment amid of water body restriction only in the southern pa rt of Romania. The lacustrine system is installed in...

The phytoavailability of aluminum (Al) in Al-ri ch acid podzolic soils is of particular concern in many Quebec agricultural areas due to its toxic effect on plant growth. Liming materials may mitigate Al phytoavaila bility and toxicity depending on Al pool and plant part, respectively. Our objective was to determ ine the effect of dolomitic limestone on the distribution of Al species in soil and to evaluate the uptake and distribution of Al in the different parts of maize ( Zea mays L.). Maize was grown in 40- cm ...

Worn out textures are considered as one of the main problems of Iranian cities. Apart from factors impacting the exhausted pa rts, this problem accelerates the urban difficulties in many cities and towns of Iran. It also is considered as a barrier for sustainable urban development. Worn out textures have created many problems for urban authorities as well as residents, so, it would be necessary to take them into account for more considerations. The present research is an attempt to recognize the worn out textures ...

The process of Environmental impact assessmen t (EIA) is successfully applied as a tool for environmental planning and environmental policy in many countries worldwide. It is generally accepted that the environment has three inter-dependent components: economic, socio-political and natural. C onsequently, integrated environmental assessment and management coupled with su stainable development is critical, and in order to achieve this goal, effective guidelines and implementable legislation are necessary. EIA legis...

In the context of sustainable development the problem of water pollution has a greatest importance due to the necessity of ensuring a clean environment for the next generation. Water quality standards provide the framework of accepted water parameters: chemical, physical, microbiological, biochemical, radiological. The European standards show the sampling method and terminology accep ted for that in according with macro- regional environmental conditions. In the present conditions, a good standard of life for peop...

Western Anatolia is one of the world’ s most rapidly extending regions. The N-S extension commenced in Late Oligocene in this region sh ortly after the collision of Eurasian (the Pontides) and Gondwanan (the Anatolide-Tauride Platform) continental blocks. This extension lead to exhumation of deeply buried footwall rocks in core complexes (i.e. the Menderes Massif) and to development of a series of E-W, NE-SW and NW-SE-trending graben system on the hanging walls of low-angle detachment fault system. Thus, compressi...

In heavily settled areas, deformations i nduced by the tunnel excavation may cause serious damage to nearby structures. Theref ore, it is necessary to study effective means of controlling tunnel induced deformations. Th e main parameters affecting the failure and deformation state of the soil around a circular underground opening are the physical characteristics of the soil, the diameter of the opening, and the support pressure. In this study, 3-Dimensional (3D) FDM analyses were conducted to assess tunneling indu...

Induced and natural seismicity discrimination in seismically active regions remains one of the complicated problems. An example of unusual seismicity pattern, which is currently recognized by seismologists as triggered seismicity due to oil and gas field production is considered in this work. We ha ve analyzed the seismicity behavior in seismogenic zone without any human-made activity as well as in hydrocarbon production area. We conclude that examined areas are characterized by the same dynamic regime. It follows...

Conducted research of processes of dry an d wet mechanoactivation of wolframite concentrate and structural modifications were determined. With a purpose of maximum transference of tungsten from obtained after-sintering mixtures into solution, investigation wa s conducted, conditions of hydro desalination were determined and technological regime of the process was developed.

Municipality of Kikinda spatially belongs to the northern part of Banat, Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and covers an area of 782 km 2. The water supply system uses groundwater wells which capture water from deep aquifer at a depth of about 200 meters and consists of central city water source and water sources from surrounding local communities. City’s central water supply system contains 14 wells, divided in several water sources which are: "Šumice", "Toza Marković", “Jezero” and “Masarikova”. The total project...

Mining and Metallurgy Institute in Bor, Se rbia, has successfully dealt for many years with processing of precious metals. Platinum and palladium have originated from the raw materials of the Bor deposit. By furt her refining in the Institute, the mentioned platinum metals are transformed into high-pu rity metals of which products for various purposes are manufactured. This paper presents the results of comparativ e analysis the high temperature strength of platinum and palladium. The limit of tensile strength as ...