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The subject of the paper is investigation of the properties of concurrent vibro-acoustic signal in the process of rock massif separation with the method of rotary drilling. The aim is to investigate the possibilities of using this signal as an integrating information source for the purposes of identification of the process of separation from the viewpoint of efficiency of the set mode (pressure, revolutions, and indenter) under current geotechnical conditions. Investigated is the possibility of recognition of the ...

Advanced mathematical theories like fuzzy set theory play an increasingly important role in exploration and assessment of mineral deposit. A method based on this theory, Fuzzy C-means Clustering, is presented to determine the background of the elements. In the following research, Fuzzy C-means Clustering (FCMC) method is applied to quantify the lithological background in Khouni Mountain, Central Iran. By applying this method, 254 stream sediment samples classified into 4 clusters according to the membership degree...

The purpose of this study has been assessment of capability of Artificial Neural Networks in Gas Lift Operations optimization, which is in use for improved oil recovery from oil wells. This in detail is in fact estimation of the two most important parameters of the process, i.e. optimal injection depth and optimal gas injection rate. For gas lift, gas is injected continuously or intermittently at selected location(s), resulting in a reduction in the natural flowing gradient of the reservoir fluid, and thus reducin...

The opportunities for automation of the procedures for creating analytic photogrametric models, processing data from digital mapping and image processing are described. Examples for achieved results in the development of software for the specialized photogrammetric activities and for operating with the programme package < Photo > are given.

Collapsible lands are generally found in arid and sub arid areas. These kinds of soils that are in metastable structure have high void ratio and low weight per unit volume. Loess soil that are wind deposits, residual soils, soils that are formed by volcanic ashes, alluvium soils, fine sand and silts, silt sand and loam are among the soils that have collapsing tendency. Collapsing that happened due to the increase on the water content of the base soil is generally seen in loosen silt layers that have low water cont...

In this work, the horizontal failure loads acting in the wall plane and the shear strengths of the walls constructed using solid batch bricks are studied by considering various types of bond arrangements and the results are discussed. For this purpose the samples are produced using simple running bond and polonez bond. In the experimental study is carried out using the procedure proposed in ASTM 1391-81 for the standard shear stress of masonry walls. The observed behavior of the experimental samples and the cracks...

One of the most important factors of industrialization and development is energy. Demand of energy significantly increases parallel to technology developing and world population increasing. The consumed amount of energy indicates the development level of countries in today. Oil and coal stocks are decreasing fastly, and lack of natural gas sources results in an increasing demand on renewable energy sources. The negative effects of the renewable energy sources are less than conventional energy sources on environmen...

As it is well-known, Globalization makes mobility easy and possible. That is why a graduate has the opportunity to find not only a nationwide but also a worldwide occupation. In most countries in the world, the function of accreditation for educational institutions is conducted by a government ministry of education. The purpose of this study is presenting the goal of the accreditation. The goal of accreditation is to ensure that education provided by institutions of higher education meets acceptable levels of qual...

Boron is a micronutrient required for all plant nutrition. The main functions of boron relate to cell wall strength and development division, fruit and seed development, glucose transport and hormone. Boron (B) is required for all plant growth. Adequate B nutrition is critical for high yields and qulity of crops. Deficiencies of B result in many anatomical, biochemical, physiological changes in plants. The B requirement is much higher for reproductive growth than for vegetative growth in most plant species. Boron ...

A horizon of carbonate minerals underlies the organic soils of the Thracian plane. This horizon has irregular thickness, density and mineral composition. In the world scientific literature, such horizons are usually described as pedogenic calcretes. The growth of the carbonate layer depends on many factors; among them are the global climate change, the acidity of the atmospheric precipitates and the agricultural practices. The carbonate layer is very significant to the biological productivity of the soil. It tends...

This research is devoted to elaboration of common principles for using cartographic information (especially Digital Elevation Model and thematic maps) and remote sensing data in definition of criteria of coastal morphosystems state. There are discussed some different approaches to the problem of using cartographic information like descriptions, graphical and grapho-analytical methods for DEM analysis much as topographic maps analysis as well as study of structure, dynamics and correlation for thematic maps analysi...

After the entry to the European Union the energetic policy of the Slovak republic became an integral part of the European Union energetic policy as well as the element of the world market with the energetic resources. Slovak republic imports around 90 percent of its primary energetic resources that are at the same time poorly diversified because most of them are originated in the Russian Federation. In spite of the significant structural changes in the last two decades the Slovak economy still remains heavily depe...

Within the Risha well field in Eastern Jordan oil and especially gas is produced from the existing traps on the top of the Ordovizium deposits, at a depth of about 2000 m. By more than 30 deep wells oil and gas is produced which contains also a portion of water. Usually this water accompanying the oil production is highly mineralized and originates, according to chemical and stable isotope analyses, most probably from old syn- sedimentary brines or formation water. Usually this water accompanying the oil productio...

The Alanya unit consists of threeimbricate metamorphic nappes: These are Cambrian - Upper Permian aged The Mahmutlar group (the lower nappe), The Sugozu melange (middle nappe) (Late Cretaceous-Paleocene), and Lower Cambrian - Middle-Upper Triassic aged The Yumrudag group (upper nappe). The pelitic and semipelitic schists of the Alanya unit are shale and wacke in origin. These received material from acidic and probably medium compositional volcanic arc granites and deposited on the active continental margin and pro...

Selection of multistage excavation method has a special importance in the large section tunnels. It depends on some parameters such as rock type, geomechanical properties, rock mass, tunnel size, etc. This research is aimed to investigate the excavation method in the Imam Zadeh Hashem tunnel as a case study. For this purpose, two excavation methods, namely pilot and extending excavation method and heading-bench excavation method have been compared using numerical methods and FLAC-2D software. The results obtained ...

This paper considers potential changes in storm occurrence and intensity over the western Black Sea through analysis of long term series of wind and wave conditions simulated with relatively high resolution. It is a result of coupling of atmospheric and wave models and spans period of more than 60 years (1948-2008). On the basis of the established methodology of wave climate clustering, wave events capable of producing a noticeable morphological response are separated from the remaining part of the dataset. Furthe...

The incorporation of industrial by-products such as fly ash, slag, silica fume in concrete can significantly enhance its basic properties in both the fresh and hardened states. These materials greatly improve the durability of concrete through control of high thermal gradients, pore refinement, depletion of cement alkalis, resistance to chloride and sulphate penetration, and continued microstructural development through a longterm hydration and pozzolanic reaction. The utilisation of by-products as the partial rep...

Mineral Resource management (MRM) is defined as a holistic view on mining activities at firm levels to optimise the use of these non-renewable resources. In this paper, after reviewing of related terms about MRM such as sustainable development, we combined MRM objectives at firm with government responsibilities on mine sector management, and a new applicable cause and effect framework was proposed. This framework which is based on sustainable development satisfies both of firm objectives and the governmental respo...

An Investigation of explosive consolidation processes of W-Cu ultra-disperse and nano sized powder compositions are discussed. For theoretical calculations of the explosive loaded materials were used the hydrodynamic theory and experimental adiabatics of W and Cu. The stress-deformed state of the steel ampoule-containers was estimated using the solutions of elasticity theory. Copper tungsten (W-Cu) powder compositions were consolidated to full or near-full density by explosive-compaction technique. The industrial ...

Nowadays, airborne electromagnetic methods are widely used to investigate subsurface areas. One of these methods is helicopter electromagnetic method. The basis of inverse modeling of frequency-domain HEM data is to solve Mundry’s integral numerically. Various methods have been invented for numerical solution of this integral, such as Laplace transform, fast Hankel coefficients and Jacobian methods. To analyze helicopter electromagnetic data, we need inverse programs which can assist us to achieve the best or ac...

Twenty first Century witnessed rapid advance of technology and resultant extravagant use of technological products by people. Unconscious and extravagant use of technology products rapidly pollutes the environment, where we live. Accelerated environmental pollution, including both alive and non-alive nature which in fact serves partially for alive functions, is most serious problem of our age Global Warming , recently started to be argued, and resultant drawbacks are, in fact, continuum of environmental and global...

The ratio of observed vertical stress to its theoretical value in a soil mass which has settlement potential could be defined as arching ratio. This phenomenon could be observed in some projects, such as earth-fill dams, tunnels, and piles. Arching in earthfill dams may results in hydraulic fracture due to increase of pore water pressure, is the most important result of arching. Hydraulic fracture causes internal cracking of clay core which in turn results in more water seepage. To evaluate the arching effect, an ...

The problem of converting the points in a coordinate system to another coordinate system is very common in Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering. The coordinates in a coordinate system can be derived from the definite coordinates of the points in another system by means of coordinate transformation. The type of transformation is determined according to the objective of the transformation and the number of the common points in definite coordinates. Similarity (Helmert), Affine and Projective transformation methods...

The composite in Al matrix are the alloys with some refining elements like Ti, B, Sr, etc. need to know all the techniques used for refining the structure. That is why we describe the three techniques including the rapid cooling of the melting, the mechanical, the electromagnetic or the ultrasonically stirring of the melting and the adding of the sells or the pre-alloys in the melting.

Statement of the problem. In prospecting of deposit, geologists collect many samples, which after chemical analysis of concentration gives a lot of numbers that would be used for resource calculation. Let denote space vector by t (it can be univariate for a hole, bivariate and threedimensional for a deposit), concentration by x(t), and productive part of space by Q. Resource of deposit X composes the integral of concentration x(t) over Q by samples. This is not simple mathematical problem and, consistently, differ...

The work presents the concerns and contributions of the research collective in the hydrology and water management field of the Hydrotechnics Faculty, “Politehnica” University – Romania, from last years. In the work are taken into account: the accidental inundations produced by the cross and longitudinal of the defense works failure; the water courses rehabilitation, the assessment and re ecology techniques of the water body; modeling of the eco hydrological systems; economic analysis of the catchments proper...

The authors present the update stage of Braila Plain water resouces. Within the surface waters, the Buzau, Siret, Calmatui rivers as well as the Danube are included, as they are water suppliers for Braila Plain, in the absence of other important water resources. The lakes are few in number, with a low volume of water and a high chemism. The smalldepth underground waters exist as a continuously ground water layer and the high-depth ones are found especially in the Fratesti layers, but these have a high mineralizati...

The phreatic groundwater from the Ialomita – Buzau river basin are quartered in the sedimentary formations of Quaternary age, starting with the ones of the lower Pleistocene and finishing with the Holocene and recent ones. The most important phreatic aquifer layers, from the point of view of the water resources quartered in permeable and raw formations (gravels, blocks, raw and average sands), are spread in the Buzau dry delta area, in the divagation plain between Buzău and Călmăţui and in the alluvial plain...

A review of extreme storm events along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast is of interest for wide spectrum of readers – oceanographers, meteorologists, engineers, economists, decision makers and stakeholders. Reasonable management of the coastal zone demands a reliable and timely forecasting of storm events and evaluation of the related potential damages and economical losses. This paper focuses on the heavy storm of February 1979. The aim of the study is reconstruction of all stages of the storm on the basis of avai...

In continuous gas lift, gas may be injected continuously or intermittently, depending on the producing characteristics of the well and the arrangement of the gas-lift equipment. Being somehow an ancient tool with an age of over a century, gas lift is though still a challenging problem when overall optimization is the concern. When the injection gas is of a limited supply the problem is finding the best gas allocation scheme. However there are increasingly emerging cases in certain geographic localities where the g...

The North part of Kashmar is located about 250 Km Southwest of Mashhad, Northeast Iran. It is part of the structural Darouneh fault zone and contains rhyolitic, andesitic, pyroclastic and lava flows. Based on results obtained from AFM and Miyashiro diagrams the igneous rocks classified as a subalkaline and calcalkaline. From the data obtained the Kashmar strike-slip fault geometry (distribution of shear fractures such as R,RЛґ,P surfaces, Riedel structures) plays an important role in controlling the location and e...

Dangerous geological processes which were caused by nature or anthropogenic are the reason of the catastrophes and the human sacrifices which necessary prevent and avert. A complex of the geological processes was considered and actions for engineering protection of the valley of the river Mzymta.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) with UV irradiation and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst is a ’green’ process for the treatment and purification of water and wastewater. In this work, for further investigation of applicable AOPs for wastewater treatment, a novel tubular continuous-flow photoreactor was designed and constructed and then all experiments were carried out in this photoreactor. The photoreactor comprises six quartz tubes and a UV lamp, which was placed in the center of the quartz tube...

The approach for formal description of topological description of images is suggested. It is based on the grammar approach for the definition the different types of graphic images. The procedure for verification of defined image is developed. It is based on the conformity checks. The procedures for creation of such description from binary maps and grey level monochrome or multiband images are compared. The procedures for matching of identical points in images are introduced. Such approach is suitable for georefere...

In this study, blast originated vibrations were monitored around the limestone quarry owned by Konya Cement Factory near Konya city. Since the city limits have been widened and the land around the quarry opened to residential area. The work presented here, concentrates the vibration measurements taken from two different locations for each rock blast by Instantel-Minimate plus equipments. The data obtained were then analyzed by means of Blastware 8.0 software and results were presented here in this paper. The vibra...

Metals occur in different forms : as ions dissolved in water, as vapours, or as salts or minerals in rock, sand and soil. They can also be bound in organic or inorganic molecules, or attached to particles in the air. Both natural anthropogenic processes and sources emit metals into air and water. The effects of metals in the environment depend to a large extent on whether they occur in forms that can be taken up by plants or animals. Uptake of metals in an animal involves metal ions crossing a cell membrane. The a...

Recycling of metals has been becoming an attractive subject, lately due to the fact that the depleted resources, high energy consumption and harmful gases emission. Metal machining chips are recycled conventionaly which consist of melting casting. In the paper the method of direct conversion of bronze and steel chips, into finished product without melting, as an alternative way to conventional method is described. Metal chips were comminuted by mechanical milling and for the next processing the granulated chips la...

In this study, dissolution kinetics of iron leaching by sulphuric acid under atmospheric pressure from Karacam (Eskisehir-Turkey) lateritic ore was studied. The effects on the iron reaching rate of stirring speed, sulphuric acid concentration, temperature, particle size, and solid/liquid ratio were investigated. In order to investigate the effects of leaching temperature range of 40–90 °C the shrinking core model was applied by using the results of experiments. Kinetics analysis showed that the iron dissolution...

Water samples of 5 sites belonging to 3 streams of Douro River Basin (Portugal, NE) were analyzed regarding their hydrogeochemical and microbiological parameters. Two of the studied streams (Corgo and Pinhao) were strongly influenced by agricultural practices and construction pressures while the other stream (Olo) has low human impact. The study was conducted during 2.5 years, in winter and summer. Physicochemical characterization of water samples from Olo stream show very low mineralization (Electrical Conductivi...

The objective of the study is to investigate the geochemical properties and suitability as an industrial raw material of \cCakraz district dolomite occurrences NW Anatolia. Most of the former studies on the area deals with field geology and ignores industrial mineral potential. Lias (Jurassic) HimmetpaЕџa Formation formed the basement of the region and was overlaid by the Barremian (Cretaceous) Zonguldak Formation with unconformity. Aptian (Cretaceous) Kilimli Formation covered the Zonguldak Formation. A field stu...

Continuously increasing demand for energy resources drives petroleum industry to search in very deep waters, drilling very deep wells, encountering adverse conditions of pressures and temperatures and thus having to resolve a multitude of problems. In many cases, the problems can be attributed to the performance of drilling fluids which then presents challenges to drilling fluid industry. Such problems include poor hole cleaning, high pressure losses, loss circulation zones, fluid gelation, reservoir fluid invasio...

The Open Education System is a candidate as the biggest institution in Turkey that performs the publishing of educational content on the Internet when the target audience is considered as a main factor. In the business world, accounting is one discipline of study that all people, regardless of job position, should have some knowledge of. Its concepts can be applied to all job specialties, its importance has been promoted in recent years, and it is useful in people’s everyday lives. Open and distance education sy...

In the Karacadag area (Central Anatolia, Turkiye), small volumes of mildly-alkaline lavas associated with large volumes of calcalkaline lavas crop out. 40Ar/39Ar age data indicate that the mildly-alkaline lavas were erupted during Early Miocene (ca. 18 Ma). The lavas are composed of alkali basalt, hawaiite, mugearite, benmoreite and trachydacite, and include olivine, ortho/clinopyroxene, amphibole, plagioclase, opaque and rare anorthoclase. The mildly-alkaline lavas have a sodic tendency (Na2O/K2O = 1.5-3.2) and r...

Rodent fossils found in lignit establishments in Elbistan town in MaraЕџ city are described. Six species are identified: There are three Muridae: Apodemus dominans, Apodemus cf. atavus and Occitanomys sp. and one Arvicolidae: Promimomys cor, one Cricetidae: Cricetus lophidens, and one Gliridae: Myomimus sp. The Early Pliocene rodents samples of Elbistan are of Eastern Mediterranean character.

Building of double bridges with doubling of railways in Bulgaria may generate conflicts at the points where they cross rivers. The conflict is arising usually by the approach of investors and designers to subordinate the river to the functions of the facility, without enough studies and preventive measures. The lack of solution of the conflict leads to more expenditures for correction, strengthening and maintaining of the river bed. The aim of the paper is to propose recommendations how bridges shall not create wa...

The theory of corporate social responsibility promotes, without regarding sector differences, all corporations not to consider only economic and financial issue, but also stakeholders as well as social and environmental burdens born to community where the company operates. The Neo-classic model of corporate social responsibility recommends companies to obey moral minimum while seeking maximum profits and within this context, the model advises particularly to integrate corporate social responsibility into purchasin...

In this study, behaviors of wall samples produced from solid batch bricks were investigated under horizontal loads using various types of bond. Fort his aim six samples that contain three samples from each one, whose dimensions are 60*60 cm, were prepared. Hatch bond and running bond types were used while preparing the samples. Produced masonry wall samples were failure using experimental technique of standard shear strengths. The observed behavior of the experimental samples and the cracks occurred are studied, h...

The roof of the tunnel and sidewalls are especially influenced by the tunnels shape and dimension. Rock engineering mostly concentrates the reasons of these disturbances to decide if they are stress induced or discontinuity governing deformations. In this study, it has been concentrated on two shallow tunnels which are 35-90 meters below the ground surface. They were opened in limestone rock mass containing lamination and cavities as well. Electrical resistivity measurements were used to determine the weakness zon...

Electrical resistivity measurements have been used in engineering for many purposes. In this study, blasting effects on the back of blasted holes at a quarry bench have been put under evaluation. Earth resistivity of bench rock, limestone, was measured before and after blasting by electrical resistivity equipment with the same electrode positions. The resultant resistivity graphs demonstrate the blasting performed in this study influence slightly the rock resistivity of the rock mass situated 4 m from the blasted ...