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The climate system of the earth, globally and locally, obviously has been changed from pre-industrial period to present. Some of the changes are due to natural phenomena and some due to human activities, where the crucial role has been played by the emission of so-called “green house gasses” (GHG). By 1990 the measured concentrations of GHG had reached their highest level. From the enlarged volume of observations we have come to the picture of world that is getting warmer. The observed climate changes and thei...

The paper deals with a potential utilization of a laboratory device of a column flotation machine for the flotation of coal. The flotation tests, which were carried out in the laboratory of the Institute of Environmental Engineering at the Faculty of Mining and Geology of V\vSB-TU Ostrava, made use of samples of black coal slurries from Darkov Mine in the Ostrava-Karvin\'a District. The research was aimed to identify optimal condensation of the flotation pulp as well as the most efficient flotation time. The follo...

In the upper part of the EarthВґs atmosphere, the ionosphere, the free-electron and ion density is high enough to influence the propagation of electromagnetic waves. The ionosphere is a dispersive medium for the observables of all space geodetic techniques operating in the microwave band and disturbs both, their group and phase velocity. The effect is in first approximation proportional to the so-called Slant Total Electron Content (STEC) along the ray path and can be corrected if the measurements are carried out ...

The crushing energy in mineral processing industry is usually determined by experimental Bond’s index regardless mechanical parameters of rocks. Bond’s index is a comminution parameter which was defined by Bond. In this study, with the purpose of correlating the strain energy of rock to the corresponding energy estimated by Bond’s index, cubic Granite specimens are simulated between two rigid jaws and are broken due to movement one of the jaws against the other. The specimens are modeled as elasto-plastic me...

TOC (Total Organic Carbon), TKN (Total Kjedhal Nitrojen), tP (total Phosporus), C/N (Carbon/Nitrogen ratio) contents and other properties of Municipal Solid Waste, in Д°stanbul are suitable for Compost Production. Compost is an extremely useful agent in agriculture, provides humous to soil, improves its porosity, workability, aeration and needless to say improves water absorption capacity. It also helps increasing the number of saprofit micro organisms and helps plants to get more of fertilizers. Another advantage...

We have studied 15 species of ligneous plants angyosperms, spontaneous and cultivated ones – in areas adjacent to industrial platforms: Borzeşti (Bacău county), Bicaz and Taşca (Neamţ county) - Romania; in the first case, the noxious substances are mainly gaseous (sulphur dioxide, chlorine, ammoniac), but also solid (carbon black, soot); in the other two cases, the noxious substances are mainly solid ones (lime or cement powders prone to sedimentation). Our investigations have focused on observations concern...

Question about identification of the dangerous situations during industrial explosive works’ execution is treated in the report. A test is made for systematization of the aspects that cause some damages and problems when work with explosive materials.

A method for dam deformation investigation, based on the deformations-theory and on the finite elements method, is proposed. The practical application of the method for a real object – Ognianovo dam is shown. Principles for changing geodetic measurements for dam deformation monitoring in order to provide better results from applying deformation analysis are suggested.

Mechanical size reduction by using crusher and grinding mill is widely used in the aggregate producing industry and the mineral industry. In this study, physical, mechanical crushing and grinding properties of the rock specimens obtained from different bedrock were determined by using 8 different tests, to characterize the relationships between physico-mechanical properties of rocks and mechanical size reduction efficiency. The rock specimens were tested according to the procedures recommended by the ISRM (1981). ...

In open pit mine planning, push back mining sequence is widely used for long-term production planning. These push backs are designed with haul road access and act as a guide during the yearly scheduling process. Therefore, pushback design plays a key role in defining annual cash flows to be generated from a mining operation. In push back design, a series of nested pits is generated and then considered as possible push backs with regard to the minimum push back width requirements. These nested pits are produced by ...

At present, there is a lot of interest in the use of dynamic simulation for optimization and operation of wastewater treatment plants. For this purpose, different mathematical models are used. Development of these models requires a complicated conceptual approach. It involves identification of all carbonaceous and nitrogenous components. The Activated Sludge Model No.1 (ASM1) presented by the IAWQ Task Group on Mathematical Modelling for Design and Operation of Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes is generall...

Chadormalu Mining and Industrial Company (CMMIC) is mining Chadormalu Iron Ore deposit in Yazd province, central Iran by using conventional open pit mining method. The final pit will be excavated to a depth of approximately 225m with a bottom elevation of 1300m above mean sea level. According to the initial design, the inter-ramp slope angle of 55В° with a 30m bench height, a catch bench width of 10m and 70В° slope angle of individual benches were proposed. Mining to date has intersected complex geology and areas ...

National Hard Coal Company SA Petrosani performs its activity in the field of coal industry, and is interested in a total computerization of own activities. In the period 2003 – 2004, the National Hard Coal Company SA Petrosani has had as major aims the design, installation and development of an integrated informatic/ computer system by using a high quality informatic solution. The integrated informatic/ computer system represents a complex project used for management of economic activities and industrial proces...

Different kinds of pesticide are used for protection of plant from different pests which are bacteria, insects, fungi, nematotes, worm’s etc. Generally they give some advantage farmers’ plant production, but they also have some important disadvantage with their residues on plant materials. Farmers mostly apply pesticides higher than the needed levels to quarantive the higher production. They sometime use the pesticides later than deformation period. This time some residue chemicals may still be on the applicat...

Ore dressing leads to producing of great quantities of waste which are stored in special waste depositories (tailing ponds). They occupy large areas and their exploitation provokes air, water and soil contamination of the surrounding territories. Reclamation is one of the most radical methods for recovery of the environmental components, creation of conditions for grass and forest growth and formation of appropriate landscape. The current study aims to determine the anthropogenic impacts on the soils in the region...

ccording to Environment Report 2004, eight main areas with most violated environment can be identified in Slovak republic. Among those areas are also regions with mining and raw mineral processing, e.g . Jel\vsavsko -luben\'\icka, Rudniansko-gelnick\'a, Ko\vsicko-pre\vsovsk\'a a Zempl\'\inska regions. Affected regions can be defined by individual environment component grade, risk evaluation and regulations focused on environment protection. The presented paper deals about environmental impact of business activitie...

This paper presents several applications involved in the fields of environmental protection and monitoring. The main goal was to obtain optimal solutions of analysis and survey implied in the monitoring of environment processes through the development of integrated systems based on dedicated GUI interfaces, DAQ devices and specific sensors. Geographic information system (GIS) technology can be used for scientific investigations, resource management, and development planning. For example, a GIS might allow emergenc...

Excess amount of coals produced more than demand has to be deposited in stockyards. During this period, coals lose both their economical values and cause environmental problems. It is often that spontaneous combustion event of coals can take place in the cases of convenient conditions are available. In this work, two industrial sized stockpiles were constituted at coal stockyard of Western Lignite Corporation (WLC) in Tuncbilek, Turkey. The size of the stockpiles formed as triangle prism was about 10 m by 5 m widt...

The geological and technological conditions of thick copper ore deposit extraction under the rock burst hazard are presented, based on an example of the new RG-9 room and pillar system. The results of rock mass behaviour surveys and observations during the trial exploitation are discussed as well as the system effect on deposit management.

In the report you can see the question for the common requirements towards technologies during executing explosion duties and work consecutiveness. Right technology choice and following the requirements will provide people safety, without refusal high efficiency of the explosion duties.

Four main mineralized vein Groups within the Sar-Cheshmeh Porphyry system have been identified: I) quartz + molybdenite + anhydrite В± K-feldspar with minor pyrite, chalcopyrite and bornite; II) quartz + chalcopyrite + pyrite В± molybdenite В± Calcite; III) quartz + pyrite + calcite В± chalcopyrite В± anhydrite (gypsum) В± molybdenite; IV) quartz В± calcite В± gypsum В± pyrite В± Dolomite. Early hydrothermal alteration produced a potassic assemblage (orthoclase-biotite) in the central part of the stock, propylitic...

The paperedeals with the results of an analysis of landscape element changes, such as forests, water areas, agricultural areas, built-up areas, anthropogenic shapes in the selected area. The applied method makes use of the possibilities of Geographical Information Systems, terrain observation, documentation and study of archives. The starting time period for which the landscape character analysis was carried out is the year of 1946 (military aerial photos) and the present time (maps). The research is localized in ...

This paper presents the geology, reserve estimation and quality assessment of the Sindhali limestone deposit located in allochthonous succession of the eastern Nepal Lesser Himalaya. Geologically, the limestone deposit lies in the Bhainsedobhan Marble of the Bhimphedi Group where the Bhimphedi Group is divided into three formations: the Raduwa Formation, the Bhainsedobhan Marble and the Kalitar Formation from south to north respectively. The study area is further divided into Northern, Central and Southern tectoni...

The Saghez shear zone is part of metamorphic belt of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone in northwest Iran that uplifted during continental collision between the Afro-Arabian continent and the Iranian microcontinent. The mine is being exploited by open-pits mining, with present reserves estimated at 3.2gr/t gold. The currently favored genetic model is an example of porphyry system, with mineralization being closely to shear bands and emplacement of granit and pegmatitic veins. Rocks from Sagez shear zone consist of metavolca...

Sungun Porphyry Copper deposit is located 75 kilometers northwest of Ahar and 130 kilometres northwest of Tabriz. In order to model the deposit and estimate its reserve, 31068 input data gained from 152 boreholes were used. Cu grade was selected as the major regional variable on which the present research has focused. All of the available data were changed to 12.5-meter composites so that statistical equalization could be reached. Studies indicated that Cu input data had single - population characteristics. To car...

The paper presents principles and conditions of leakproof yards construction located on the inside dumps of open pits. The dump soils used as the facility foundation were described. The requirements concerning the mineral soil used for sealing beds according to the EU regulations, were presented. Based on the case study, the method of forming the sealing bed and all necessary methods of its maintenance are showed. The results of filtration coefficient measurements on the laboratory and field scale as well as reaso...

Global mapping is a international collaborative initiative through voluntary participation of national mapping organizations of the world, aiming to develop globally homogeneous geographic data set at the ground resolution of 1km, and to establish concrete partnership among governments, NGOs, private sectors, data providers and users to share information and knowledge for sound decision-making. The primary objective of Global Map project is to contribute to the sustainable development through the provision of base...

GPS technology in geodesy is using for positioning of the geodetic points and the points from geodetic surveying in global coordinate system WGS84. In the Republic of Macedonia, as in the other countries of the south eastern Europe, were established GPS networks of the first range, but without increasing its density. If we have a fact that there are not astronomic-geodetic and gravimetrical measurements with the aim to define the local geoids more accuracy, it is clearly that can not be done massif and precise GPS...

Geochemical prospecting is one of the most useful methods in mining deposits exploration. For most of minerals and elements, geochemical data are reliable and helpful. As these methods are not expensive we can use theme in large scale. But non of these methods ( based on sampling from rocks, stream sedimentary, soil, water etc.) are complete and need complementary methods such as heavy mineral study, geophysics, remote sensing etc. Heavy mineral study is one of the best complementary methods. Based on this method ...

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can effect plant growth and development in two different ways: indirectly or directly. Indirect promotion of plant growth occurs when these bacteria decrease or prevent some of the deleterious effects of phytopathogenic microorganism. The most important way is the direct way, when bacteria promote plant growth by providing the plant with a compound that is synthesized by the bacteria from plant rhizosphere. From this point of view there are many studies that show the imp...

In this article, pollution of ecological systems with heavy metals and their hazardous effects were investigated as a view of waste management. Several industries from mining to electroplating produce large volumes of wastewater containing heavy metals. These wastewater cause accumulation of heavy metals through ecological circle in soil, plants and animals which directly enter human food chains presenting a high hazardous effect on consumers. They may cause severe damage of the kidney, reproductive system, liver,...

Due to Internet development and the expansion of the communication network, the services lately delivered by administration and municipalities have improved by granting customers e- access to administrative databases. Several servers for geographical information are already available in the Internet. However, they encompass primarily geographical objects, roads, and the maximum level they reach is address. There is no data about estates, their owners, coordinates of the boundaries’ points, public areas, function...

It is well known that, many kinds of industrial organic waste can be used for biogas production, but the biogas and methane yields depend on the biodegrability of the compounds in raw material. Recent studies are aimed to increase the biodegradability of organic matter by many pretreatment processes. In this study, belt-filter press sludge which has been taken from the waste water treatment plant of ETAP, has been used in experiments, basic and/or microwave radiation (MW) pretreatments have been carried out in ord...

In this study, optimum enriching possibilities of Topraktepe chromite ore were investigated by shaking table. Shaking table tests were carried out using -1000+500, -500+300, -300 +212, 212+106, -75+53, -53+38 $\mu$m particle sizes and 1000 g samples. From the experimental results, the obtained optimum results are as follow: -300+212 $\mu$m particle size, 12 mm shaking stroke, 6o table angle, \% 25 solid ratio, 300 rpm shake frequency.

Heavy metals in wastewater are quite important because of being toxic effect for public health. Wastewaters that contain heavy metals are generally caused by industries discharged, either after primary treatment or even no-treatment farmers in Konya use wastewater for irrigation that discharged into canal. This causes soil pollution also decreases plant quality. Heavy metals can reach to humans and animals and causes toxic effects through food-chain. The aim of this study is determining heavy metal accumulation on...

Salt weathering is a process of rock disintegration that takes place in a variety of environments and affects many kinds of rocks. Salt crystallization is one of the most important degradation mechanisms on the effect of rock weathering. Salt weathering is especially effect on the pores rock and affects the rocks, which contains cracks and micro cracks. In this study, the resistance of stones against salt weathering was estimated by ultrasonic measurements and weight loss approximation. Experiments were carried ac...

A possibility for fixing of the location and approximate sizes of the terrestrial surface regions which are situated above solids with anomalous mass is considered .The precise gravimetric measurРµments are combined with observations by navigation GPS receivers for marking of the preliminary designed gravimetric stations. The interpretation of received anomalous field is preceded by an analytical removal of a regional background. The expedience of the chosen method is well founded and supported by an example of a ...

The paper presents definitions of nature risks and disasters. The mapping of the risk processes is discussed in the direction of educational purposes. International organizations publish information brochures about how to teach children correct behavior and preparation for natural disasters. Questions as “What do you do in case of an emergency” are discussed. Standards and technologies related to emergency management are considered. Some examples of maps and methods of mapping for young and older students are ...

For identification, preliminary selection and mapping of potential sites for regional waste landfills methods are applied, which are based on modern technologies - remote sensing, automated procedures in GIS environment for reduction of selected potential sites on the basis of pre-set categories and criteria as well as computer-aided visual interpretation of vector and raster data from the “CORINE Land Cover 2000 - Bulgaria” project. Office activities are followed by field investigations during which the main ...

The selective bio-solubilization of mineral sulphide deposits has had an upward development lately due to the irreversible depletion of the ore deposits and the accumulation of large quantities of refuse dumps, the process being equally important for the economy and the environment. This paper aims at carrying out a quantitative assay of both the heterotrophic and the sulphur-oxidising bacteria of the Thiobacillus genus found in samples of mine waters collected from the Barza and Valea Morii mining sites in the Ap...

Based on a two-level model for the zone of non-reversible deformations that is produced near mine working, bifurcation-type criterion is developed for stability of heterogeneous rock mass. A new approach to calculate parameters of mine working lining has been proposed. It is based on the treatment on energy balance of “lining-rock mass". Geomechanical criteria of mine working lining stability are obtained.

One of the most critical and complicated steps in mine design is to select an suitable mining method based upon geological, geotechnical, geographical and economical parameters. Since there are many factors involved for the selection of mining method, which is decision-making process, the problem is very difficult to solve. In this paper, Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) with 18 criteria is used to develop a suitable mining method for the Reza Abad ballclay \& bauxite ore dep...

Modelling of air pollution parameters, according to the meteorological data is a necessary for preventing the repetition of same problems. During recent years, neural network-based models have been shown to be powerful tools in the simulation of variations in air quality and provide better alternative to statistical models because of their computational efficiency and generalization ability. In this study, prediction of future daily SO2 concentrations in Konya (Turkey) using MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) artificial ...

Instrument Optic Electron Service Co. (IOES Co.) is a company which distributes and supports bulgarian surveying and mine surveying market with motorized optical total stations based on laser direct reflex measurement, 3D full-panoramic long range laser scanning systems and at last but not least with effective GPS and GIS solutions. All these three separate bundles of instruments, which are also interdependent and are used for remote rapid creation of precise 3D digital models of large, hard to approach and danger...

We present a method for the neutralisation of heavy metals – Pb, Zn, Cd and Cr in contaminated water and soils by binding them into water-insoluble complexes, inabsorbable by plants, which was found to be effective under laboratory and green-house conditions. By introducing multiblock copolyethers (MBPE) and low molecular weight organic chelates (LOC) in water, containing heavy metal ions, they interact stoichiometrically and precipitate, affording water of irrigation quality. Treatment with MBPE and LOC (by sin...

Norm Statements Actual that settle the questions related to the execution of industrial explosive work are considered in the report. There are shown the main requirements stationary for all who execute some industrial explosive works and actions with explosive materials.

The major impact of early mining resulted from the establishment of this mine tailings, which neutralized hundreds hectares of land, which due poor management and neglect have been subjected to varying degrees of water and wind erosion. Environmental impacts range from water pollution (acid mine drainage derived from oxidation of sulphides, mainly pyrite, and the heavy metals in the Mooteh mine tailings), air pollution in the form of airborne dust from unrehabilitated, partially rehabilitated and reprocessed mine ...

The problem is described with the concepts of the mathematical programming. The system UE can be valued with the execution of the participant’s goals – students, lecturers, state, contractors, parents and the rest of society. The optimization has to be done with the following limitations: • Capacity (the opportunity of the students to assistance) • Capacity (the opportunity of the lecturers to teach) • Financial means • Normative (rightful and administrative) boundaries The result – oriented function...

The peculiarity of mass transfer in such environment is that motion between the outer surface of the blocks and their inside develops in time creating delay in the response of the blocks to pressure changes in fractures surrounding them. Analysis of these processes on mathematical models has determined that at a certain combination of the flow kinetic parameters a differentiation of pressure distribution in blocks and large fractures occurred. As a result, in filtering of poorly compressible fluids a pressure disi...

This paper is devoted to geological and geophysical exploration of Sarband graphite deposits in Markazi province of Iran includes Khanadarreh Bala and Vesmestan deposits. Geological methods include trenching and drilling test pits and exploratory holes, sampling and analyzing with XRD and chemical analysis. This method show that Khanadarreh Bala deposits has purer graphite than Vesmestan and hosted in schistisited rocks and has higher continuity than Vesmestan deposit. Geophysical methods include SP ,mise-a-la-mas...