Browse

The paper considers the main natural and technogenic factors forming the ecological state of the underground space and its influence on the long-term stability of buildings in such megalopolises as Saint Petersburg. Various contamination sources of Saint Petersburg underground environment, including sandy-clayey sediments, groundwater, gases of different genesis, microorganisms, as well as above-ground and underground structures, are analysed. Peculiar natural and technogenic processes, which activation or develop...

The article deals with the preparation of the Historical Atlas of the Czech Republic. The atlas will include maps displaying important historical events of the 20th century. The project is a follow-up to the successful Academic Atlas of Czech History, published in 2014, within which numerous classical and innovative maps covering selected events of the Czech history were created. The new Historical Atlas of the Czech Republic aims to extend and further develop selected 20-century topics from the Academic Atlas of ...

The forest is generally recognized as a major environmental and stabilizing factor in the country. Its stability is currently significantly influenced by changing climatic conditions. They are an important factor in a determining species composition of forest ecosystems, as well as ecophysiological and production processes directly linked to the overall performance and stability of forest stands. Dry summer months and warmer winters with negative anthropogenic activities actually create more favorable conditions f...

In this paper it has been analyzed the water quality from a total of nine wells located in Radovan village, as sources of drinking water from groundwater aquifers. For this, in 2012 there has been collected a total of 567 samples, monthly from March to November, analyzing the content of ammonium, nitrate, chloride, potassium, sodium, phosphate and pH. Analyzing the content of nitrates can be seen that, except well no. 1, in March and April in all other wells, to the data of determinations, nitrate content exceeds ...

In water scarce districts of the Akmola region the areas were revealed, perspective for carrying out exploration on underground waters and the card of forecast resources of underground waters of the Akmola region of scale 1:1 000 000 is constituted. As the main methods of researches are used: decryption of satellite images using cloudless fragments of space pictures of Landsat-8 from 2013 for 2016. In case of decryption of satellite images of the Akmola region comic pictures of the territory on 6 sites are process...

Generally, there are 3 basic approaches to fire modelling. The oldest one is full scale modelling, than the small-scale modelling and finally PC simulation modelling such as FDS. If we compare the basic properties of these three approaches, we can compare following criteria. The most important is accuracy, relative costs, professional competence, time of preparation and very important is also the number of possible iterations within a short time period. The highest accuracy still belongs to full-scale models. Full...

Evaluating geomorphologic conditions in the areas of gullies spreading represents an important step in the capitalization of land and spatial planning. The research was carried out in the Apold Depression (Southern Transylvania, Romania), a submontainous area of approximately 280 km2 characterized by homogeneous physical-geographical and anthropogenic conditions. Gullies (ravines) have been identified on an area of 33 km2 (11.79% of the depression). Morphometric assessment of the conditions of gullies spreading wa...

Economists usually apply quantitative methods for analysing economic data. Most of this data has a connection to a particular place or space. In geography, the location plays a crucial role, and together with attributes of such location it represents geospatial data. Collaborative work of economists and geographers (geoinformaticians) offer great opportunities in geospatial-economic data analysis and visualisation. Joining two relatively distinct disciplines brings added value for both economy and geography. In ot...

The work is aimed at evaluating the effects of deep coal mining on the landscape in the Jestrebi Mountains (Czech Republic), where coal had been mined for more than 400 years. Changes in the landscape are described, especially new dominant features that arose from coal mining. These are mainly spoil heaps that were either reclaimed or left for natural regeneration, but also other objects used for different purposes ? brownfields. The impact of coal mining on the character of the landscape in the region is assessed...

Numerous data on the negative impact of pollutants on the environment indicate the necessity of industrial and sewage water treatment. This problem is actual in the territories of the tailings dams situated in the Kemerovo Region (Ursk and Komsomolsk tailings sites, Russia). In these tailings sites, the main source of pollution is the mine drainages containing copper, zinc, arsenic, and antimony. In the absence of reliable protective devices, pollutants can enter to the soil, surface and groundwater, having a sign...

This study focuses on the analysis of the impact of land use changes on the flood regime in the Myjava River basin located in the Western Slovakia. The Myjava River basin has an area of 641.32 km2 and is typical for the formation of fast runoff processes, intensive soil erosion and muddy floods. The main factors responsible for the problems with flooding and soil erosion are location, geology, pedology, agricultural land use and cropping practices. A GIS-based spatially distributed WetSpa rainfall-runoff model was...

On the basis of data on the temporal dynamics of cross-border flow of the Ural River and the dynamics of the climate in the region during the twentieth century, as well as information about changes in land use and economic activity of surface runoff estimated sensitivity to climate change. Changing of a climatic temperature within 0.50? and rainfall of 10 mm results in a change of water flow rate of 110 m? / s flow and 20 m? / s accordingly. Clearly, therefore, the is a high sensitivity of runoff from even weak cl...

The aim of this paper is to study geochemical features of children?s hair in areas of influence of tailings from mining and identify how pollution in mining areas affects composition of hair. Children were selected for the study because they almost never migrate and are not occupationally exposed to pollution. Hair samples were collected from children living in two villages of Kemerovo Oblast (Russia) located in territories adjacent to Komsomolsk and Ursk tailings in 2015. 62 elements were detected in the hair by ...

In many practical cases a composite column can be made-up as completely encased section or a concrete- filled section. In case of the composite steel-concrete members, the mechanism by which shear stresses can be transferred over the interface between the structural steel component and the encased concrete are adhesion, interface interlocking and friction, which are referred to as the natural bond. If the natural bond is not enough to achieve the required shear resistance there is the possibility of using mechanic...

The paper discusses issues concerning load tests carried out on a twin-track, arch railway bridge over the Martwa Wisla river in Gdansk. Currently, it is the bridge with the longest span in its class in Poland. The load-bearing structure consists of three no-hinge arches and an orthotropic deck suspended from them. The studies of the structure assumed the performing of static and dynamic tests. The paper presents the method for carrying out geodetic measurements during static tests as well as the analysis of obtai...

Storage, protection and recycling of explosives, gunpowder and rocket fuel obtained from utilized ammunitions is significant problem. It requires, special services for safety and corresponding additional expenses on security and ecology. Same time, they are energetic materials and attractive for chemical and mining industry. One of the main directions for solving the above-mentioned problems is application of utilized ammunition for development of new industrial explosives for mining industry. Implementation of ne...

Forecasting of viscosity value in blending of oil products is an important production task, settlement thereof influence the selection of its pumping mode and a number of other technological aspects. Quite high-precision models have been offered for the objects similar in viscosity, but at significantly different value of viscosity for the mixture components there is a great error. Graphic diagrams of interaction of petroleum-bitumen suspension-kerosene mixture viscosity at various ratios of its components and var...

The paper presents an innovative strain and temperature measurement method using the fibre Bragg grating (FBG) technology to monitor the design and operating safety of selected underground mining machinery and equipment. The system is based on the fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors or sensors using the optical time domain reflectometry (Optical Time Domain Reflectometry) technology. The essence of the solution is to introduce FBG sensors into the structure to make them act as its ?nervous system?. Compared to class...

Monitoring the status of air quality is the set of activities leading to the discovery of the environment and monitoring the evolution of air pollution in time. Knowledge of the environment is not the primary objective of monitoring, but a means of predicting its further development and designing sustainability measures. A clear statement of the objectives of monitoring is a vital precondition for the correctness of the decision about monitoring pollutants, how and where they should be monitored and the accuracy a...

Assessments conducted by the various failures analytical groups shows that failures of cylinder liners, piston rings and pistons all related to combustion chambers share the highest proportion every year in Marine Main Engines failure statistics by component part, conversely, excessive wear of cylinder liners and piston rings of Main Engines and problems associated with scuffing have frequently occurred. To solve these problems, it is necessary to conduct analytical assessments on a variety of data such as actual ...

In modern mining a tendency is observed to extend underground development of near open-pit reserves in thick ore deposits because of increase of open-pits ready to complete open mining operations or technical elimination. Researchers of Mining Institute KSC RAS have established that when developing the near open-pit reserves by mining systems of ore and country rock caving, the parameters of ore excavation and mining safety increase due to controlling ore drawing and constructing a thermal insulating layer. The ma...

During the biomass densification can be recognized various technological variables and also material parameters which significantly influences the final solid biofuels quality. The paper deals with the experimental research of the relationship between technological variables and material parameters during densification of acacia wood sawdust. The main goal of presented experimental research is to determine the relationship between compression pressure, pressing temperature and raw material moisture content and par...

Rare earth elements (REE) are strategic resources, with an elevated risk of supply instability. Significant price fluctuations related to monopoly in REE mining and production increase interest in alternative sources of acquisition. Substantial growth in demand for REE in the next decade is projected. As a potential alternative sources of REE is considered recycling of electronic waste and the processing of ashes from the incineration of municipal waste. Also the reprocessing of mining waste, both from current pro...

The main parameter for calculation of waterway openings of bridges and pipes, as well as cross sections of water-draining meliorative ditches, is maximum water flow rate. So, the reliable calculation of this parameter is essential for selection of appropriate design solutions. Snow melt flood volume is mainly determined by the volume of water stored in the snow cover when melting begins, and flow rate ? by the rash of spring snow melt flood. In its turn, snow stock is considerably depends on the degree of coverage...

We developed based on GIS method for model decision implementation to manage the process of ensuring environmental safety. Management of environmental safety requires forming processes with predetermined properties. This work presents a control concept based on synthesis, which allows fulfilling these requirements. To do this, we discussed the dialectic of the social, economic, technical-technological systems and their influence on the processes of environmental security. We show that the control of the process of...

In past decades design of experiments and simulation analysis have been recognised as powerful tools for resource efficiency improvement in various areas of technics and technology, especially for energy-consuming industries such as ceramics production. Silicon carbide ceramics is widely used for structural applications, yet production of such materials invokes high temperatures and sintering aids, thus it becomes an important task to carefully adjust ceramics compositions and methods of manufacturing. Promising s...

The Kungurian salt domes are widely pervasive in the Pre-Caspian depression, so that the post-salt Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic deposits disturbed considerably by salt tectonics. Salt structures formed mainly in the upper Permian time, at the end of which salt massifs broke this thick stratum and they were intensively dislocated. In the Mesozoic period, there was a moderate redistribution of salt, which resulted in uplift of Triassic to Cretaceous deposits on the top of salt bodies. Salt movements affect the posts...

In the article provided assessment of water supply sufficiency of agricultural lands of South Kazakhstan which is the region of pasturable livestock farming and irrigated crop farming. The regional specific of irrigation of pasturable land and arable land is described, the sources of water supply are determined and their technical condition is estimated, the territories where irrigation of agricultural lands assessed as critical are detected. The solution of such tasks will allow to work out scientifically justifi...

The report is dealing with the categorization of the agricultural landscape. Present classificatory systems of the landscape were analysed as the source material hereby, in preference, were soil, geographic and production specifics of individual Slovak region considered. On the background of vector data on extension of the soil-ecological regions of Slovakia using geographic information systems, it was possible to detach five types of agricultural landscape on the base of real production parameters of the individu...

The effect of mastitis on the content and composition of the milk lipids is not fully known yet, the literature presenting numerous contradicting data. In this work it was aimed to emphasize the modifications occurred at the level of the composition in fatty acids and cholesterol, as well as to establish the level of peroxidation of lipids in the milk resulting from cows with sub-clinical mastitis as compared to the milk resulting from healthy cows. Thus, within the researches carried out in 2016 in Olt county the...

A methodology to obtain an intelligent miniaturized three-axial gyro detection unit is exposed in this paper. The presented mechanism is based on the on-line estimation and compensation of the sensors errors generated by the environmental temperature variation. Because these kind of errors are in a strongly nonlinear complex dependence of the values of environmental temperature and of the angular speed exciting the sensor on each of the three sensing axis, their correction may not be done off-line and requires an ...

Thermo-electric power stations using coal are very important and complex polluters, due to the chimneys for burning gas evacuation which represent the main high sources of environmental pollution, while the ash dumps ? are lower sources. The Doice?ti thermoelectric power station built in 1952 is located in the Subcarpathian hill area, on the Ialomi?a Valley, constituting a source of heavy metals pollution of this zone. From the geographical viewpoint, the studied territory can be included in the Subcarpathian Curv...

A significant part of the salinized lands is situated in the continental Asia. These areas include the south of Western Siberia, part of the south of Eastern Siberia, including Zabaikalye and Yakutia, Kazakhstan, the republics of Central Asia and Caucasus, the central part of China, Mongolia, Turkey, Iran and India. In Yakutia the 27,7% of farmland territories consists of frozen salinized soils, mainly concentrated in the central part of Yakutia. Such problems as the distribution of natural salts in the soil profi...

Development of new nanostructured carbon sorbents with desired properties is an important task. This corresponds to the carbon-containing sorbents, i.e. active alternative coals, because their usage puts forward increasingly stringent requirements to their strength and structural characteristics. Determination of active centers in sorbents, understanding of mechanisms, which form coal-mineral sorbents, allow to make process of synthesis controlled, and thus provides obtaining of carbon-containing sorbents with cer...

Ostrava city and Karvina city has a long history of mining. Over time in Ostrava there has been a decline in mining activity. But closed coal mine may be performed in the correct disposal of heavy burden on their surroundings. One of the biggest dangers are the outputs of mine gases. If gas leaks into a confined space, there is an accumulation of gas and may result in an explosion. The article presents two cases of methane explosions, which were noticed in the Ostrava-Karvina coalfield. Such an explosion had a dev...

This study has focused on macrophytes in eight South Urals lakes such as Bolshoye Miassovo, Maloye Miassovo, Bolshoy Ishkul, Bolshoy Tatkul, Argayash, Savelkul, Baraus and Ilmenskoye. Bolshoye Miassovo, Bolshoy Ishkul, Bolshoy Tatkul, Argayash, Savelkul, Baraus are on the territory of the Ilmen State Reserve and may be considered conventionally undisturbed. Maloye Miassovo and Ilmenskoye being outside the Reserve are under the human impact of an additional eutrophic factor as there are villages and resorts in the ...

The goal of this article is answering the question about what role can be played - as well as what role is actually being played - by thermal waste processing plants in Poland. The beginning of the XXI century is a time of new pro-environmental ideas. This is associated with an increase in the awareness of societies regarding the necessity of protecting the planet that we live on, as well as with the depletion of the natural resources that are at our disposal. In the face of such intense environmental changes, it ...

Variable rate application (VRA) of mineral nitrogen fertilizers (NF) represents one of the parts of the new farming practice ? precision agriculture. VRA has been developed to address the spatial variability of fields and vegetation. The objective of this study was to assess the potential effect of VRA of NF on qualitative parameters of grain and grain yield in real farm conditions. Assessment of the potential effect of VAR of NF application was performed in Spearhead Czech Company which has been using VAR technol...

First results about crustal models were obtained from various geophysical and seismological methods applied in Romania in the last part of XX century. A thorough interpretation of these data lead to the first partial models of crustal structure in the western part of Romania. In the first years after 2000 two regional seismic refraction lines were performed within a close cooperation with German partners from University of Karlsruhe. One of these lines is Vrancea 2001, with 420 km in length, almost half of the eve...

Authors examined particularities in shelf oil and gas production. Social-economic aspects have been revealed of consequences during underwater production and pipeline transportation of hydrocarbon crude. Volumes of losses from emergencies at pipelines and platforms were analyzed with differentiation of principal world shelf oil and gas production regions. Loss volumes were estimated for the North-Eastern European region with reference to components of hydrocarbon production and transportation systems. Methodical a...

The article presents the didactic values of playground areas. The text is depicted by examples of playground areas that accompanied the horticultural exhibition BUGA 2015 (Bundesgartenschau) in Havel region in Germany. Specific colours, shapes and materials used in these spaces bring adolescent users closer to nature. In urbanised environment it seems to be more and more important to form environmentally friendly attitude since early childhood. Joyful memories of safe, colourful spaces, where children can 'touch' ...

This paper consist of creating a conceptual model of the first aquifer identified in the central area of Bucharest. The conceptual model was developed in three stages: the spatial schematization, the parametric schematization and the hydrodynamic schematization, based on data from geotechnical boreholes. Mathematical modeling of groundwater flow requires knowing the entire system, from the geological and spatial distribution of permeable geological structures to hydrogeological parameters of the aquifer (hydraulic...

We aimed at identifying the microbial response and associated release of CO2 and CH4 in/from thawing soil that has been permanently frozen. For that we performed an in situ field-based incubation experiment in a rim of ice-wedge polygon on Samoylov island, Lena Delta, Russia (72°22?N, 126°28?E). Frozen "buried' organic matter were taken from eroded Lena river bank and transferred to the soil surface in a rim of ice-wedge polygon. The principle includes that formerly frozen soil is moved to the active layer, but st...

National Institute for Earth Physics (NIEP) has started the development of its own realtime seismic network since 2002. The network is designed to monitor the seismic activity on Romania territory, which is dominated by intermediate earthquake from the Vrancea area. In present the network consist of 115 seismic stations and two seismic array. The seismic stations are equipped with Quanterra Q330 or Basalt digitizers, broad-band seismometers (STS2, CMG40T, CMG 3ESP, CMG3T, PBB-200s) or shortperiod sensors (MARK L4C...

Pore space characterization is an essential element of reservoir characterization, often based on combination of different laboratory techniques. The study concerns mercury injection capillary pressure, low field nuclear magnetic resonance, gas permeability measurements and X-ray diffraction analysis on Miocene sandstones and mudstones. Core samples were taken from several boreholes from the Siedleczka area, which is located in an important gas province of Poland ? the Miocene Carpathian Foredeep Basin (southeaste...

Engineering novel material structures has continually been pursued to further advance modern technologies. These advancements often rely on novel processing technologies. Although many processing parameters have been thoroughly examined in the field of composition coatings, the formation processes are an exception. In this work, we examine the unique microstructures of composite electrolytic coatings, obtaining from electrolytes-suspension which contains nano-size particles of SiO2 and carbon. Metallographic resea...

Detecting people in videos or images in order to interpret their behaviour is nowadays an important part of safety and security monitoring. Detection of persons in videos is more challenging than detection of any other moving objects, be it animals or vehicles. This paper reviews the recent work on a developing tool - STATBOX for spatial analysis and modelling. STATBOX concept is based on the video data collection for a given territory, which can be taken using different devices such as mobile phones, surveillance...

Fractal geometry in recent years became an useful tool used in many scientific fields. One of the directions of development of that tool was also an attempt as using it for describing the morphology and granulometry of solid phase contained in various suspensions. The solid phase can come from different sources, such as municipal process (e.g. water treatment) or industrial process (e.g. metallurgy/steel industry or mineral processing). Suspensions on which one can come across in industry tend to be grainy and the...

One of the key trends in the sector of information and communication technology (ICT) is the Internet of Things (IoT). It allows the connection of two planes ? the real and the virtual. This concept assumes that different devices and objects which use sensors can communicate with computers or exchange the collected data via the computer network. This can have a positive impact on the management of complaints, in particular those systems where applications are a manifestation of dissatisfaction internal customer. T...

Groundwater is one of our most important natural resources. Groundwater is the source of about 33 % of the water that county and city water departments supply to public supply. Statistics show that groundwater is use for more than 90 % of the rural population who do not get their water delivered to them from a county/city water department or private water company. In this sense, groundwater quality plays an invaluable in rural zone plays. This paper aims to identify qualitative status of groundwater in rural zones...