Browse

Contemporary measurements of the bottom during hydrographic sounding use modern multibeam systems and precise positioning one. Determination of coordinates of acoustic wave's reflection points on the bottom is based on transformation coordination sets: connected with positioning system and echosounder's transduces(s) based on CoG - Center of Gravity and spatial orientation determined by MRU - Motion Reference Unit.Despite using mentioned devices (systems), in the geospatial data cloud there are incorrect points, w...

Aromatic and medicinal plants are an important source of antimicrobial molecules, especially in volatile extracts. The genus Thymus is considered among the richest general in secondary metabolites. In this context, this work examines on the study of the extraction of the organic compound by steam soxlhet of a species endemic Thymus numidicus from Bouira. These naturals? substances are recovered by differents solvents; aqueous, ethanolic, and methalonic. On the other hand, the determination of the antimicrobial act...

Maps are the fundamental documents supporting the process of crisis management. It is important that the events formed on them were presented in the most credible and legible way. Legible, meaning that they should depict credible spatial information on the basis of presented spatial data. Only such formulation guarantees aid of the highest quality and organisation of actions during crisis situations. They also constitute extremely valuable content showing spatial location of the threats which have already occurred...

Dynamic social development results in growing demands for sustainable human activities. Implementation of the sustainable development ideas should be also applied in designing and development of commercial sites. The sustainable construction industry should improve the quality of operations performed by users of such facilities. It should also influence the level of satisfaction of their users and generate benefits for them and for the local society within the area where such facilities have been located. The pape...

In all countries, many practical observation and theoretical studies are devoted on the soil and water erosion. However, there are still significant shortcoming in theoretical and experimental parts due to the underestimation of its physical causes and excessive enthusiasm of "empirical formulas", which is not often taken into account the elementary physical conditions in erosion processes, so the responses are not very accurate. There is also other useful model which is called GIS; the model is very powerful to e...

One of the main environmental issues of society today is the continuous increase in the amount of organic waste. Sustainable organic waste management no longer supports old practices that involved uncontrolled releases, landfill storage or incineration. A potential solution is converting organic matter into energy. Previous papers dealt with energy recovery of animal proteins and fats from tanneries into biogas and biodiesel after separation of the two components by pressing-centrifugation at temperatures of 60-80...

Determination of soil properties is based on soil sampling with low resolution (1- 2 or more samples per hectare) and their analysis in the laboratory. This method does not provide sufficient data to highlight the significant variability of the soil properties for the analysed parcel. This leads to a uniform distribution of the nutrients that can also be synthetic chemical substances (pollutants). Since the soil properties can influence plants growth, high-resolution mapping is required by the help of some sensors...

This paper presents a technical solution proposed for the mining drilling equipment command system, used for digging the horizontal mining works. The manufacturing industry of mining machinery in Romania and from different countries achieved a wide range of equipment for digging the horizontal mining works. As a result of the activity undertaken by a research team from the University of Petrosani, the drilling equipment?s with one manipulator arm (IMP-1) and two manipulator arms (IMP-2) were designed and construct...

The conversion of the solar energy depends mostly on the irradiance of the Sun at the level of the photovoltaic panel. Another significant factor that modifies the solar energy conversion is the temperature at the surface of the PV panel. The energy output of the Sun is fairly constant, but the solar irradiance varies significantly from one hour to another and changes throughout the day. In this paper we are presenting the design of a simple but effective MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracker) charge controller based ...

The annual extraction of aggregates in the Czech Republic is between 45 - 50 mega tones. [5]. Many studies for better results of quarries are undertaken. In this paper is solved the question of optimizing. The relationships between different production processes in quarries are very important matter. On the relationships between the manufacturing processes depends the economic effect of operation. The paper presents patterns in the organization of mining, which mutually related. Using computational methods and the...

Construction, rehabilitation and maintenance of land communication use large quantities of material from processing plants (earth, natural aggregates including filler and binder). It is noted, however, that their diversity is limited. It is recommended to introduce and promote manufacturing technologies that have a low environmental impact. An artificial material used for road structure is the steel slag from steelworks. Ferrous metallurgical slag processing plant benefits in terms of environmental protection, in ...

The paper presents a system for monitoring of operational safety of ferromagnetic structures used in civil engineering, machine construction and power engineering. The system is based on sensors of the residual magnetic field (RMFM) distribution. A change in values of individual components of the residual magnetic field informs in advance about the appearance of areas with a raised level of stresses or stress concentration zones and identifies micro cracks. The paper presents numerous examples of identification of...

In Western Romanian Carpathians most of the permanent grasslands are comprised in High Nature Value areas, they being used in extensive manner. The main constraints reflected on the grasslands from the analysed area are represented by depopulation and decrease of the number of grazing animals. One of the main consequences of the decrease of the anthropic pressure on the vegetation sward is the increase of the incidence of the invasive native and non-native plants species. In some situations they are producing grea...

Tonsteins are rocks which, due to their origin, mineral make-up and structure, are valuable petrographic benchmarks in the monotonously formed Carbon coal-bearing formation of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland. Mineralogical study of tonsteins is important with relation to learning more about their tuffogenic protolith. It can also serve as one of the criteria when differentiating tonstein horizons with a similar texture: structure, granulation, directions and intensity of transformations of the tuffogenic m...

This paper presents a new approach to the evaluation of dynamic soil strength based on the hypothesis of discreteness of the deformation process - a method of self-excited vibration. This method was first discovered at the sandy soil shear test. The destruction of the soil is viewed as cyclical and consists of two phases: the static and dynamic. On static stage deformation is slow, with energy accumulation. In the dynamic there is a rapid discharge, accompanied by a sharp increase in strain. Self-excited vibration...

The correlation between the spatial variability of basic soil chemical properties (soil pH-value, content of available phosphorus and potassium) and winter wheat yield was studied. The mentioned parameters were observed on the one 11-hectare field located in north-eastern part of Slovak Republic. The field was divided on the grid 50x50 metres for soil sampling. Totally were sampled 37 soil samples. The soil samples were analysed for pH value and contents of available phosphorus and potassium. Next the basic statis...

In the study presented were used Pandorea jasminoides cuttings, they were planted in three different periods and treated with rooting stimulants. It was followed the rooting rate, depending on the period of the planting cuttings and depending on rooting substance that has been used. The experiment was conducted in a closed greenhouse in the Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry in Timisoara. Considering the three periods of initiation of the process of rooting cuttings, Pandorea jasminoides averages were recorded c...

The technological progress did assure in the past the desire of the humanity to increase the quality of life. The developments did however emphasize that beside wanted effects of technological progress, undesired effects can appear. In order to find solutions for this dilemma, global debates on scientific and political levels started some time ago. In the Brundtland Report 1987 the concept of sustainable development has been defined and accepted as a possible solution for the global complex problems. When consider...

The article presents our own solution of a monitoring information system developed on base of experience learned from completed projects. Information system integrates automated data collection by geodetic and non-geodetic sensors, and presentation of data through a web interface. The measuring part of the system supports data collection by multiple types of sensors. At present are pluggable leveling sensors (Leica DNA03, Leica Sprinter), GNSS sensors (Leica System 1200), 3D sensors (robotic total station Topcon G...

Due to the continuously growing of industrialization and businesses in this new era of globalization the interaction with society and the environment put unknown marks on both sides. Human development through industrialization, especially in the twentieth century, represents an intrusion into the overall balance that maintains the earth as a habitable place. Interaction between industry and the environment tends to become increasingly complex. Efforts improving human standard living, through the control of nature ...

The major changes occurred in Romanian mining industry imposed by the transition to the market economy, concentration of extraction to fewer output units in deeper seams, the high gas emission rates and coal rank, other current specific trends requires new methods to produce the optimum design and operation of a safe and economic methane drainage system. Under the circumstances, the paper describes a mathematical model together with a computer-aided optimization strategy to assist the analysis of the differences b...

Alkylphenols (APs) are toxic, xenobiotic substances classified as endocrine disruptors, which have a negative effect on the hormonal system of many organisms including humans. APs are among the ubiquitous environmental contaminants and are frequent contaminants in wastewater. Alkylphenols are starting materials for the production of many surfactants and antioxidant stabilizers used in commercial products like detergents, plastics and textiles. They are used in the synthesis of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) and ar...

The study investigates the degree of heavy-metals contamination of a non-timber forest species in terms of food chain contamination (plants-animals/plants-man) in an area with a historical pollution in the context of ceasing the main activity of the major air pollutant, Sometra S.A. Copsa Mica, since 2009. The heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd) content in common blackberry (leaf and fruit), was determined in eleven sampling areas located at different distances and altitudes, in the forestry area surrounding the city...

The erosion of the soil is characterized for the disaggregation and transport of the superficial material, promoted by the hydric or eolic action, leading to the impoverishment of the soil, and in extreme cases to the desertification. This process is complex and depends on a multiplicity of factors that differ in the time and space, whose universality and simultaneous particularities, becomes it difficult to equate and to quantify. Modeling can provide a quantitative and consistent approach to estimate soil erosio...

The paper presents the results of the study on the local variability of accumulation index of cobalt in the shale series of part of the "Rudna" Cu-Ag deposit (the Lubin-G?og?w Copper District, LGOM). The Lubin-G?og?w mining district is a world-class copper-silver, stratabound ore deposit located in the SW Poland, in the area of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline. The average cobalt content for the sandstone and carbonate series was about 30 ppm. Meanwhile, the highest value of this parameter (280 ppm) was found for the sh...

In the process of geoid determination one of the most important problems is to determine the effect of topographic masses. Traditionally, solving that particular problem started with the reduction of gravity on the geoid and subsequent calculations the effects of the reduction on the value of the geoid undulations i.e. calculating the indirect effect of reduction. In this paper a model of the indirect effect of Helmert method of condensation over the territory of Serbia was shown. The model was created on the in 5...

Up to 50% of arable land is threatened by water erosion in the Czech Republic. Annually, water erosion causes billions of dollars of damage. It is especially reflected in the reduction in value of agricultural land and yield of the erosion damaged soil. In erosion affected areas, the soil is washed off and depleted of the finest particles binding nutrients and contributing to the formation of humus. In our study, we include five effects of water erosion on the content and quality of humus in chernozem, in topsoil,...

Starting with the year 2020, all new buildings in the European Union, must meet the requirements imposed by laws on energy efficiency. Romania is an EU member country, accordingly must also respect these provisions. In the present study, we identified new hybrid elements for construction of closing/partitioning, energy efficient. These are the result of associations of construction materials with similar properties, having a very low thermal conductivity. The main materials used to make hybrid structures, energy e...

Dynamics of an ecosystem implies any changes in area borders location and replaces in the initial species composition. Generally, dynamics occurs under the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors. They always act together, diminishing or intensifying each other. The authors consider phenomenon woodlands case study, which are located on different mountain ranges both in semi damp and semiarid sectors of Altai-Sayan ecologic region. It should be noted that species composition of woodlands is various even within ...

Carbonaceous material (CM) from Outer Carpathians hydrothermal veins was investigated by Raman spectroscopy in order to reveal thermal conditions of its alteration. The studied CM as being found in association with ?marmarosh diamonds? confirms that the crystallization environment of this mysterious quartz variety is connected with thermally-influenced organic matter. Obtained temperatures in the range of 159 to 205°C are indicative for low to medium hydrothermal conditions. Presented temperatures stay in quite co...

Due to its geographical location, in the atmosphere above Romania several types of aerosol particles can be present: continental, biomass burning, and mineral dust aerosols. The vast majority of industrial facilities are located near urban areas; therefore the exposure of the human population to high concentrations of particulate matter can be significant. Although local sources are the major contributor to the air pollution in Romania, the contribution of remote sources is often significant, both aloft and near t...

The bioactive compounds in apples and pears might confer many health protective benefits by improving oxidative stress, on the other hand in case of higher than the admitted values, Heavy metals could affect health. Apple and pears are members of the Rosaceae (Rose) family, known for their pomaceous fruits. The aim of this study was to describe the quality traits, the level of antioxidant activity and polyphenol content of some apples and pears available on the Romanian market as well as the heavy metals concentra...

The chemical composition was assessed and the trends of spatial and temporal variability of river water quality in the Tuzlov and Seversky Donets basins which are main waterways of the Eastern Donbas (the west of the Rostov region, Russian Federation) were identified. River waters have a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction, are saturated with oxygen, and are characterized by high sulfate content and high mineralization (up to 6.8 g /dm3). Based on the results of the comprehensive assessment, the water quality of...

The paper consists of a method to implement a control system algorithm for an inertia wheel inverted pendulum. Like any control system application, the transfer function of the plant should be known in order to design the proper controller. The key point of this paper is that the behaviour of the plant is consider unknown, so a system identification should be done at first. Even if the classical way to obtain the transfer function is by writing the physical equations, the result obtained from system identification...

In paper the gas analyzers of new generation constructed on the basis of semiconductor sensors are considered. Application of the semiconductor gas-sensitive elements allows to solve the main objective of the modern gas analysis ? detection of vapors and gases of the wide list with high stability, the necessary selectivity and sensitivity. The semiconductor sensors allow to find substances in air in a broad range: from trace concentration 10-6 - 10-5 mg/m3 to high 500 - 800 mg/m3, owing to their developed structur...

Eco-system services, particularly agricultural eco-system services as landscape functions are defined as goods and services provided that contribute to human well-being. The aim of the study is to evaluate the capability of sustainable providing agricultural eco-services - landscapes as base of innovative activities in the rural areas. The following aspects as the tasks have been covered in the study: to evaluate sustainability aspects of Latvian agricultural landscapes, as agricultural eco-system services; to inv...

Construction and Demolition (C&D) materials which consists mostly of concrete debris were deposited on landfills. The development of road network results in an increasing demand for building aggregates which are part of the road construction unbound subbase. For decrease of investment costs and prevention of spoiling natural resources, the C&D materials, such as fly ash, steel slag or recycled concrete aggregates (RCA), were applied as a subbase mix. Among many properties influencing the quality of road material, ...

None of optical devices is perfect. Each lens has some errors, e.g. tilt, coma, spherical or chromatic aberration. The more lenses are in the optical device the more errors can reveal. All these imperfection accumulates and multiplies during the path through the optical device. It is necessary to know how the light passes through and interacts with each optical element. There are some possibilities of simulation of these defects. One of these methods is ENZ (Extended Nijboer-Zernike) theory which can be set up for...

Westphalian A marine horizon Dunbarella is especially important for correlation of Carboniferous in the Lublin Coal Basin (LCB), and in the other basins of the Northwest European Carboniferous Basin (NWECB). Within the horizon Dunbarella an abundant fauna, mainly Mollusca (predominantly bivalves, goniatites, gastropods) and Brachiopoda, were identified. The distribution of fauna in the analysed horizon within the investigated boreholes, fluctuates in terms of both abundance and taxonomy, and cyclic sedimentation t...

Transport systems are an important component of intra-plant logistics. Their role is the provision of transport services in order to ensure the efficient functioning of the individual processes. The quality and reliability of the transport system greatly affects the efficiency of intra-plant logistics. The extractive and mining industries are particularly sensitive to these indicators and parameters of transport technologies. The use of transport technology in this industry is dependent on a number of factors. The...

Self-compacting fibre reinforced concrete summarizes both the advantages of selfcompacting concrete: reducing environmental noise pollution, faster construction time, improved quality of concrete surfaces etc., as well as the fibres benefits: better mechanical performance, ductile failure and so on. Self-compacting fibre reinforced concrete is not currently used in Romania especially due to the lack of normative research respectively the national regulations in this particular field. One of the national research p...

The reef system (carbonate platform) is a geomorphological barrier and a sedimentary and chemical-biological filter in a directed flow of geo-biosphere processes. To carry out lithological and geochemical reconstructions of these processes, an analysis of the change in oxidation-reduction conditions, climate, intake of organic matter type and mineral composition is required. Increased attention to these carbonate platforms is due to the fact that within their boundaries hydrocarbon deposits are discovered, confine...

The article deals with the treatment of terrain and the following forestry reclamation in the Erv?nice area situated near the city Most at the foot hills of Ore Mountains. It considers the impal of using secondary energy products for the reclamation of this previously mined area on ground water, surfac ewater, air and noise. The area had previously been used as sands and gravel waste disposal and in the last years efore there clamation there had been some natural restoration of the biotopes on the brought sands ub...

Exergy analysis is a tool, which indicates how far the system departs from the state of equilibrium. Exergy has been implemented as a preferred means of characterizing the impacts of resource consumption for the purpose of improving decision-making. The present study realizes an energy and exergy analysis for a heat exchanger in operation for a district heating system. Exergy balances of a heat exchanger were therefore established to identify the thermodynamic imperfections of the process using real data. They are...

The aim of this work is the study of Congo Red removal from water by adsorption onto Zn4Al-CO3 type layered double hydroxide prepared from zinc ash. The preparation consist in dissolution of zinc ash with hydrochloric acid followed by synthesis of LDH by co-precipitation of zinc chloride with aluminum salt in alkaline media. The prepared LDH and the calcined product were utilized as adsorbents of azo dye Congo Red from water. Despite that the materials were prepared from a waste, their performances as adsorbents a...

Intensive development of industry and urbanization have led to the increase of the waste water amount that pollute water flows. On the contrary, the need for water of satisfying quality continuously grows. The paper industry is one of those branches that are characterized by very high water demand and big amount of polluted waste water. In the meantime ensuring adequate quantity and quality of water is one of the most important goal of water resources management in paper industry. Water demand can be covered from ...

Quality of trend-surface approximation of four sites on East European plain was estimated. The sites were selected under condition of location in the landform's regions with different genesis of Earth's surface according to Geomorphological map of USSR 1:2500000. This regions includes are initial plain (Caspian lowland), areas of moraine (Smolensk-Moscow upland) and erosional (Central Russian upland) relief, structural and erosional Ural?s foothills. Two types of approximation methods were used: 2D algebraic polyn...

Biological treatment is one of the most efficient process to remove biodegradable pollutants from wastewater. In practice, this process use air and activated sludge for well over a century. It is largely influenced by aeration equipment, which in addition to introducing oxygen into wastewater for oxidation of organic pollutants, they have to create hydrodynamic conditions to mix wastewater with microorganisms and with air, avoiding dead zones and microorganisms sedimentation. This stage of wastewater treatment is ...

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) has gained worldwide researchers attention as a unique and valuable plant, primarily for its medicinal and nutritional potential. The berries can be capitalized by their processing in order to obtain derived alimentary products such as, e.g. juice and jam, as well as used for flavoring of dairy products. The dried sea buckthorn berries and leaves are used for tea. Lately, due to the fact that consumers are more open to information, so their level of awareness is higher, ther...

?Body of groundwater? means a distinct volume of groundwater within an aquifer or aquifers. This paper has as main objective creating a three-dimensional lithological model using borehole data for ROIL16 ? Plain Vlasia groundwater body. RockWorks 15 is a software package for geological data management and visualization and it was chosen for analysing sub-surface data. The initial characterisation requires the collection of detailed information and data, such as geological and hydrogeological characteristics, the c...