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The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) signature in European summertime surface air temperature (SAT) and sea level pressure (SLP) fields were investigated in this study. The SAT and SLP anomalies of the surface fields over the European region associated with the IOD variability are described based on the results of experiments with atmospheric general circulation model and re-analysis data. It is shown that the prevalent positive significant SAT/SLP anomaly tends to form over Central/Eastern Europe in the negative phase o...

This study aims to assess the influence of anthropogenic chemical factors on the formation of comorbid conditions associated with pancreatic pathology under combined gene polymorphism. The urgency of the problem lies in the disruption of the ecological balance and pathological adaptation of the organism to an excessive level of ecological anthropogenic factors due to compensatory negative shifts in genetic homeostasis. The real-time polymerase chain reaction with allelic discrimination was used to study the polymo...

The problem relevance investigated in the article is due to several reasons. First, in recent decades, the world has seen such cities rapid growth that researchers have started talking about the "urban revolution." According to the UN Commission, 56% of the world's population already live in cities in 2019 [12], i.e. more than the world's population half, and this process is accelerating more and more. Megapolises are growing especially fast [2]. Secondly, cities with one million population are faced with serious ...

The Yamal Peninsula is one of the most important strategic oil and gas-bearing regions of Russia. Active development of the Far North territories threatens to have negative consequences for the delicate balance of Northern ecosystems, therefore their monitoring and comprehensive research are particularly relevant. In 2012-2013 during the expeditions on the Yamal, Yavay and Gyda peninsulas bottom sediments of the Unnamed lake (57.5 cm; 1300 cal yr BP), located in the catchment area of the Pyasedayakha river, were s...

The pollen record from a 96 cm long sediment core obtained in Lake Arcto-Pimberto (68°26.114' N, 053°32.311' E, Pechora river delta, Nenets Autonomous Okrug) reflect regional vegetation and climate changes in the north of the Eastern European plain over the last 6000 year. The taxonomic and stratigraphic structure of the column of bottom sediments is reflected in a spore-pollen diagram which was divided on the 4 biostratigraphic sequences - pollen zones (PZ I-IV). The results show that the bottom of the core (PZ I...

The article describes a long-term and seasonal dynamics of zooplankton species diversity and its relationships with hydrologic factors were investigated on Lake Fish located in Samoylov Island on the northeast of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia. This lake was chosen as a research object due to its mixed type of origin: thermokarst-polygonal. Zooplankton was sampled at three locations: on the pelagic and littoral zones of the thermokarst part and polygonal part of the lake. In total, 90 taxa (80 species) of...

More than thirty percent of deaths from stroke, lung cancer, and heart disease are due to air pollution. Due to the current economic global situation where half of the world has no access to clean energy, furthermore, it seems highly unlikely that IC engines will go out of business anytime soon, we face the reality that our engines will continue to pump out harmful emissions. The main pollutants are particulate matter, a mix of solid and liquid droplets arising mainly from fuel combustion and road traffic. Thus, w...

Economic activities in the Black Sea basin are various and multiple. Seaborne trade between countries from Asia, Africa, and Europe together with exploiting continental shelf hydrocarbon resources involve an intense maritime transport activity. Harmful gas emissions from ships unavoidably accompany these activities. The latest reports indicate that ships' emissions are the primary air pollutant with a destructive impact on climate change and human health. In this respect, the most sensitive area is the coastal one...

Taking into account the increase of maritime activities in the port of Constanta, the largest port of Romania and also one of the most important of the European Union (EU), the air quality evaluation is necessary. Moreover, the port is located very close to the city with the same name and this favouring the risk to affect a very large number of inhabitants of the city with the exhaust gases resulting from the port activities. The goal of this study is to evaluate the influence of maritime activities on air quality...

This paper analyses the structure made from fair faced concrete compared to a conventional concrete sandwich structure with a surface finish in terms of bound CO2 emissions. This article also takes into account the length of service life of the individual constructions. For each of these structures, an analysis for high-performance concrete (HPC) and conventional iron-reinforced concrete (sometime called normal strength concrete NSC) is provided. Due to the current tendency of construction from colored fair-face c...

The frequency of extreme meteorological and climatic phenomena in Bulgaria has increased in recent years. Especially since the mid-1990s, a series of disaster meteorological situations have caused serious material damages and human casualties in many regions of Bulgaria. Annual precipitation amounts have increased during the last 10-15 years, mainly due to the contribution of heavy rainfall events. The main objective of present study is seasonal analysis and synoptic classification of extreme precipitation events ...

Air pollution has a negative impact on human health and the ecosystem as a whole. It causes a variety of diseases, such as asthma, various lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, which particularly affect children and the elderly. The aim of the study is to determine how the preparation of melted snow samples for analysis influences concentrations of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) in snow samples. For snow samples analysis ICP-OES spectrometer "iCAP 7000" is used. In s...

with increasing frequency, the study of the variation of the terrestrial geomagnetic field is a current topic for geoscience specialists. The article presents the results obtained for the variation of the geomagnetic field for a period of 5 years on the European territory using data obtained from the national ground-based geomagnetic observatories integrated in the International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network (INTERMAGNET) and data provided by the international Enhanced Magnetic Model (EMM), a model that i...

Climate extremes affect directly social and ecological systems. Therefore, extreme climatic indices based on daily precipitation as well as maximum and minimum air temperatures have been derived. A detailed analysis of extreme precipitation patterns is essential for the development of monitoring and mitigation strategies. The analysis of eight precipitation-related extreme climatic indices (annual total precipitation (PRCPTOT), heavy precipitation days (R10), very heavy precipitation days (R20), very wet days (R95...

The article deals with the evaluation of the extent and causes of damage of three selected buildings in Spolana Neratovice a.s. The buildings were affected by the flood in June 2013. Specifically, it is a reservoir, a base under the production line and an ammonium sulphate storage. The reservoir is used to catch any drips and chemical containers. The ground dimension of the reservoir is approx. 26 x 40 m. Due to the flood, the reinforced layer of the coating was damaged and thus the leakage was lost, which depreci...

The Best Available Techniques (BAT) concept first emerged in the 1960s. It primarily serves as a tool for preventing industrial pollution and setting conditions for Integrated Environmental Permits for larger industrial installations. BAT include technological, technical and managerial solutions aimed to prevent or control pollution and provide for high resource and energy efficiency (EE) of production processes and minimisation of waste. Lessons learnt by various countries prove that the BAT concept has potential...

On 18/19 June 2016, the manifestation of two severe supercell thunderstorms in the northern half of Moldavia caused unexpected losses exceeding 14 mil. EUR. Radar estimated hail sizes over 10 cm were recorded over large areas. On the ground level there was recorded hailstones with a diameter greater than 5 cm in some areas. This day?s situation was exceptional due to the synoptic context. There was a strong link between the low-pressure area centered over Southeastern Europe and the formation of a trough (a fusion...

Cut-off low altitude cyclones (COLs) are characterized by the presence of small cold air masses detached from the polar vortex as a consequence of Rossby waves development. Their displacement at a lower latitude is capable to induce higher atmospheric instability and they have a great influence on the amount of precipitation over Romania between April and September. This paper is based on the analysis from a synoptic point of view of the days when the precipitation amount was greater than 10 mm between 1961 and 20...

In the current landscape of climate change, characterized by a positive trend in temperature, there is a growing problem of adapting crops to the conditions that may arise. Through this study we try to aim for apple orchards, based on a series of climatic data (1961-2013), to make a set of predictions regarding phenophases periods or even the fact that some of these changes may expose the apple trees to a spring frost risk. Preliminary results show that increased temperatures occurs during the spring season which ...

We performed petromagnetic, elemental composition and mineralogical investigations of samples from lake Bolshoe Miassovo, Chelyabinsk region, Russia (55°9?59.89?N 60°20?51.82?E). Based on seismoacoustic investigation 5 long (up to 5.3 m) cores were collected by special hydraulical core extractor constructed in institute. For core sampling were choosen places with continuous sedimentation and absence of gas diffusion. Samples for laboratory investigations were selected layer by layer in intervals of 2 cm. The princ...

The paper is submitted for considering the relationship of geological changes and global economic processes. The authors have confirmed that hazardous geological events are a significant factor in influencing world economic processes. The argument is based on the results of consideration of historical and contemporary facts of world socio-economic development. The historical context of the problem is considered on the basis of a generalization of the historical facts of catastrophic events of geological origin, wh...

Particulate matter are microscopic matter suspended in the atmosphere originating from natural and man-made sources, ranging from wildfires to a variety of industrial activities, including transportation. In our research we looked at the impact of particulate matter on the environment and on human health with the focus on contribution to production and spreading of particulate matter by aviation activities. In the first step current state of research was examined. Available data was summarized on the occurrence an...

The emergence and development of the automotive market for electric vehicles to the detriment of motor vehicles with internal combustion engines has generated a series of controversies regarding the environmental pollution. In response to the development of the electric vehicle and the increasingly restrictive pollution standards, manufacturers of classic cars have designed cars with increasingly lower emissions of toxic gases. The electric vehicle emerged from the need to minimize air pollution in major cities an...

Fine and ultra-fine particles are produced during biomass combustion. The concentration of particles varies based on individual phases of the combustion process. This may poses a significant threat to human health since ultra-fine particles (<100 nm) are able to penetrate and deposit deep in the human body through various pathways. The paper presents results obtained through measurements in small combustion plants (used for household heating) with selected biomass types (for example pellets, sawdust, etc.). The ma...

In the plain area of Timis County, compar()ed to other regions of Romania, the phenomena specific to the cold season of the year do not have a special intensity, because the submediterranean influences make the snow layer shorter, the thickness of the layer is shorter, the periods of frost have a shorter duration and the phenomenon of blizzard is present especially on the mountain ridges. In this paper we want to highlight the abundant episodes recorded in Banat in the last ten years and the deviations of the ther...

The current paper focuses on ways in which we can reduce pollution cause by thermosetting polymeric materials. The past years, the industry of polymeric materials has gone through a tremendous increase because of the many advantages they present. However, if these materials are not recyclable nor recycled, they can cause serious harm to our environment. Questions arise in the case of epoxy materials because currently we are not aware of any methods of recycling pieces made from epoxy or composite materials based o...

The article considers the automobilization of the population as one of the urbanization consequences. The dynamics of changes in the number of motor vehicles at the territory under consideration is shown. Estimated increase in vehicles emissions. The structure of motor vehicles emissions is considered, priority pollutants are identified, the contribution of motor vehicles emissions to total emissions in the urban territory are assessed. The features of motor vehicles emissions (height, distribution over the territ...

The agriculture is a sector where the impact of climate change leads to high risk and vulnerability in farmers' activities. The negative consequences are reflected in the direction of changes in agricultural land, decrease in productivity, soil erosion, salinization, deterioration of the conditions for raising animals and others. Tackling such problems is a challenge for farmers trying to balance the need to produce enough food for the population and, on the other, to mitigate the negative effects of climate chang...

Traffic management systems are used usually to try to reduce congestion and improve road safety. The main sources of pollution at European level are cars. In the present paper, it presents the effect of these traffic management systems on vehicles emissions and pollutions. It presented the most frequently types used by traffic management systems and assessment of their possible effects on vehicle emissions and consumption of fuel. In 1990, the number of local public transport journeys was 2.5 billion, of which 52%...

In August 2018 an expedition was organized to Lake Sevan (Armenia), where seismoacoustic studies and the selection of short cores of bottom sediments for laboratory investigations were carried out. Five seismoacoustic sections revealed a bedding pattern of bottom sediments. The thickness of sediments reaches ~ 14 m. Laboratory studies included: radiocarbon dating, measuring magnetic susceptibility, measuring coercive parameters, obtaining thermomagnetic diagrams, determining the elemental composition of sediments,...

The continuous development of data acquisition and processing techniques in planetary geomagnetic observatories and satellite data, allows at this time to extract as complete information about the morphology and evolution over time of the terrestrial geomagnetic field. The Sun, the source of all energy on Earth, heat the planet and drive the motions of atmosphere. The brightness of the Sun with 11-years solar cycles with 0.1% variation may be explaining the major driving changes in weather patterns on Earth. At th...

Nowadays the tackling climate change is the greatest sustainability and environmental challenge for the world. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) as the political forum, particularly Paris meeting held in 2015, agreed that international and national actions on climate change are necessary. Climate change has already become significant in Europe, with the mean temperature increasing, and extreme weather events becoming more frequent. Europe (i.e., Latvia) is warming faster than many ...

The glacial lake Kucherla is located in the Altai Mountains at an altitude of 1790 meters above sea level. We use the 112 cm core obtained in March 2018 from the deepest part of the lake (45 m) for the study. In the process of coring, special attention was paid to the preservation of the upper layers of the bottom sediment (water - sediment boundary). Bottom sediments of the lake contain visual layers with a thickness of 1-3 mm. We count the layers using photographs of the optical sections. Counting the layers and...

Microbial processes are of crucial importance for life on Earth. Microorganisms are capable of unique transformations on a global scale that all contribute to the harmonious functioning of the biosphere. Some microbial processes and their final products can influence atmospheric composition and climatic conditions on a planetary scale. Climate change, easy to see in recent decades, can alter the functioning of microbial communities and trigger positive or negative feedbacks. Microbial activities, such as organic m...

In general, analogues are examples that demonstrate one or more key aspects of some concept or technology that is being developed. By studying such analogues, we can improve our understanding of both the technical concept and its application - in this case, large-scale geological CO2 storage involving one or more Mt of CO2. Two main types of CO2 occurrence are found in nature: ?Accumulations that have remained in place for thousands to millions of years with noevidence of leakage (Ciocaia site); and ?Accumulations...

Snow cover is an important climatic factor and its changes have a strong influence on water resources and water balance in Bulgaria, as well as on the development of agriculture, tourism, transport and others. The main objective of this study is to analyze the long-term time series of snow cover depth and snow or mixed precipitation types, as well as to summarize the results for each administrative district in Bulgaria. Data from 246 weather stations of the meteorological network of the National Institute of Meteo...

The purpose of the paper has been presenting the evolution of concentrations for four main air pollutants in Craiova, so as to show the situation of air quality in this major city in Southern Romania, also finding the best statistical model to fit the recorded data for particulate matter with diameter of less than 10 microns transported by the wind within the urban area. In order to accomplish this purpose, experimental data have been gathered during the entire year 2018 in the above-mentioned town, by two air qua...

Aerosol particles, despite their small size, have a great influence on climate change and on human health. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) is one of the main parameters characterizing the scattering and absorbing effects of solar radiation in the atmosphere, therefore creating a methodology for researching the AOD variability is a very current task. Nowadays, the AERONET solar photometer database for the Black Sea is represented by 2 functioning stations: Galata_Platform (Bulgaria) and Gloria (Romania), which is not e...

Spatial distribution and temporal variations of snow cover and snow precipitations carry important information about available water resources, snow load estimations, the plant vegetation period, habitat change and etc., which is crucial for many environmental, ecological, hydrological and technical issues. This study is focused on the tendencies in the regime of the snowfalls and the snow cover in Strandzha region during the period 1961-2017. The monthly values about number of days with snow cover and snow precip...

This paper addresses the problem of atmospheric pollution due to the scrapping of motor vehicles. Most of the materials used in the automotive industry are non-renewable, so the decommissioning of cars is a global problem. The environmental impact of this type of pollution is irreversible. In Romania, this problem is amplified by the purchase of second-hand cars that have a low life expectancy and are much earlier in the situation of being scrapped. Recovery of scrapped materials must be done selectively because a...

Air pollution in cities caused by traffic is an important environmental and health issue worldwide. Air pollution caused by traffic exceeds air pollution from other anthropogenic sources, such as industrial, various heat supply and residential areas. This study analyzes a wide range of pollutants in snowpacks at different intensity roads in one of the largest cities in Latvia in Jelgava. Snow samples are taken from three sampling points at distance of 1 m, 10 m, and 20 m from the roadway. In the study, various met...

Particulate matter and heavy metals represent some of the most dangerous pollutants along with nitrogen and sulfur oxides and the persistent organic pollutants. They affect not only human health, but also all living things and, some of them, even the climate by light diffusion and/or greenhouse effect. Thus, PM2.5 can induce serious respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, while both PM2.5 and PM10 play an important role in the atmospheric chemical and physical processes. At their turn, even though some heavy meta...

The upward trend in Earth's surface temperature observed is the most visible manifestation of ongoing climate change, especially since the second half of the eighty?s and especially in Slovakia since the early 1990s of 20th century. While the global average temperature of the ground-level atmosphere has risen by almost 1 ° C since the early 20th century, central Europe, including Slovakia, it has twice as fast warming (at least 2 °C) over the same period. For the purposes of designing and assessing cement-concrete...

Agriculture is the main source of ammonia emissions. It generates around 75% of global emissions of ammonia to the atmosphere and soil manure accounts for half of agricultural emissions. Ammonia emissions have a negative impact on ecosystems and human health, as it is able to accumulate both as solid particles and as an integral part of acid cases. Measures to reduce ammonia emissions can be divided into three large groups: the first group is ammonia-reducing measures in animal housing, the second group is ammonia...

Recent studies has shown that road traffic pollute the environment not only by generating exhaust gas emissions but also by the suspensions produced from tyre wear. Due to their composition (natural rubber, synthetic rubber and other chemicals), vehicles tyres through the interaction with the driveway pollute the environment. This process can be accelerated in a negative manner by the appearance of some technical malfunctions of the steering system. Thus, by a quick and efficient diagnosis of the steering system e...

Reducing gas emissions which affects the Earth's climate system is an important goal of vehicle operation. In order to achieve this objective, the operation of motor vehicles and their component systems must be carried out under the most efficient conditions. The maximum efficiency can be achieved by knowing in detail the technical state of the vehicles, and depending on the diagnosis defects by performing maintenance activities in order to maintain the technical state at an appropriate level. The aim of this pape...

The article is devoted to study of the issues regarding legal regulation of climate protection in Ukraine. The national legislation in the field of climate protection is analyzed and directions of its further development are determined. It is established that the problem of climate protection is a complex and common one for all mankind, that requires effective and progressive response and necessitates the improvement of national legislation in this field. Such legal category as a climate emergency is considered as...

The reliability of surface air temperature (SAT) and 500 hPa geopotential height (H500) of the recent 20CR project data has been evaluated on daily, seasonal and longer timescales for western and eastern parts of Eurasia. The mean daily difference (between 20CR and observations) is up to 1°C in autumn-winter season and 2°C in the spring-summer season. For stations located in Western Eurasia the difference appears to be generically similar for selected stations in Eastern Eurasia region. The regional differences ar...

Ozone and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are atmospheric pollutants with known associations for adverse effects on human health. In the stratosphere, ozone molecules play an important role by absorbing ultraviolet radiation from the Sun and protecting the Earth from dangerous rays. But in the troposphere, close to ground level, ozone molecules are atmospheric pollutants, threatening human health and becoming greenhouse gases contributing to climate change. Unlike most air pollutants, tropospheric ozone is not emitted dire...

With the increasing levels of pollution, it is necessary to take actions aiming at reducing emissions of harmful substances to the environment. Unfortunately, increasing demand for new goods and energy does not contribute to the decrease of concentration of harmful substances in soil, water or air. Unexpected uncontrolled releases of chemicals caused by breakdowns in production plants are also a detrimental factor. Adding exhaust and nitrogen oxide emissions from vehicles, the situation seems to be hard to contain...