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The history of the welded steel structures in Romania and in the world is the starting point for the construction of mega-steel structures for nowadays. In order to understand the way of the welded steel structures is achieved, we need to know the history of the welded steel structures in each country and especially in our country. The paper will present the history of the welded steel structures in Romania from viaducts, steel bridges or even mega steel structures from the early 1900s. Also, the paper will presen...

In every technology as well as in Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD), there are design challenges. Compliance with the requirements forces the application of modern solutions in the mentioned technology. One such solution is the Intersect Drilling method. The Intersect Drilling technology makes it possible to create a hole for Horizontal Directional Drilling of shallow layers and a longer length compared to conventional methods. The decision on whether the Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) project should be...

Environmental parameters can be seen as underlying forces of land-use change. Their physical expression in land use-change depends on many factors such as landscape heterogeneity, land-use intensity and socio-economic variables. This paper focuses on the role of four particular environmental parameters ? aspect, elevation, slope and soil-trophy ? within three separate study areas in cultural landscape of Trkmanka watershed. The research was based on combination of spatial analysis and advanced multivariate statist...

The development and implementation of new technologies can generate many effects for the economy, the quality of environment and human life. For that reason, when a decision about using new or developing already functioning technologies is made, the Sustainability Assessment of the Technology (SAT) should be carried out. The methodology of assessing social impacts is worst developed compared with assessment of economic and environmental impacts, so there is still need to find appropriate indicators and methods for...

At present there is an intensive growth of rivers? water use, which results in deterioration of water quality and hydrological regime. Small rivers are regulators of water regime of landscapes, maintain equilibrium and redistribution of moisture, as well as determine the hydrological and hydrochemical specificity of medium and large rivers. Drying, silting and disappearing of small rivers are the result of anthropogenic activity and climate change. Monitoring researches of surface water quality of small rivers is ...

This work is devoted to the investigation of the possibility of use of Ru-containing catalysts including bimetallic (Ru-Fe) magnetically separable one on the basis of polymeric matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene in hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to gamma-valerolactone (GVL), which is a semi-product for obtaining of liquid fuel components. Synthesized catalysts were shown to be promising for further study in LA hydrogenation. 3%-Ru/MN270 was shown to allow achieving about 37% GVL yield for 2 h of reaction...

In the conditions of the deterioration of the structure of reserves of conditioned oil, development of non-traditional sources of hydrocarbon raw materials is becoming one of the promising directions of increasing the resource base of hydrocarbons. The work is devoted to the identification of changes in the chemical structure and composition of super-viscous oil as a result of steam-heat treatment in the presence of mineral compounds of carbonate reservoir rocks at temperatures of 250-300В°C and pressures up to 1....

Ice gouging is destructive mechanical impact of ice on the underlying ground surface associated with ice cover dynamics, ice hummocking (ridging) and formation of grounded hummocks (stamukhas) under the influence of hydrometeorological factors and coastal topography. Climate change and anthropogenic influence can cause changes in conditions of ice scour formation. Shallow freezing seas and big lakes are most vulnerable to such changes. Studying of the ice scours? parameters has a great economic and fundamental imp...

Cernush? map case is located between Mitrovica and Vushtrri (Kosovo). The southwestern part belongs to the northwestern edge of the Kosovo Basin, whereas the remainder of the map-case is characterized with hill-type reliefs. Part of the mountainous relief are the peaks of Stremenica (1064m), ?uka (1036m), and Cernusha (1009m). Cernusha map-case is subject to average continental climate, hot summers and cold winters. In the Cernusha map-case, quaternary deposits hold around 15% of the surface and are made of Holoce...

Modern ideas about the formation of hydrocarbon deposits are based on the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the lithosphere dynamics. They are based on the established facts of the "instability of fluid systems in the sedimentary cover and foundation, as well as the migration of fluids through the permeable zones resulting from the varying stresses in the earth's crust". It follows that the geological environment is non equilibrium. Forces of external influence and thermodynamic conditions inside ...

Coastal areas around the world are constantly subjected to pressure on human activities. The environment suffers transformations from the anthropogenic activities, transformations that most often have the effect the degradation of the environmental factors. Coastal areas are often described as areas of potential conflict between the stakeholders and mechanisms such as integrated the coastal zone management or, more specifically, marine spatial planning are designed to achieve the sustainable management in this are...

Open-pit mining exploitation of useful mineral deposits involves occupancy and affectation of large areas of land, with negative effects on medium and long term. Although the impact of mining operations can not be avoided during the exploitation, it can be reduced and, after the cessation of the mining activities, it can be offset. The impact of open-pit mining exploitation occurs primarily on the land by radically changes on the morphology and geomorphology of the land, by modification of the geotechnical charact...

The construction of small hydro power plants is a solution for obtaining cheap electric energy, but it also has a negligible impact on the environment. What raises serious problems is the location of some of these micro-hydropower plants, including the Buda and Capra brooks, as well as their way of execution. Valea Argesului area on the upper course, is recognized for its biodiversity and landscape heritage value. Changes to vegetation through abusive deforestation, biodiversity reduction by habitat segmentation a...

Bread products industry is one of the main branches of food industry. Taking into account the final products and their great diversity, they are divided from the scientific point of view in three categories such as: bread and bread products, pastry and specialty products (biscuits, donuts etc.), these constituting products categories that are consumed daily in quantities that depend on the consumption preferences of the population. In Romania, are consumed as a medium value 95 kg of bread per consumer per year, co...

The services provided by ecosystems play a vital role in human well-being. As they are indispensable for maintaining development as well as for future economic and social growth of the society. Many analytic-deliberative techniques have been suggested as a promising approach to ecosystem services valuation but still they are in many countries on an experimental stage. The aim of this study is an impact assessment on ecosystem services, which is being carried out on the Myjava River basin where we address the probl...

Climate change is one of the most important issues of the 21st century. Climate change affects states ecological, economic and social aspects of sustainable development. Consequences of the climate change also depends on geographical location of countries. In this respect, the most characteristic feature of Kazakhstan is its intra-continental location in the western part of Central Asia. According to scenarios of climatologists, absence of tangible changes in amount of precipitation as well as increase in average ...

Pyrometallurgy being a field of metallurgy where metals are produced using high temperatures a focus on slag quality to improve the recovery of the targeted metal. Amongst different properties required of the slag is its composition. Different sources of heat and reductants are used. Coal has been used either as a source of heat or a reductant. Depending on the place of origin of coal, its composition varies thus having an impact on the quality of slag produced, therefore on the metal. In the present paper, a comp...

The studied area Central Spi? is located in Rud?any - Gelnica area, which is according to environmental regionalization included in the environmentally loaded and unhealthy areas in Slovakia. As a result of long and intensive mining and processing of minerals, the area is polluted with heavy metals and the landscape was altered by extensive anthropogenic forms. In the context of mining activity, surface water acts as a transport medium of pollution, thus expanding the area of the impact of old mining activities on...

We analyze the impact of tectonics on the geomorphology of the rivers valleys, in Albania. Interaction of several factors, predominantly tectonic ones, has played a major role in this respect. Tectonic, climatic and erosional factors have affected the formation of several levels of Quaternary terraces, during the Pliocene-Quaternary period, of the latest Alpine folding phase. Nine levels of terraces are evidenced so far, some of which dated based on radiocarbon 14C and cosmogenic 10Be methods. Active tectonics is ...

The relevance of the study is due to the growing environmental problems faced by modern society and the need for their urgent resolution. The decline in production did not lead to a reduction in the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment, since in an unstable environment many enterprises save on environmental measures. According to most experts, the limits of economic growth are not so much related to the limited resources as are due to the inability of the environment to independently process waste of h...

Throughout a life cycle of a hydrocarbon reservoir, investments and specific approaches are made correlated with its stages and with the asset management?s goals to maximize its value. When the field reaches the maturity stage, the exploitation strategy focuses on reducing the production decline profile and improving the recovery factor. These activities, typically consist of determining the remaining hydrocarbon in place, identifying the bypassed hydrocarbons, identifying the recompletion opportunities, all attac...

Multifunctional motor vehicles are equipped with one or more working mechanisms actuated by hydrostatic drive systems, which consume most of the power installed on such vehicles in which the primary mechanical energy is generated by an internal combustion engine, usually Diesel engine. Given the large number of daily running hours, (of multifunctional motor vehicles) the energy consumed by working mechanisms becomes important, the same goes for the expenses, and therefore it is required to be used with maximum eff...

The purpose of the article was to draw attention to various aspects of sustainable development of the construction and durability of building materials. A special emphasis was put to concrete, which is one of the most used building materials in the present. Elaborated was not only the issue of emissions released by the production of components necessary for fabrication of concrete mixtures, but also a number of environmental, economic and social advantages the use of concrete offers. At the same time, attention wa...

There are plenty of facilities, machinery and equipment, either stationary or mobile, which require hydraulic operating power, generated by low-flow pumping systems at high pressures. Such systems can be met in stationary applications, in which energy efficiency is important, while the pulsating nature of flow does not disturb, and also in dynamic applications, in which both energy efficiency and flow rate regularity are important. The first category of applications includes: static pressure tests on deepwater dri...

The obvious solution of the problem is to provide rhenium production in Russia. Natural environment is an advantage of the Russian Federation in this field. However, metal introduction to the world market can cause losing national jurisdiction control as its main consumer is the USA industry. Therefore, formation of the Russian national reserves has to be the main objective of the rhenium production system. Considering dynamics of its consumption, demand and prices will grow eventually. Rhenium accumulation for fu...

The efficient use of cogeneration systems depends on both the heat demand variations and on the restrictions imposed by the related legislation. In this paper, in order to optimize the operating regimes of a Combined Heat and Power Plant, authors have determined the correlation between functioning modes of the plants? equipment and the possible solutions to satisfy with precision the consumers? heat demand. Often, optimizing only the operating regimes can be non-profitable, especially for the case of modern and pe...

The continuous increase emissions of greenhouse gas and the necessity to feel energetic security have caused the whole world increase the use of energy sources that are not based on crude oil and hard coal. Alternative to obtaining energy from fossil fuels is the production of biogas. One of the most commonly used raw materials for biogas production are maize silage. Therefore corn silage makes up 35-40% of the total cost of biogas production, which means that their use for biogas production does not bring big ben...

The article describes the trajectory of the society's transition to sustainable development as a basis for environmental and economic security. The authors analyze the experience in the development and use of indicators of sustainable development, which are necessary not only for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of scientific and technological progress and the development of economic systems, but also for forecasting and managing the transition to sustainable development. The systems of sustainable devel...

Environmentally oriented production is one of the major concerns of companies in the global competition. Clean technologies, green procurement and suppliers and distributors' chains of healthy products are processes and activities that are a consequence of the adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategies, which are geared towards sustainable development. This article analyzes the link between the environmentally oriented production regarding responsibility practices in bakery companies and its effe...

Due to the great interest in unconventional deposits, the aim of the current study has become identifying the target zones that the hydraulic fracturing treatment becomes the most efficient. The success of hydraulic fracturing depends on many factors. One of them is determining if the assumed fracture geometry is the same as created in hydraulic fracturing treatment as well as the appropriate selection sectors to be fractured. A great influence on fracture propagation and geometry predictions have rock elastic par...

Drilling fluid significantly affects all technological operations in the process of deposit drilling and completion. The main task done by the drilling fluid is providing proper drilling and cleaning of the hole bottom from cuttings as well equilibration of the rock mass pressure, cooling and cleaning the drill bits. Moreover the drilling fluid should minimize the damage to the permeability of productive deposits in the near-well zone and maintain stability of the wellbore walls. For providing the correct protecti...

Mosses have been used for many years as bioindicators in the monitoring of environmental pollution by heavy metals. A meaningful constraint of this method is the lack of the possibility of sampling mosses in urban areas. In this regard, the active biomonitoring method, in which mosses are transplanted in the study area, is actively developed in recent years. However, to date no procedures for moss transplantation have been developed, which make it possible to obtain comparable results about the level of contaminat...

Renewable energy sources (RES) are of great interest across the world, since it can be used to obtain clean, green energy, thus minimizing the environmental pollution. Romania has an important potential for development of renewable energy, in the hydro, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass fields. But the market of RES expands or shrinks being influenced by policies, technologies and financial support change. The transposition of Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament on the promotion of the use of energy...

Multi-well pad drilling originates from offshore drilling where the use of this method is dictated by the limited mobility of platforms. Onshore group location of the wellhead slots is used since recently. It was first used in the Rocky Mountains in the USA in 2004. Beginning is related to the commencement of hydrocarbon extraction from unconventional reservoirs in the United States. Exploitation of unconventional shale and tight reservoirs with vertical wells is economically unprofitable because it is not possibl...

Instruments of tax policy should have an impact on resource conservation. The task of increasing the investment activity in the field of resource saving stipulates the need to develop effective instruments for tax regulation. By creating special taxation conditions for investors in resource-saving technologies or companies producing such technologies, the state affects the resource-saving policy. At the same time, the experience of the functioning of environmental funds in Russia testifies to the need for tax admi...

Background. Reducing fuel consumption in the engine, while achieving assumed power is important for both reasons: the economic and the environmental. In this work series of studies of diesel fuel combustion in cogeneration system with the participation of 1:4000 vol. CeO2 concentrate: diesel oil was prepared. CeO2 concentrate purifies combustion chamber and afterburns hydrocarbons which in turn affects lowering the fuel consumption. Purpose is assessment of the impact of the possibility of adding Bluediesiel as a ...

This work devoted to study the influence of water content and catalyst presence on in situ combustion processes of crude oil. The crude oils from Russia oil field were studied. Oxidation process at reservoir conditions (50 bar and 30 В°C) was studied for crude oil at different water content (0, 20, 30 % by weight) and catalyst presence (Co3O4). The combustion study was investigated by accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). Arrhenius kinetic parameters were determined for crude oils.The correlation between water cont...

The article covers the issues of public environmental control and of public control of land use in order to preserve and restore the environments, manage the nature efficiently and protect the natural resources as well as strengthen the law rules in the course of activity by the legal bodies at different levels. Modern, reliable and available spatial data is necessary for efficient implementation of public environmental control and of public control of land use by the public institutions and societies, private non...

One of the natural gas advantages, as primary energy source, is the opportunity to store it in large volumes under the same state as it is used by the final customers, without being subject to any state modification or conversion in another energy type. Gas depleted reservoirs are the first candidates for turning into underground storages, as the storage process is closest to the production process, but also due to the availability of a large amount of data which makes the reservoir to be well defined and also due...

This paper presents a new deep drilling technology named TER-HM. It refers to the current state of the deep drilling, which describes the important elements such as drilling downforce speed drill string, refining drilling, measurement of pressure and temperature etc. We have also prepared a preliminary draft of a new system TER-HM, where we describe the principle of operation of this device. One of the key outcomes is the creation of a continuous ring of amorphous ventilated and congealing rocks around formed vert...

Many European regeneration projects in large urban distressed areas arise as the result of industrial dismissal sites, ensuing unemployment, poverty, environmental damage and social exclusion. In order to contribute to the development of innovative policies for integrated regeneration and renewal of depressed urban areas, the paper addresses the experience of the London?s South Bank project. Several integrated and complex projects have converted this area (formerly home to factories and working-class houses) into ...

Romania has an important rail network, of public use, consisting of about 10764 km of railway, some of which are affected by instability phenomena. Although the percentage of areas affected by instability in the entire network is insignificant, railway sections have some peculiarities, any difference in the order of the centrimetres appearing at the upper level of the rail can lead to the closing of the line, with important financial consequnce. The surface, affected by the instability phenomen was about 4,000m2, ...

At present creation of a system of incentives for large-scale development, adaptation and introduction of the newest domestic technologies for developing hard-to-recover oil reserves is a very important task of the oil and gas industry in the Russian Federation. It is connected with depletion of traditional deposits and deterioration of mining and geological conditions of production. The sequence of creation, development and commercialization of any technology in oil and gas industry includes four elements: resear...

Attraction of investments into the agro-industrial complex and the formation of an effective investment policy is given considerable attention today, since it is precisely investments that can act as a "catalyst" for the development of the economy of the state as a whole, and of any of its regions or municipalities. The problems of increasing investment activity and improving the investment climate play a crucial role in maintaining and enhancing the region's economic potential. Investments are of great importance...

The article describes the results of the integration of the geochemical and seismic data on one of the oilfields of Tatarstan Republic in Russian Federation. The complex geological structure of the oil bearing formations of Carboniferous age results in misinterpretation of the geophysical data and drilling of the dry wells. Some potential structural oil traps find from the seismic data interpretation are water bearing. To avoid nonproductive drilling authors studied seismic faults and their connection with the geo...

The theory of Eco-Economy (Ecological Economy) as a concept proposed by Lester R. Brown emphasizes the importance of ecology and environmental protection in supporting the sustainable development of humanity as a warning signal for the limited earth resources. This concept refers to a long-term economy without affecting its own support system (environment). Another paradigm, Eco-Bio-Economy, appears as a scientific, economic and psychological endeavor that brings the vision of sustainable development of human welf...

The Intersect Drilling method is a modern drilling technique for HDD (Horizontal Directional Drilling), giving a completely new dimension to Horizontal Directional Drilling technology. Its creation was mainly due to the need for drilling in difficult conditions, where drilling with the use of only one drilling device is often impossible or ineffective and could end in the failure of the entire project. To cope this it is necessary to apply modern solutions in this technology. One such solution is the Intersect Dri...

Conventions, agreements and international regulations aimed at counteracting climate change impose on the signatory Governments, including Poland, the obligation to document the amount of greenhouse gases emitted to the atmosphere. Inventory is taken from various industrial sectors, including sources related to the exploitation of crude oil. In the oil production processes, greenhouse gas emissions come from three main sources categories: combustion emissions (stationary and mobile sources), released (process) emi...

There are rich heavy oil resources in Russia. The paper deals with bituminous sandstones in the southeast of the Republic of Tatarstan (central Russia). The shallow depth and high reservoir thickness of these deposits are very favorable factors for the heavy viscous oil development. Due to this, heavy viscous oil deposits of this territory are of great interest. The conventional approaches for reservoir characterization and development monitoring are complicated for such bituminous deposits. Currently, in the fram...

Asphalt concrete correspond to dispersive strengthened composition material, in which organic matrix-bitumen takes over all the load and forces. The structure and properties of asphalt concrete are determined mainly by the phase and physical state of the organic matrix-bitumen. In this paper the results of В«AdgezolinВ» additive in the composition of asphalts based on oxidized (produced by OJSC В«TAIF-NKВ») and non-oxidized (Elkhovskoe oil refinery plant) bitumen are discussed. It is revealed, that adhesive additi...