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Developing processes with minimal environmental impact is essential for the production of the important intermediates and final products. Present study explores the green and low-cost synthesis of new halogenated derivatives of 1-aminoanthraquinone under catalyst free conditions at room temperature. These derivatives find wide practical application due to their unique properties. Numerous studies on the preparation of new derivatives have been devoted to the development of industrial dyes and pigments. These compo...

Sea buckthorn is a heliophilous species valued for its nutrient-rich orange berries, which find extensive applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural industries. This study monitored four specific cultivars: Dora, Cora, Mara, and Clara, grown in the Republic of Moldova over a 60-day period (August to September). The research focused on tracking the evolution of primary ripening indicators: vitamin C, total carotenoids, and organic acid content. Ascorbic acid, a vital bioactive component, showed a co...

Combustible dusts are presented in industry as a finished products or process intermediates created voluntarily by milling or involuntarily by abraison of larger sized solid. Spontaneous combustion is a phenomenon that occurs by self-heating, increase in temperature due to exothermic internal reactions, followed by thermal runaway (self heating which rapidly accelerates to high temperatures) and finally, autoignition. The oxidation of combustible powders occurs when they react with air oxygen, producing carbon dio...

Among the existing methods of TMS processing, the most attention is paid to pyrolysis due to such advantages of this method as a high level of process control, the ability to adapt the process to a different composition of raw materials with a high yield of target products with specified characteristics, a closed-loop process, etc. [1, 2]. The study is devoted to the study of the process of co-pyrolysis and is aimed at developing a technology for thermocatalytic processing of complex organic waste of anthropogenic...

This paper focuses on the comparison of the energy potential of biomass originating from agricultural and viticultural production, with emphasis on its utilization in the form of pellets. Selected types of agricultural residues and viticultural wastes were analyzed, specifically grape pomace skins and pruning residues from vine cutting. These materials represent underutilized by-products with significant potential for energy recovery. The main objective is to evaluate the suitability of these materials as alternat...

Modern cities are dynamic and constantly evolving systems in which economic activity, engineering infrastructure and social processes are closely interconnected within a common urban rhythm. However, the expansion of urbanized areas is accompanied by the aggravation of a number of problems, including the aging of public utilities, congestion of transport networks and the increasing frequency of hazardous meteorological events. Together, these factors create threats that can disrupt the functioning of the urban env...

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the development of the concept of the circular economy and its integration into regional sustainable development have highlighted the necessity of incorporating the principles of the circular economy into policy frameworks. This integration primarily emphasizes circular supply chains and examines the influence of existing legislative frameworks on the application of innovations within the realm of sustainable development. The objective of this study is to review the mechani...

In recent years, with the interest in healthy diet and environmental protection, plant-based alternatives, to classic milk, have been developed and produced. In addition to the already well-known products, such as almond or soy milk, amaranth milk is also becoming increasingly known. Amaranth milk is considered a possible alternative with both nutritional and ecological benefits. As a result of environmental problems and people's needs, this paper aims to compare these types of plant-based beverages, in terms of c...

Drilling muds commonly use organic polymers as viscosifiers or mud filtrate reducers. While these polymers are effective, they are also costly, contributing to higher operational expenses in oil well drilling. They play a crucial role in the success of drilling operations and help enhance various properties, particularly rheological characteristics. Due to environmental concerns, these polymers have become essential in water-based drilling fluids, serving as alternatives to oil-based muds. The present study aims t...

The role of ventilation systems is to ensure and maintain optimal microclimate conditions in industrial spaces, by controlling temperature, humidity, dust concentration and gaseous substances, within limits compatible with comfort and safety requirements. At the same time, these systems must respect permissible noise levels and air circulation speed, so as not to affect the well-being of users. In order to achieve the prescribed parameters of indoor air (temperature, pressure and humidity), it is previously subjec...

Lean management has long transcended its origins in the automotive industry and is increasingly recognized as a leading philosophy for managing organizations across both manufacturing and service sectors. Its emphasis on waste elimination, continuous improvement, and value creation has proven adaptable to diverse operational contexts. The aim of this article is to compare selected cases of lean management implementation in the shipbuilding industry with those in the automotive sector. The study analyzes key dimens...

The construction sector generates substantial amounts of waste and still largely operates within a linear model of resource consumption. In response to increasing environmental pressures, circular construction has gained importance as an approach that extends material life cycles, reduces waste generation, and limits the demand for new raw materials. In this context, the reuse of building products represents a promising strategy for improving resource efficiency and supporting more sustainable end-of-life manageme...

Human hair constantly grows and it needs to be cut. Moreover, it degrades slowly, which causes it to be long-lasting. Therefore, society generates waste that needs to be stored for a long time. Furthermore, it is an inevitable type of waste regarding the perpetual nature of the growing hair process. The management of the human hair waste is necessary and if done responsibly, it can be a chance for manufacturing sustainable devices and products by making a second use of this raw material. Recycling of the human hai...

Production of biomass-plastic composites is one of the interesting recovery possibilities for waste biomass and HDPE material. The big issue in this research area is to produce the composites with acceptable and competitive level of quality which is determined through the final mechanical properties of composites. Meaning of this paper is to present the research finding for determination of the mechanical properties of waste raw materials based biomass-plastic composites. Raw material variables influence, especial...

Risk management in the transport of dangerous goods is essential for protecting human health, the environment, and infrastructure. This chapter section explores systematic risk assessment methodologies in the context of hazardous materials transport. Key techniques such as Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, Hazard and Operability Analysis, and Bow-Tie analysis are used to identify, assess, and prioritize risks associated with the transport process. These approaches enable the systematic breakdown of potential fai...

With the rapid growth of polymer consumption, the issue of efficient recycling and disposal of plastic waste is becoming increasingly pressing. One promising approach is thermal degradation (pyrolysis), which yields valuable hydrocarbon products [1]. Of particular interest is the recycling of polyethylene with increased thermal stability (PE-RT) with the addition of octylene-1. This material combines thermal stability, mechanical strength, flexibility, chemical resistance, and processability, making it a highly ef...

Biochar of the waste from seed cleaning to produce can improve soil fertility and carbon sequestration. Chemical properties of biochar are affected by input biomass (feedstock) type. Biochar production from wood pellets, pelletized sweet clovers, poppy residues, hay, straw, grass-seed and alfalfa is discussed. Micro-elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B) in biochars prepared from different types of pelletized biomass are evaluated. All materials exhibited higher element contents. The highest Fe and Cu were in biochar from p...

The foundry industry is a major producer of industrial waste, with used foundry sands (UFS) representing the largest share. While bentonite-bonded sands can be reused multiple times, sands with organic binders are typically single-use and are often landfilled due to limited regeneration capacity. Their valorization in construction materials represents an important pathway toward circular economy. This study evaluates the use of UFS from three different foundries, including bentonite- and furan-bonded systems, as p...

This study examines the potential of chemically modified spent coffee grounds (SCG) as reinforcement for epoxy bio-composites. SCG was subject to three different modifications - citric acid, acetylation with acetic acid, and potassium permanganate oxidation. Modified SCG was incorporated into epoxy resin at an 80/20 weight ratio, and the resulting composites were evaluated using flexural and impact tests. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data revealed that each chemical modification induced distinct structural mo...

In the era of Industry 4.0, IoT technologies are fundamental for enabling real-time monitoring, operational transparency, and resource efficiency in industrial environments. This paper presents an IoT-based system for monitoring Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), integrating machine-level data to assess availability, performance, and quality in production processes. By combining OEE metrics with real-time energy consumption data, the system supports circular economy goals through reduced energy usage per unit,...

Wastewater filtration is a physical or mechanical process used to remove impurities from wastewater. It initially involves the removal of suspended solids, bacteria and debris, leading to water clarification and producing safer water for discharge or reuse. Biofiltration adds the microbial metabolism of pollutants to the simple physical removal of solids. Common biofilter materials include inert media such as plastic, ceramic or zeolite, selected for their high surface-to-mass ratio, as biofilm-based processes occ...

Arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) are highly toxic, carcinogenic elements from the same group of periodic system. They occur naturally as oxyanions, predicting their affinity to anionactive adsorbents in aqueous environment. The differences in adsorption properties of arsenate (AsO43-) and antimonate (Sb(OH)6-) were tested on natural adsorbents (zeolite, biochar, birnessite, hydrated ferric oxides - HFO) in their original and iron (Fe) or manganese (Mn) - modified forms, using the model solutions of AsO43- and SbO43-...

The use of binders in pelletization is important not only for optimizing the mechanical properties of the pellets but also for improving their combustion behavior. Binders can affect the calorific value, ash formation and emissions during energy conversion. An important factor in efficient pellet production is ensuring appropriate flow properties of the mixture, which impact dosing uniformity, process stability and the overall energy requirements. This study investigates the effects of four binders - flour, starch...

The environmental impact of the long-standing fossil fuel, namely coke as a reducing agent has been a challenge in the pyrometallurgical industry for decades. The threats that it poses have become increasingly unbearable. Few attempts on different biochar have been conducted and their impact on the quality of slag investigated. More improvements are still underway for industrial scale use. The current project evolves on the reducing capabilities that spent malt waste biochar in the reduction zone during carbotherm...

The purpose of the study is the evaluation of the bioeconomic potential of Western Romania in terms of determining the main agricultural and forestry products and the amount of available organic waste and by-products that can be integrated into the circular bioeconomy. The NUTS 2 administrative region West Romania consists of four counties: Timi?, Arad, Cara?-Severin and Hunedoara, which in total have more than 1.8 million hectares (ha) of agricultural land and large forested areas- a significant but not well expl...

The circular economy represents a systemic change in the economic model towards more efficient use of resources, reduction of environmental externalities and support of innovation. This article analyses the economic impacts and opportunities associated with the implementation of the principles of the circular economy in the European and Czech contexts. Based on a systematic literature review, analysis of strategic documents and selected empirical studies, the macroeconomic benefits, impacts on the labour market, b...

The circular economy represents a real opportunity to support the sustainable development of rural communities by promoting efficient resource use, waste reduction, and the creation of resilient local economic chains. The generation of new jobs and, consequently, economic development, the reduction of waste quantities and the sustainable valorization of local resources, the promotion of ecological agriculture and bioeconomy, the development and promotion of sustainable forms of tourism, and the reduction of pollut...

Particulate pollutants are generated at all stages of the preparation of the moulding and core mixture, during the handling of raw materials, during mixing and preparation of the moulding mixture in the mixers, during the moulding process itself, and during both manual and machine moulding. The reason for the generation of a relatively large amount of dust in all the operations associated with the manufacture of moulds and cores is the moulding mixture used, the basis of which is abrasive, i.e. sand, whether quart...

Lately, the waste black liquor generated through paper manufacturing, has been increased in amounts, which represents a threat to the environment and human health. On the other hand, there is a great concern related to the energy crisis occurring all over the world. The use of fossil fuels through the combustion process generates greenhouse gas emissions being harmful to the environment. For this reason, the principle of the circular economy must be taken into account, ``nothing is lost, everything is transformed'...

Microalgae are increasingly recognized for their potential in nutrient recovery from wastewater. This study investigated the effect of physical pretreatment of dairy wastewater on the growth and nutrient assimilation of Scenedesmus subspicatus. Cultures were maintained for 14 days in three media: standard Bristol medium, untreated dairy wastewater, and physically pretreated dairy wastewater. Chlorophyll-a content and magnesium concentration were monitored on days 0, 7, and 14 to evaluate algal growth and nutrient ...

The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are a valuable source of hydrogen on fuel industry or precursors of polyhydroxyalkanoates, a highly in trend and non-toxic bioplastics. However, the VFAs generation costs are expensive. Therefore, this study proposed a recycling solution of the waste activated sludge (WAS) into VFAs by non-conventional treatment with tandem steps of energic and slow oxidation in alkaline media by hybrid treatment with ozone and sodium percarbonate (SPC), followed by semi-aerobic fermentation at 22oC...

Horizontal composite tanks represent critical components in industrial applications where achieving an optimal balance between mechanical performance, material efficiency, and environmental impact is essential. This study investigates the environmental performance of structurally optimized glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) horizontal tanks featuring progressive rib thickness configurations. The composite laminate optimization was carried out through advanced numerical simulations in ANSYS Mechanical 2024 R1, c...

Carrot pomace is considered a promising by-product due to its health-benefit nutrients such as fibers, vitamins, polyphenols, carotenoids, and minerals. Incorporating pasta with healthy ingredients such as carrot pomace could be a good idea to enhance its nutritional value. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carrot pomace on durum wheat flour dough rheological properties. In this study, carrot pomace from four varieties was used. Carrot pomace was incorporated at levels varying from 0 to 12%. D...

The growing amount of waste and the pressure to transition to a sustainable and circular economy create the need to modernize waste management through technological innovations. This article focuses on the analysis of selected innovative technologies and waste processing, namely plasma gasification, hydrothermal carbonization, chemical recycling of plastics, robotic sorting systems using artificial intelligence and biological processes such as enzymatic degradation of plastics. Based on a systematic literature sea...

This study evaluates the environmental performance of two CNC machining strategies-three-axis and five-axis milling-used in the production of an aluminum wheel upright for a Formula Student vehicle. A process-based gate-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was carried out using Sphera GaBi software and the Ecoinvent 3.9.1 database, focusing exclusively on impacts associated with the manufacturing technologies. The analysis included detailed measurements of electricity consumption, machine time, machining operation ...

Since Latvia acceded to the European Union (EU) in 2004, the natural resources tax (NRT) has been constantly amended to comply with EU regulations and directives. Particularly significant amendments to the NRT Law have been made concerning the circular economy, pollution reduction and sustainable use of resources. Considering that environmental protection requirements become increasingly stringent and sustainable development is a priority of EU and Latvian policies, there is a possibility that the NRT will be exte...

Cupola furnaces are still considered the most suitable furnace units for cast iron melting. Typical exhaust gas from a cupola furnace contains CO, SO2 and NOx. A relatively large amount of dust emissions are emitted from the cupola furnace. These are formed during melting in the cupola furnace. These emitted particles can contain CaO, FeO, Pb, MnO, MgO, SiO2 and Zn. Crushing and mechanical abrasion during charge preparation and charging generate particles, some of which are emitted immediately. Dust is also genera...

The utilization of renewable materials has raised worldwide interest regarding biodegradable polymers, proving important scientific, ecological, and economic relevance. Biopolymers are versatile materials used in various applications due to their high strength, low weight, and minimal environmental impact. However, their characterization for understanding their properties requires extensive experimental measurement. In this context, conventional research is improved by the integration of artificial intelligence (A...

Pyrite tailings from operating industrial facilities, beyond their primary component, frequently contain valuable base metal minerals (e.g., Co, Ni, Cu) that are in constant demand and are critical for 'green energy' technologies. Despite the comparatively low concentration of Ni and Co in these tailings, their overall reserves are potentially significant. The objective of this study was to investigate the recovery of nickel, cobalt, and copper from leach sulfuric solutions derived from nickel-cobalt-bearing pyrit...

Brewer-s spent yeast is a valuable by-product of the food industry that can be used for the extraction of bioactive compounds like beta-glucan. This paper aimed at establishing the optimal addition level of beta-glucan extracted from brewer spent yeast in pasta made of wheat flour with different protein content. For this purpose, dough texture, pasta nutritional composition, cooking behavior, pasta firmness and color were evaluated. The increase of beta-glucan level resulted in a proportional decrease of cooked pa...

In light of the gradual transition toward sustainable and green economy, the valorization of various agricultural residues has been drawing more attention. The leftover products from agricultural processing can be easily turned into a CO2-neutral biofuel. The subsequent deployment of nutrient-rich ash as fertilizer helps to keep a closed cycle of minerals and promote circular economy. This practice, however, comes with its drawbacks: excessive particulate matter (PM) emissions being among the most alarming. The pr...

This study focuses on the structural and material optimization of a composite airbox for a Formula Student vehicle from the perspective of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Three evolutionary airbox generations are analyzed, each differing in geometry, number of parts, and material configuration, while maintaining the same primary manufacturing technology, in which the core structural material is a carbon fiber prepreg cured in an autoclave. The design optimization includes shell geometry simplification, integration of...

Ash accumulating in a power plant-s ash pond represents a significant environmental burden for both nature and the people living nearby. For several years, we have been exploring the potential use of fungi, particularly the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), in the remediation and filtration process to ultimately achieve the revitalization of the ash pond site. The ash is mixed into a substrate based on European beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood chips, with the addition of two production strains of oyster mushroom....

The study examined the sorption properties of beech, chestnut, and pine sawdust, as well as pine pellets, focusing on their ability to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The kinetics of sorption were analyzed using CuSO4-5H2O and FeSO4-7H2O solutions (10?5-10?- M) over 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 hours. Sorbents were modified with HCl and NaCl, and their efficiency was evaluated by measuring pH and electrical conductivity before and after sorption. Chestnut sawdust demonstrated the highest sorption capacity, ...

Carbon emission has increasingly become a topic of the day. Carbothermic reduction processes and energy generating units have for years used generic carbonaceous materials contributing to high carbon pollution. Ongoing investigations are showing good prospects. This paper corroborates a comprehensive review on the potential of biochar as an innovative and sustainable alternative to traditional carbon sources in pyrometallurgical processes, addressing the environmental ithreats caused by fossil fuel use, such as gr...

The paper presents a medium-temperature modular pyrolysis plant generating electricity from syngas (SG) produced by air conversion of pyrolysis liquid and fed into the electrochemical generator (ECG) battery. Electric output of the plant and district water heater is 100 kW and 126 kW, respectively. The main power characteristics of the plant are determined by physicochemical modeling and energy budgeting methods. Specific consumption of pyrolysis liquid to produce electricity and heat is shown as 108 g/kW-h (169 g...

Biorefineries offer an advantageous and sustainable solution for managing by-products from the agro-industry while enabling the recovery of valuable molecules and biogas production from residual biomass. This study applied this approach to the beer industry's main by-products: Brewery-s Spent Grain (BSG). BSG is typically used as animal feed but shows potential for biorefinery applications due to its high protein content and favorable C/N ratio. By treating this biomass with an ionic liquid consisting of triethyla...

The article considers the processes leading to a change in the structure and properties as a result of calcination followed by acid treatment of heulandite-containing tuff from the Georgian Dzegvi-Tedzami deposit. The samples obtained by heat-acid treatment were studied by the X-ray energy dispersion spectra and diffraction patterns, as well as by adsorption of water and benzene methods. It was found that pre-heat treatment reduces weight loss and the degree of dealumination during subsequent acid treatment, and a...

Waste management is a current and future challenge due to the increasing volume of waste. The amount of waste generated directly correlates with production and consumption patterns. The current level of natural resource utilization exceeds the Earth's capacity for replenishment. Therefore, humanity must take action to mitigate the consequences of rampant natural resource consumption. One way to achieve this goal is to increase the level of waste recycling. However, the amount of waste actually recycled is signific...

During the mining, handling, and processing activities, the production of fines is inevitable due to breakage of large particles caused by compression, abrasion, attrition and impact of the ore particles with one another and the equipment during beneficiation and handling. The fines generated as a result, are generally high-grade feed stock materials and add value to processes. Many attempts to recycle these fines have shown some limitations because of the quality of binders used for agglomeration. Pyrometallurgic...