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The goal of work was the determination of heavy metals content (Zn, Cu, Co, Ni, Cr, Pb and Cd) in samples of legumes /bean/ from the chosen cultivation fields of south-western Slovakia and also to review soil hygiene of the monitored localities. Common bean varieties were collected from cultivation fields from locality Hurbanovo and villages Dolne Saliby, Risnovce and Teplicky. To exceed limits of heavy metals in the soil of all localities, established by Law No. 220/2004 and by threshold values proposed by Europe...

Using crop dusters at the current time constitutes an important and effective means to perform agricultural and forestry works, especially when is not possible to use terrestrial equipments, or when their use not ensure an increased productivity for optimum application of the works. So, in the case in which the excess moisture content in the soil makes it impossible to use terrestrial equipments, the use of crop dusters represents the only possibility of intervention, in order to ensure an effective fight against ...

The paper aims at inventorying soil resources in Secas Commune, Timis County, Romania, using modern means, namely the GIS method, but also to make a cartographic representation of these soil units using modern methods and means. [18,19] The main objectives envisaged are the development of knowledge on the natural environment, the creation of a ?spatial? pedological database, the spatial representation of soils, the qualitative representation of soils by GIS, the inventory of soils and the identification of their s...

In model laboratory studies of dynamics (3, 30, and 90 days), the effect of veterinary antibiotic tylosin on the biochemical properties of brown forest soil was studied at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg of soil. To study the biochemical properties of the soil, the following indicators were selected: the activity of enzymes of the class of oxidoreductases (catalase, dehydrogenases), hydrolases (invertase, phosphatase), and acidity of the soil (pH). It has been established that contamination of brown fores...

Among various pollutants, heavy metals with persistence, non-biodegradation, toxicity and bioavailability pose a major threat to all components of the environment. In soil of vineyard area near Nitra (Slovakia) were analysed four heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in order to assess soil contamination. Contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (DC) and pollution load index (PLI) were used in order to determine the level of environmental contamination of the study area. The average values of CF in soils decr...

The research was carried out in Tata Valley watershed, Dambovita region, Romania, which is a tributary of the Ialomita river. The objectives of this study were to estimate the annual soil loss by applying remote sensing data and the main data for the Tata Valley watershed and obtain a spatial representation of the results using GIS techniques. The method used to determine the soil erosivity and total eroded soil quantity in Tata Valley watershed, is the RUSLE + GIS technique, adapted to the specific conditions of ...

The Middle Povazie region belongs to 10 regions of the Slovakia with the most disturbed environment. Important industrial enterprises such as rubber plant, cement company and glassworks are the determining sources of the environment contamination in this region. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of potential Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr and Co contamination of agricultural land in three localities near to emission sources. The samples of soil were collected from two dephts: 0 ? 0.10 m (A horizon) and 0.20 ?...

The garlic crop is made by planting bulbs and they can easily pass through many herbicides that are applied to the soil due to the vigor of the garlic emerging seedlings. However, some weeds, especially those with large seeds, can also pass through the superficial layer of herbicide so that they can cause great damage to the crop. These weed species, such as cocklebur (Xanthium sp.) or velvet leaf (Abutilon theophrasti) can be controlled in postemergence with Goal 4F herbicide. Other herbicides, as Lontrel (clopyr...

Soil contamination is one of the most serious environmental problems. The aim of this study was to assess the level of contamination of soil by hazardous metals in 5 regions of Slovakia. Overall 152 samples (soil + plant) were collected from 76 sampling sites in investigated regions. In all samples contents of Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd were determined. In soil samples the total contents of risky elements in extracts by aqua regia as well as contents of bioavailable forms in extracts by NH4NO3 (c=1 mol/L) were determin...

Soil degradation, characterized by decline in quality, decreases ecosystem goods and services, and is a major constraint for further agricultural, including food, production. In addition, soil degradation caused by human activities, especially agriculture, contributes to climate change. The need to ensure a sustainable use of soils is outlined by the European Union (EU) Soil Thematic Strategy, as well as related legislation. This requires the prevention to further soil degradation and the preservation of its funct...

Both the United Kingdom as well as Czech Republic have seen increased impacts due to flooding in recent years. Rural flooding is due to intense and heavy rainfall-runoff events. Runoff brings with it soil erosion and sediment transport, so called ?muddy floods,? which causes serious onsite and offsite damages in the landscape or even in settlement area and infrastructure. Long-term observation and measurement is crucial step for understanding of complexity of processes involved in the generation of muddy floods an...

Environmental pollution by manganese is a significant problem for the Imereti region. The source of pollution is derived from manganese extraction quarry and ore processing plant. The purpose of the study was to investigate the concentration of manganese and other heavy metals in the soil, air and water. Samples were taken from the industrial area, and the chemical elements were identified in them using ICP-MS. The results showed that the concentration of manganese and some other metals exceed to the permissible l...

A great number of agricultural structures such as irrigation and drainage systems and anti-erosion facilities like bulk shafts, terraces, grassed run-off holding collectors, barrages, wind protection belts, etc. were put into operation during the last century in Bulgaria. The Agrarian Reform of the 1990-s posed unfavorable conditions for preservation and use of this valuable inheritance. Currently, small-sized, fragmented and scattered land use causes deterioration of land quality and infrastructure. The regulator...

The aim of the paper is to investigate the correlations between the parameters and mineralogy of agricultural soils contaminated by hazardous elements originated from the metallurgical industry. The mineralogical constituents of soil have a major influence on soil fertility and production capacity, as well as on migration and assimilation in various proportions of the elements both with nutritional role for plants and potential toxic ones. The importance of the study originates from the necessity of knowing the so...

This article presents results of researches of genesis and physical and chemical properties of humic acids of peat stratigraphic rigging of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve, selected in the area of The Mukhrino Field Station of the UNESCO chair of Yugra State University. The coordinates of the selection: 60.89535 N?68.639033 E. Ash content of peat does not exceed 12%. The effect of botanical composition of the original plants of the peat-forming plants of peat type on the construction of the macromolecules of humic acids ...

The influence of oil pollution on the set of indicators such as barley productivity, availability of macro- and microelements and also enzyme activity of the soils was profoundly investigated. The researched objects were the arable horizons of both leached chernozem and soddy podzolic soils, containing different amount of oil (2000 mg/kg, 3000 mg/kg). Besides, the ones without contamination were revealed. The higher is the dose of pollution, the higher is the average pH value. According to the studies conducted, o...

Plants are the main recipient of heavy metals found in soil, being at the same time a source of these metals for plants, animals and human organisms. The search for methods limiting the availability of heavy metals remains valid. Many years of research are being carried out at the Warsaw University of Technology, regarding limiting the availability of heavy metals to the trophic chain by introducing into the soil organic matter. The aim of the study was to analyse the content of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd) in radish...

The positive effects of biochar on soil structure were demonstrated in many studies. Substantially less, even information on the interrelationships between Al, Fe forms and soil structure induced by biochar application as well as its re-application is still absent. Therefore the aims of this study were: (1.) to evaluate the changes in soil structure parameters affected by biochar application and its re-application in different rates (0, 10 and 20 t ha-1), (2.) to evaluate the effect of biochar application and re-a...

Rice is an important source of nutrition as well as food supplies for massive food industry, retail, home consumption, animal feedstock and other uses. The quality of the grown agricultural foods is fragile and dependent on many external and internal factors, e.g., influenced by environmental factors of which one of the most important is mineral nutrition via fertilizers, natural soil structure, texture and mineral contents, micro- and micrometeorological, hidrological factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate...

In the course of model experiments, the biological properties of ordinary chernozem at oil pollution of 5% and 10% of soil mass and subsequent introduction of biologically active substances such as urea and potassium humate were studied. The results of bioremediation of oil-contaminated chernozem on the 30th, 60th and 90th day have been assessed by its biological properties: the activity of the phosphatase, catalase and invertase, emission of carbon dioxide. The phosphatase and catalase activity have shown the mos...

Variations of biological properties (3, 30, 90 days) of chernozem under the impact of antibiotics (ampicillin, streptomycin, tylosin) and pesticides (systemic fungicide input) in the concentration of 500 mg/kg of soil have been studied in simulation experiments. Addition of biocides varies the enumeration of microorganisms and enzymatic activity of soils. Correlation analysis revealed positive interrelation between enzymes of the two considered classes (dehydrogenase, invertase) with enumeration of micromycetes (r...

The most attractive tourist object of the West-Arctic region of Russia is Solovetsky Island. However, every year increasing the tourist flow has anthropogenic impact on unique Arctic areas. This article presents the features of the biogenic elements, oil products and heavy metals accumulation in the soils of the Solovetsky settlement (Bolshoy Solovetsky Island in the Solovetsky Islands archipelago) in order to determine the level of anthropogenic impact on these territories. The data of the physicochemical paramet...

The aim of the current research is to present an actual and overall picture of the arsenic (As) contamination of the soils in the Bulgarian part of the Danube floodplain between the Timok River and the Vit River including the following lowlands: Bregovo-Novoselska, Vidinska, Archaro-Orsoiska, Dolnotsibarska, Kozloduyska, Ostrovska and Chernopolska. One sampling campaign was carried in October 2017. The concentrations of As (mg/kg) were measured in <0.063 mm size fractions of 102 soil samples (56 samples from 0-20 ...

The uncertainty of methods for determining the heavy metal compounds, as well as problems in the comparison of the methods used, require further studies in this field. The aim of research is to study the fractional composition of Cu and Zn compounds in soil under model contamination conditions using different fractional methods. Chernozem Haplic was artificially contaminated with Cu and Zn acetates at rate of 300 mg kg ?1. Distribution of Cu forms in soil at the use of sequential fractionation by the Miller method...

The estuarine region of the Don River is a unique area occupied by a complex natural-technogenic system of interacting natural, urbanized, and agrarian ecosystems. The aim of this work was to study the level and degree of mobility of heavy metals (HMs) in the soil-plant system and to perform bioindication observations in the Don River estuarine region and the Russian sector of the Taganrog Bay coast. The soil cover is represented by following soils types: Fluvisols, Haplic Chernozem, Arenosol, Solonchak. The follo...

The soil is a major reservoir for carbon (C) in biosphere, containing globally twice as much C as the atmosphere and three times as much as vegetation. Soil CO2 efflux is highly sensitive to changes in surface temperature and relatively small changes in surface temperature may have a major influence on the magnitude of soil efflux. The potential increase in CO2 release from the soil caused by future elevated temperature may have a positive feedback effect on the atmospheric CO2 and global changes. For estimation o...

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of anthropogenic activities on the level of toxicity of river sediments near agricultural areas under cultivation. The evaluation of the acute toxicity of samples was carried out by contact test on earthworms of the genus Eisenia foetida. Neurotoxic potentiality of organophosphate pesticides present in the samples was assessed by measuring the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Sampling was from 9 watercourses in the north Moravian and the n...

Soil response is an important parameter that affects plant health and its resulting quality. It also affects the intake of chemical substances. These include not only nutrients but also e.g. heavy metals. It is well known that soil fertilization using organic matter, preferably manure, positively affects soil reaction. Manure can be enriched with various substances in order to increase its efficiency. However, this may mitigate the positive effects of manure on the soil or it may have a negative impact on soil pro...

Indices of soil respiration are widely used for evaluation of ecosystem productivity as well as for analysis of activity of soil microbiocenosis. Evolution of carbon dioxide can be an objective index of decomposition of soil organic matter and permits to characterize one of the most important aspects of biological cycle. This article analyzes dynamics of carbon dioxide evolution rate in ordinary chernozem upon contamination with antibiotics (ampicillin, streptomycin, tylosin, tromexin, aliseryl) in the concentrati...

Approaching the issue of fertilizers with organic substances of the bio stimulants class is a difficult task as the concept is far from complete elucidation and the legislation, research and experimental activities are still incipient as this products category with agricultural use is concerned. Any substance or micro organism applied to plants with the purpose to enhance nutrition efficiency, non biotic stress bearing, and/or crops quality features regardless of their nutrient content can be generally defined as ...

Major efforts are directed worldwide in order to establish proper strategies for the preservation of soil quality, its protection and sustainable use by precision farming techniques. Since the in-depth distribution of soil moisture represent valuable information for farmers, electric and electromagnetic techniques were employed for its investigation. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) with small electrode space interval was utilized for illustrating sectors of vertical water penetration and horizontal sectors...

The industrial activity of the last century has led to the severe environment pollution, especially in the areas where mining and smelting processes were involved. The impact of atmospheric emissions from the metallurgical plants was detected at great distances from the emission source. The main units for the processing of non-ferrous ores (in Romania) were located in Baia Mare (Maramures county ? MM), Copsa Mica (Sibiu county ? SB) and Zlatna (Alba county ? AB). In the Alba and Maramures counties there was and st...

The researches carried out aimed at assessing foliar fertilization bio stimulating effect by increasing fertilizers nutrient use efficiency and their absorption into plants. Foliar fertilizing variants NPK were formulated during the research activities on a PK type matrix base with secondary nutrients and trace elements. The nitrogen source consisted of urea and ammonium nitrate in which 6% of the total nitrogen content was added as 15N isotope to the basic PK type matrix. Agrochemical testing were carried out on ...

Economic activities in Jiu Valley, as integrated components of major geographical entities, are constantly degrading the area?s natural heritage by depositing large quantities of waste products resulted from coal extraction and preparation, abandoned buildings and poorly refurbished sites. In this respect, the current paper addresses these areas by identifying and classifying the potentially contaminated/contaminating industrial sites in Eastern Jiu Valley, depending on the type of activity carried out on site. Th...

The aim of this paper is to study the physical properties of soils as key factors in favoring pluvial denudation and the spatial distribution of degraded areas through hydric erosion. The soil types from the degraded areas and the soils physical properties that influence the erodibility were analised in the south-western part of the Seca?e Plateau (Romania). Field geomorphologic and pedological observations and laboratory physical analyzes of soil samples (texture, permeability, porosity and degree of compaction) ...

For reasoned reconstruction of initial presence of various organic substrates in the soil-ground material of archaeological sites, a model experiment was performed, where the dynamics of decomposition of organic substrates of protein, lipid and polysaccharide composition by soil microbial communities was studied. The experiment was carried out on gray forest soil under optimal conditions (60% WHC, 25oC). Soil samples were enriched by one of the substrates of protein (gelatin, casein, and sheep wool), lipid (sheep ...

The paper presents the results of the experiments on a sterile dump resulted from surface mining of lignite in Rovinari, Gorj County, where, was been tested the effect of a variety of fertilizer as: liquid fertilizers based on humates extracted from lignite, complex mineral fertilizer (N105 P105 K105 and N150 P150 K150), farmyard manure (20, 40 and 60 t/ha), compost (20, 40 and 60 t/ha), and the mixture of the two types of organic fertilizers with mineral fertilizer. Two test plants, corn, and sunflowers have been...

The researches have emphasized that on the improved sandy soils the maize yields (the average of fertilizer rates) is higher when the corn is cropped within a crop rotation than in monoculture (table 1, figure 1). The applying of nitrogen fertilizers on improved sandy soil, along with phosphorus ones is an endorsed measure for increasing maize yield (table 2, figure 2). The influence of crop rotation and fertilizer applying has recorded high yield outputs with all experimented crop rotations as compared with the m...

Earthworms of species Eisenia fetida (Savigny 1826) (red wiggler worm), are known as eaters of a large range of organic matter, being considered from this point of view real solvers of several issues regarding the wastes management. This study intended to show that paper wastes (copy paper) can be eaten by earthworms Eisenia fetida and thus this type of waste can be managed by introducing it into the diet of this earthworm species. The objectives of the study were two: 1) to determine the relationship existing bet...

The erosion of the soil, through the changes it brought to the soil cover and by the direct and indirect damage it produced, amplified and diversified the research in the field. In the soil erosion study, a particular importance is given to the slopes, showing, apart from their inclination, the exhibition, the uniform or varied appearance, the degree of fragmentation, the degree of erosion. The slope is expressed in percents and it is determinate the length of this slope (declivity), because these characteristics ...

Soil pollution with heavy metals is a major global environmental problem for many ecosystems. The exploitation and processing of non-ferrous ores are one of the most important anthropogenic sources of soils contamination with heavy metals. Romania is a rich country in mineral resources, therefore it has a long history of their exploitation. In this regard, there are several areas for the non-ferrous ores extraction, and one of them is located in the Metaliferi Mountains, where the tradition in gold, silver and oth...

Archaeological objects, such as fortification ramparts and burial mounds are widely spread on the Russian Plain and commonly buried soils have well preserved beneath. For Late Holocene, especially after 2500 BP, the climatic trends for the Russian Plain are still uncertain. Chronosequences of surface soils and soils buried under defensive ramparts of ancient settlements Mukhino, Ksizovo and Degtevoe in the Central Forest-Steppe zone, Lipetsk region was studied. Five defensive earthworks differ in age from 2500 to ...

The enterprises of the power industry worked by coal are one of the active sources of environmental pollution with heavy metals. The Novocherkassk State Power Station is the biggest power industry in the South of Russia. The atmospheric emissions contain heavy metals including Cu. Copper in soils exists in different chemical forms or types of binding. In environmental studies, the determination of these forms gives more information on trace metal mobility, as well as on their availability and toxicity, in comparis...

Recently the ecosystem services (services) have been increasingly considered in ecology and soil along with ecological (biogeocenotic) soil functions. This approach is justified by the need for a comprehensive assessment of soils, including the economic one. In laboratory and field experiments, the pollution of ordinary chernozems with heavy metals and oil has resulted in oppression of biological properties of soil: activity of catalase and dehydrogenase, abundance of the Azotobacter bacteria, the germination and ...

The influence of fertilization with nitrogen (N) at doses of 40, 80, 120, 160 kg/ha and phosphorus (P) at doses of 40, 80, 120, 160 kg/ha was studied in a long-term experiment on a Haplic Phaeozems. The results obtained showed the following: the applied nitrogen doses did not significantly influence the humus content in the soil; simultaneous application of 80-160 kg/ha P and 40-160 kg/ha N generated distinctly and very significant increases in the hummus and total nitrogen content of the soil. Ammonium nitrate ca...

Our investigation has been focused on establishing the slowing down plant growth at the border of polytunnels. In order to determine the limiting factors of plant growth, we have conducted studies on soil properties, entomofauna and soil mesofauna. The research has been carried out in several polytunnels located in North Eastern Romania (Bac?u, Ia?i, B?rlad, F?lticeni, H?rl?u, T?rgu Frumos, Matca-Tecuci) In the field were developed and characterized soil profiles and samples were taken to determine the states of c...

This study aimed to establish if the dried shredded leaves of Acer platanoides could represent an adequate food for earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny 1826) (red wiggler worm). The study was carried out in laboratory conditions and its aims were to determine the influence of this food on three biological parameters of earthworm Eisenia fetida (survival, weight, and prolificacy), and to reveal the changes appearing into the soil in the presence of this earthworm species, fed or not with shredded leaves of Acer plata...

Soil erosion is one of the crucial forms of land degradation; a menace caused by soil degradation and prevailing lithological feature in southern Nigeria. Several hectares of land area and properties worth about 2.5 million USD are lost annually due to soil erosion. Besides arable lands, the vegetation which serves as habitat to several species is rapidly disappearing leading to the extinction of the native plant species. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impacts of soil-gully erosion from 1986-2016 b...

Human activities as land use and management impact soil functioning. These are amplified also by stress factors as extreme climate events (drought, flood, heat waves) and meteorological anomalies, consequence of climate change. Although there are clues on how these challenging factors affect quality and functioning at its top surface (between 0 пїЅ 15 cm), there are minor information on how these impact soil in its depth profile. This study present obtained data from assessment studies performed on agricultural la...

Regarding to the situation in Romania, the country's total agricultural surface of 14.946 million ha, an area of 6.367 million ha (42.6%), with slopes greater than 5%, is prone to water erosion and other processes associated. Of these, over 900,000 ha are affected by very strong and excessive erosion. The study aims to quantify the soil loss by erosion process and to specify the main factor affecting the erosion development in the study area using geoprocessing techniques and the erosion predictive model Revised U...