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Experiences from various countries show that without initial state support it is not possible to build basis for applying of t echnologies using renewable energy sources. Presented contribution is orientated to the various mechanisms that are using for support of renewable energy sources. That means st ate regulation in this area generally and basic types of state donation policy in th e frame of European Union and their consequences on the market with renewable energy sources.

The development of the market economy and th e increase in its degree of complexity requires complete operative economic informa tion. The balance sheet stands for the accounting method procedure through which ther e can be controlled the way of using material and human resources in view of making necessary decisions. The balance sheet-based analysis - i.e. the diagnosis an alysis - is oriented towards revealing the financial position of the company, its capaci ty to generate monetary surplus values guaranteeing i...

The dynamic tests of reinforced concrete road bridge on the modern highway E-75 at the Kumanovo-Veles section has been carried out. The bridge is a prefabricated system of pre-stressed simple beams connected by the road deck cast in situ. The foundations were bedded in the stratum of shale. Under six of the columns the footings, that is, foundations, are the ordinary cascade ones, while three columns are founded on caissons, that is boxes in the very PДЌinja riverbed, nearby Katlanovo village . For the purpose of ...

The subject of this project is to evaluate precipitation variability, trends and projections due to climate change in north-w estern Bulgaria as part of the changes in the early 21st century in that area. Studies in recent years show a decline of precipitation for the Balkans and Bulgaria in particular. The re duction in rainfall amounts is typical for the last 10 years of the 20th century and continues into the early 21st century. Examination models of the precipitation amount indicate a trend of increasing of th...

Within the NATO Science for Peace Project 981882 “Site-effect analyses for the earthquake-endangered metropolis Bucharest, Romania” we obtain a unique, homogeneous dataset of seismic, soil-mechanic and elasto-dynamic parameters. Ten 50 m deep boreholes are drilled in the metropolitan area of Bucharest in order to obtain cores for dynamic tests and vertical seismic profiles for an updated microzonation map related to earthquake wave amplification. The boreholes are placed near former or existing seismic station...

Criteria of assessment of surface energy during the minerals disintegration are substantiated in the paper. Values of mechanochemistryactivation criterion of disintegration process are experimentally de fined for a number of gold-bearing ores of the Far Eastern region. It is established that directed changing of surface mineral characteristics makes possible prediction and optimization of technological parameters of ore crushing and Пѓ parameter (surface tension coefficient) and can be a regulated parameter of con...

The research done by the climatology specialists of the National Meteorology Administration, using long stri ngs of data collected from 14 meteorological stations, showed, on a national level, an average temperature rise of 0.3В°C between 1901 and 2000 and of 0.5В°C between 1901 and 2007, which is statistically relevant in the Carpathian region, with certain seasonal os cillations. The data analysis done with the help of the archives gathered from a la rge number of meteorol ogical stations (94), consisting of con...

The paper presents the results of column adsorption of Cu 2+ metal ions from synthetic solution (concentration up to 200 mg dm -3) onto beech sawdust and wheat straw. Adsorption ability of the chosen type of adso rbent is considered as a function of the initial pH of solution. The breakthrough curv es are presented as a function of the aqueous phase volume passed through the colu mn allowing getting an insight in the column adsorption features. A very high adsorption degree – higher than 99% was achieved in thes...

Here we try to find a compromise way of controlling a continuous variable power system by adopting a hybrid architecture in which the renewable energy sources are coupled with the classic power grid. In such an architecture, a big issue is the control algorithm for management of the energy sources, which had to be designed in such a way that the final consumer remain powered on at all times. We proposed a control algorithm which compares the input and output powers, if the input power is lower than the output, the...

Tungsten carbides coatings are one of the mo st promising coatings used against wear and corrosion in industry, in particular in aerospace, automation, transportation and power generation system. The paper presents the investigation of WC-Co coatings produced by high velocity oxy- fuel (HVOF) spraying method using two feedstock powders with different particles granulation. The substrate selected for depositions was a C45 steel. The morphology and phases modification of the coatings was analyzed by Scanning Electro...

Vocabulary selection for training purposes is one of the most significant and difficult factors because the program developer has to select the set of words relevant for the aims of the course. Selected vocabulary should ensure the development of speech abilities and skills within certain number of academic hours. Internationalism are helpful for demonstrating and testing pronunciation rules in the language since it is always a pleasure for a trainee to work on pronunciation words that he understands. We can use t...

Concrete and mortar made with Portland cement can be damaged when exposed to solutions containing sulphate. Waste water ofte n contains sulphuric bacteria, and so the piping is frequently damage due to sulphate attack. In case of concrete sewer pipes this phenomenon is caused mainly by the sulphur-o xidising and sulphate-reducing bacteria that are forming part of the biological circulation of sulphur and its compounds in biosphere. These bacteria take part in the dissimilatory part of this cycle and the bacterial ...

Drought issues are discussed: concept, definition and classification of drought as well as drought indices, drought prediction and monito ring. The second part is on the weather network in the country as a tool for drought monitoring.

Widespread use of renewable energies is a global priority that must not be ignored. Optimal production and use of renewable energy sources is a necessity. In the current context, characterized by alarming incr ease in pollution caused by energy production from combustion of fossil fuels, is becoming increasingly important to reduce dependency on these fuels. Energy recovery and conservation aim at solutions for a substantial reduction in fuel consumption. In this context we can mention hydrostatic regenerative hyb...

Climate change is a serious threat to the e nvironment. The idea of climate envelope is stimulated by the quest for environmental su stainability. ETFE film is highly regarded as a sustainable material, wh ich together with the air makes the system ETFE pillows. Due to its characteristics, ETFE multilayer systems are suita ble for the construction of climatic envelope in certain areas, as well as highly effective modulators of the environment.

The cement as a building material significan tly affects the environment throughout the whole life cycle. The environmental assessm ent of products should be a factor of importance in term of protection of the e nvironment and human safety. Environmental assessment of type I which determines the criteria for materials and products is the most used evaluation process in Slovak Republic. Cements environmental criteri a within the Slovak eco-lab elling process include the energy consumption limitation for production ...

Romanian Plain occupies from the geotecto nic point of view, the northern part of Moesian Platform, a platform forming a ri gid block between the Carpathians and the Balkans. Dacian Basin, opened after tecton ic movements, badenian , in the Sarmatian, outside the Carpathian arch, has evolved in a brackish sedimentation environment by the end of the Pliocene, after which was installed a lacustrine environment amid of water body restriction only in the southern pa rt of Romania. The lacustrine system is installed in...

This paperwork makes an assessment of risk failure in defense works against flood located along and perpendicular on rivers , including natural riparian wetlands. Highlighting these areas allow us to ma ke complex studies about the different possibilities of flood mitigation, considering the surfaces and lowering the flood risk. Explanations about the “hazard - risk” scheme are made, with flood analyses in many case studies to propose a computation mode l for risk and management assessment accordingly with the...

In the present paper theme of estimation of forest susceptibility take on degradation was taken. Until this time this problem wa sn’t identified enough in literature (see Kowalkowska i in., 1995). That is the reason why author concentrates on presentation of new proposal of system of estimate forest state. Forests has been analyzed as elements of natural environments (system). In such captivation it is possible to follow co-dependences and interactions individual components between them. The investigative area w...

Region of West Carpathians Mountains is the territory, where app. 5.25% of total area of coverage are landslides. Therefore our re search team has started implementation of TDR technology (Time Domain Reflectometry) for measurement of slope underground movements. However this technology offers implementation for a variety of uses. Continuing development of monitoring usin g this method of measurement has been implemented in one selected locality where new national road was built across the existing landslide. In t...

Goal of the contribution is to explai n evaluation of economical and marketing environment that mining firms must resp ect during their business activity. External environment of mining firm includes exce pt others technological development, economical situation, and legislative by the way of regulation, but in last time also stimulations from the government, competitio n behavior and other. Contribution is dealing also with economical effectiveness of investment in the frame of economical and marketing evaluation...

The greatest quantities of waste represent on e of the most acute problems faced by big cities. The huge amounts of household produced by the population, office and small enterprises which provide various services to the population need to be processed in special plants. After this kind of processed it intend to obtained raw materials for manufactured industries and the organic waste will be transformed in compost for agriculture or in methane gas if we have an specifically installation. Such material will be proc...

In recent years major advances in monitoring processes of sectoral control systems have been observed as well as the lack of interope rability of spatial info rmation systems. In the frame of the EuroGEOSS project inte roperability between Drought Management Centre for South-Eastern Europe (DMC SEE) and European Drought Observatory (EDO) has been developed. For interoperability processes open source tools and Open Geo-data Interoperability Specifications (OpenGIS) were used.

The health risks for people in residential zones most often result from the dangerous chemicals but also physical risks. Realization of living and working environment protection system which w ould provide harmony between humans, their activities and nature, required an integral approach. The presence of toxins in drinking water and food are significant factors ac ting on human health. The food additives become and increasing hazard and instrument for permanent disruption of human health. The occurrence of lead in...

The economic development includes the macro approach to all economic fields. The important economic tools are those wh ich lead economic subjects through the internationalization of th e living environment and costs of natural resources exploitation. Since the economic development is only one part of the overall economic development, the future economic growth cannot be imagined without the ecological protection and environmental reproduction.

In seismic microzonation we want to display the variation in seismic response of the subsurface and subsequently determine where the soil is being amplified to a level that may damage existing buildings or other structures. Frequently peak ground acceleration (PGA) is used to determine the maximu m horizontal forces that can be expected. The method is not always adequate, because PGA often corresponds to high frequencies, which are out of range of the natural frequencies of most structures. The largest amplificati...

Spatial data are being used in the process of effective decision making, for optimal resource management and continuous development. A need for properly maintained cadastral records enforced the development of spatial data infrastr ucture at national, regional and global level. NSDI (National Spatial Data Infras tructure) decreases redundancy and allows an easy access, share and exchange of spatial data on the principles of interoperability. NSDI de velopment must be based on the ISO 19100 series of standards and ...

Oil composition at the late stage of field development is determined by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Change in compositi on and physical-and-chemical properties of oil could be considered significant in several ways. This is due to both changes in the interaction of oil and injected agents, and involvement of the reserves not yet developed. The most sensitive, quickly a nd accurately determined parameters are optical characteristics of oil, and namely the coefficient of light absorption. It depends on t...

Building industry has an essential share in depletion of environment and, after food production, belongs to the largest consumer of raw materials. Exploitation, production or transportation of building materials, as well as build-up, operation or demolition of buildings requires massive amounts of energy and results in huge amounts of greenhouse or acidifying gasses emission, par ticipates in depletion of ozone layer, eutrophication processes or photochemical ozone creation. Selection of building materials, as pri...

The article deals with the development of sanitation processing model as well as the necessity of model simulation in a soluti on of prevention and remediation of unusual flood events. There are the possibilities for an involvement of water flow owners, community land trusts and i ndividual towns and municipalities in the sanitation process and prevention of unusual flood events. This pa ys main attention to the effective human resource management for organization of sanitation and working teams. It shows on a dem...

The open pit Veliki Krivelj is a copper mine which operates within RTB Bor Group in Serbia. In 1998 a combined haulage system involving the initial dump truck haulage, crusher, belt conveyor and a boom spreader for waste disposal was designed and installed in order to reduce the costs on overburden removal. The designed productivity of the system is 4 700 t/h and it will be fully operational in the next few weeks. Up to date it has been capable of achieving maximal 50% of this productivity because only one of two ...

Titanium is a biocompatible material used in dentistry as una lloyed (minimum purity 99.4%) and alloyed, the most widely used is TiAl6V4 despite some reservations about the releasing of Al and V ions, which can be accumulated in the tissues. To increase the surface contact between the implant and bone, facilitating osseointegration the implants are coated with titanium or ceramic mate rials leading to a ro ughness surface which creates conditions for bone growth, resulting a better anchoring between the implant an...

In the context of sustainable development the problem of water pollution has a greatest importance due to the necessity of ensuring a clean environment for the next generation. Water quality standards provide the framework of accepted water parameters: chemical, physical, microbiological, biochemical, radiological. The European standards show the sampling method and terminology accep ted for that in according with macro- regional environmental conditions. In the present conditions, a good standard of life for peop...

Construction Sand production is done mostly by small mining companies and, because its price is distance dependent, it must be mined as near as possible to its final use, the cities, causing locational and environmental conflicts with economic and socio- environmental impacts. The Piranema Sand District is no exception. Located at 70 km from downtown Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, its 70 small mining companies are the main suppliers of the Rio’s Metropolitan Area, w ith 90% of its demand: a critical success factor...

The paper deals with some factors influencin g the values of sandy soils shear strength parameters, obtained by direct shear test (DST). Influences of density, shear area changing and number of specimens on the test result of clayey sand (SC) and sand with some fines (S-F) are examined. Influences of the density on the values of sandy soils shear strength parameters will be introduced in the paper by the tests with density index 6 . 0 ; 3 . 0=DI and 0.9. Influences of the shear area changing on the values of sandy...

The increase of the demands for quality in th e EU is caused by the fact that customer’s satisfaction is no longer enough; the expectations must be overcome by promoting the concept “Beyond Customer Satisfaction”, which determined the orientation of the Romanian companies toward s implementing the Quality Management System. This paper aims at analysing the impact that th is implementation system has on the analysed company's financial and economic results involv ed in such a process. This diagnosis, during 2...

Efficient protection and construction of engine ering and other struct ures in seismically active areas is a series of contradictions, where an optimum solution must be found, which does not comprise a compromise at the expense of safety and security of the people, and which minimizes damage of property. Along with the increase of the needs for energy, the need for open pit mining production increases, which is related to the mass blasting with incr easing quantities of explosive, and nearing to the population cen...

During the last decades an increase of the number of extreme natural events has been observed all over the world. Drought in Southeastern Europe is among the extreme events, which might have significant negativ e impacts on the socio-economic sectors. Drought in Bulgaria has been in details studied by many researchers, but being a problem of vital importance, is continuously considered with enhanced attention. 50- years time series of precipitation, collected from 20 weather stations located at the Maritsa and Tun...

In this paper we analysed timber and timber based products as renewable materials that can be reused, recycled or used as ener gy source, with minimal waste. In civil engineering the main aspects of environment are: consumption of material and energy for constructing purposes, and emission of harmful materia into the environment during the life cycle of construction. Forest regene ration has certain significance in the system of sustainable development. Wood degradates easily which is an advantage considering the ...