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The main objective of this study is to outline the spatial distribution of precipitation deficit at both monthly and annual scales by comparing precipitation data from two reference periods: 1961–1990 and 1991–2020. To achieve this goal, monthly and annual precipitation normals from 355 meteorological stations throughout the country are calculated in accordance with the World Meteorological Organization's standards. Data post-processing, statistical analysis and spatial interpolation are performed in the R env...

Prioritizing objectives amid the energy crisis and energy transition requires finding solutions that balance energy affordability with economic competitiveness, while gradually reducing fossil fuel use and promoting renewable and low carbon sources to meet greenhouse gas reduction targets. Currently, industry widely utilizes energy-efficient equipment for heating that relies on natural gas. To support the energy transition outlined in the National Energy Strategy, this paper proposes the study of an experimental r...

UAV photogrammetry is well established in Slovak geodesy across all aspects of surveying work. To a lesser extent, it is also used for the purposes of the Slovak Land Administration System (LAS). The aim of this study was to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of obtaining coordinates of breakpoints of ownership boundaries from data acquired by UAV photogrammetry. Data collection took place in 2025 in the cadastral area of Pac, covering an area of 0.703 square km. The survey work lasted 4 hours using a DJI Ma...

Earthquakes are unevenly distributed in space. Seismic events are predominantly concentrated within well-defined seismic belts, many of which coincide with the boundaries and interaction zones of major tectonic plates. These zones represent areas of accumulated stress and active geodynamic processes, where earthquake generation is most frequent. In seismically active territories such as Bulgaria, earthquakes constitute one of the most significant natural hazards due to their potential societal and infrastructural ...

Environmental pollution with microplastics is a global concern, accompanied by a large body of research primarily focused on aquatic environments. Microplastic contamination has a considerable impact on both the biological diversity of aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this context, the present paper provides an overview of technologies and measures aimed at reducing the presence of microplastics in surface waters, emphasizing two complementary approaches: the removal of microplastics from transfer pathways ...

In terms of its influence on human health, noise has a significant effect. One type of noise is generated by tire/road contact while a vehicle is in motion. This noise is monitored and analyzed using the CPX (Close-ProXimity) method according to ISO 11819-2, in which microphones are used to measure the noise generated by a rolling reference tire. The level of this type of noise is determined by various factors. One of these factors is the macrotexture of the road surface, that is, the texture of the road surface a...

This study investigates the transport dynamics of heavy metals and metal-containing nanoparticles from mining-affected areas through major Georgian river systems into the Black Sea, with a focus on environmental risk assessment. Mining activities in Georgia represent a significant source of metal contamination, influencing both dissolved and particulate phases within riverine environments. A spatial monitoring approach was applied along upstream–downstream gradients to evaluate the distribution of metals in wate...

Modern architecture and materials science are searching for new materials that are environmentally friendly and sustainable. These materials ensure a high quality of life and high energy efficiency in buildings. In addition to operational characteristics, the technological aspects of their production are important. This includes high mold turnover, ease of material fabrication, and the cost of obtaining them. These requirements can be met through the use of additive manufacturing for the production of buildings an...

Celery (Apium Graveolens var. Rapaceum) is a tasty and aromatic vegetable, part of the Apiaceae family. It is an important horticultural crop, being rich in nutritional value. It is cultivated worldwide both for food and for use in the pharmaceutical industry. This medicinal vegetable hosts a valuable source of minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, pigments, aromatic compounds, organic acids, tannins. The aim of this study was to determine the mineral composition of celery root using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), but also...

In this paper is presented a Mobile Integrated System for on the Site Testing (MISST) of equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres, with type of protection pressurization p, resulting from research activities out by the research and testing team involved. The fundamental aspects of the design, implementation and easy use of such an integrated system have been examined, implemented and tested. A mobile integrated test system for Ex p type of protection applied to equipment in Ex construction, ...

The Akshabulak and Aryskum structures, located within the Aryskum depression of the South Torgay sedimentary basin, are among the most thoroughly investigated hydrocarbon-bearing areas in Kazakhstan. The discovery of several oil and gas fields in these structures was facilitated by seismic surveys conducted between 1986 and 1988. The present study aims to develop predictive exploration models based on the analysis of density heterogeneities and the distribution of horizontal lithostatic pressure components derived...

The volume of accessible groundwater in Latvia from a chosen aquifer is generally sufficient for a household or company to install a borehole with a flow rate of 10 m3/day or 100 m3/day. In this case, the main legal restrictions concern lowering the groundwater table to the minimum permissible level and the required water level reserve relative to the top of the well's filter column. Latvia is rich in groundwater water; for decision-makers to install a water intake well, it is usually sufficient to analyze data fr...

This study investigated a nondestructive, remote-sensing-based testing method for detecting harmful wetness in immovable cultural heritage structures using unmanned aerial vehicle multispectral imagery combined with machine learning algorithms. The multispectral data were captured over a historic building with DJI Mavic 3M UAV, and supervised machine learning classifiers were applied to identify moisture-risk areas across the building’s facades. The spectral range of the employed multispectral sensor did not all...

Accurate monitoring of crop phenology is essential for yield estimation, growing season modeling, and climate adaptation in agriculture. While freely available satellite archives provide broad spatial coverage, their temporal frequency is often insufficient for capturing the rapid phenological transitions characteristic of crops. This study addresses that gap through a multitemporal analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from a time series of 119 PlanetScope satellite images at 3 m s...

This study assesses surface deformation in the Vyshegrad Fortress area using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The site, located near the Studen Kladenets dam, is affected by complex geomorphological and environmental conditions that may compromise structural stability. Steep slopes prone to erosion and landslides, increased moisture, rock fracturing, and regional seismic activity pose significant risks to the integrity of the stone architectural complex. Their evaluation is essential for effective preservation...

This paper presents an extended multi-sensor geoinformation framework for monitoring forest ecosystems in Ukraine under conditions restricted field access. Building upon previously validated hexagonal GIS and NDVI-based remote sensing methodology applied to Zhytomyr Oblast (2021–2024), the current study incorporates an expanded Sentinel-2 time series through 2025 and introduces a theoretical framework for integrating Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data to overcome the critical limitation of optical cl...

This study presents the application of integrated UAS and terrestrial close-range photogrammetry for the comprehensive 3D reconstruction of the cultural heritage site “St. John Letni” chapel, located near Pchelina Reservoir, Bulgaria. The main objective of the research is to produce detailed and accurate documentation of the chapel in its current condition, supporting its long-term preservation and potential restoration. The data acquisition combines aerial imagery from an unmanned aerial system (UAS) and terr...

This research addresses the design, integration, and validation of a complex methodology for wetland monitoring, using as case studies two peat bogs located in the Maramures Mountains Natural Park, Romania. The study is part of a larger research effort concerning the assessment of the current ecological status of internationally important wetlands in the trans-Carpathian region of Romania, Ukraine, and Slovakia, through the development of an integrated monitoring system based on advanced geomatic technologies. Thi...

Financial markets exhibit complex dynamic behavior, particularly during periods of instability when traditional assumptions about market efficiency tend to break down. This study builds upon an ML-based AI system developed in [1], [2], which extracts information from companies’ financial statements to model stock price directional movements. From a behavioral finance perspective, investor biases may lead to deviations from rational decision-making, especially during periods of market stress. To address this, a m...

Fertilizers are a fundamental agricultural input, necessary to maintain high yields and exploit soils and growing substrates that are otherwise unsuitable for plant breeding. Nevertheless, their overuse and mismanagement have led to significant negative environmental impacts, such as water pollution, high greenhouse gas emissions and soil degradation. Since the early 2000s, nanofertilizers have been touted as an innovation useful to improve both the sustainability and effectiveness of fertilization methods. The st...

Soil resilience is known as the ability to resist and recover from exposure to contaminants, climate change, erosion, anthropogenic activities and intensive use of resources, in order to maintain vital processes such as nutrient cycling, water retention, and structural stability. To remediate the affected soils, several integrated strategies, including bioremediation, hydrological management and the use of amendments can be applied. The usage of natural amendments represents a sustainable path for improving soil p...

Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) have emerged as a strategic approach in contemporary urban planning for addressing the interconnected challenges of climate change, biodiversity loss, environmental degradation, and urban resilience. By integrating natural processes and ecosystem services into the design and management of cities, NBS offer sustainable alternatives to conventional gray infrastructure while simultaneously generating environmental, social, and economic benefits. Green roofs, urban forests, wetlands, perme...

Tunnels, as specific types of transport structures, place high demands on pavement construction. When selecting the pavement type, two main construction types are often compared: asphalt concrete and cement concrete. Both have their advantages and disadvantages, which must always be considered in light of the boundary conditions. The choice between asphalt and concrete pavement should be based on the specific project requirements, climatic conditions, traffic load, planned service life, maintenance and repair opti...

In terms of sustainability of mining, one of the decisive factors, in addition to economics, is safety. This mainly includes minimizing the effects of safety risk factors such as noise, vibration and technical seismicity, dustiness, the occurrence of harmful gases, etc. From this point of view, it is necessary to pay due attention to this area in research and try to maximize the protection of workers, but also the environment, from the effects of these risk factors resulting from the mining and subsequent mineral ...

This study presents a numerical analysis of resonator configurations for acoustic agglomeration in air purification applications. The efficiency of acoustic agglomeration is determined by the spatial distribution of acoustic pressure, which is controllably modified through mechanically deformable resonators. The investigation employs finite element analysis in a sequential multiphysics approach (ANSYS Workbench), comprising modal analysis for natural frequencies and mode shapes, harmonic acoustic analysis for defo...

Residential HVAC work (installation, commissioning, and periodic maintenance) is often performed by small teams under time pressure and in variable site conditions. Despite being routine, these tasks involve recurring occupational hazards: chemical exposure to refrigerants and oils, electrical shock during connections and testing, falls during outdoor unit mounting, manual handling injuries, and ergonomic strain from constrained postures. This paper presents a super-simple, practice-oriented method to identify, ev...

Mercury is among the most hazardous trace elements released during fuel combustion, yet its occurrence in biomass and biomass ash remains insufficiently constrained. This paper presents an integrated assessment of published data on Hg contents, associations, and probable modes of occurrence in eight biomass types and their ashes generated during combustion, with emphasis on Hg volatilization, retention in biomass ash, and comparison with industrial coals used in Bulgaria. Published chemical, mineralogical, thermal...

Selective hydrogenation of biomass-derived molecules catalyzed by metals is in high demand, but is challenging due to complex reaction pathways. Furfural (FF) is a highly effective chemical produced by processing agricultural and woodworking waste and used to produce furfuryl alcohol (FA), furan, 2-methylfuran, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, etc. Furfuryl alcohol is used in the production of acid-resistant polymer concrete, fiberglass, paint and varnish materials (as a film-forming agent), as well as to create variou...

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)-assisted retrofitting of diesel engines remains attractive, but exhaustive dual-fuel bench mapping is costly and engine-specific. This paper presents a simulation-guided prioritization workflow for retrofitting the UTB 2404055 agricultural diesel engine to LPG-diesel operation. An AVL BOOST 1D model of a dual-fuel architecture with multi-point LPG port injection and direct diesel pilot injection was calibrated and validated against eight measured diesel baseline points at 1400 and 240...

This study presents the onboard integration and experimental evaluation of a small-scale wind turbine installed on a maritime vessel operating in the Danube sector. The research aims to assess the feasibility of harnessing wind energy under real navigation conditions and to quantify the electrical power generation potential across different operational states, including cruising, maneuvering, and standby. The system was designed with consideration for structural constraints, aerodynamic interference from the vesse...

The present research analyses development opportunities for car electrification in Latvia in the context of the European Green Deal, assessing both political and economic aspects as well as business practices. The research aims to identify factors that influence the development of electromobility and to develop proposals for its promotion. The research employed document analysis, statistical, qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as conducted a case study of the company Ayvens Latvija and five expert inter...

Infrared (IR) absorption spectra are investigated hydrogenated amorphous solid solution films a-Si1-xGex: H (x = 0 - 1) plasma chemical vapor deposition at different partial pressures of hydrogen PH2. Defined force, oscillator, which essentially depended on PH2. It is shown that the hydrogen contained in films mostly in the forms of GeH, SiH. Using integrated acquisitions JW, determined the amount of hydrogen in the films. Film properties depend on the composition and level of hydrogenation. The number of hydrogen...

This paper presents the development and experimental validation of an intelligent variable-structure control system for optimizing industrial ventilation in ATEX (ATmospheres EXplosibles) environments. Current ventilation solutions, based on continuous maximum-flow operation, consume 15 to 40 percent of total industrial hall energy and remain largely reactive to hazardous atmosphere formation. The proposed system integrates Model Predictive Control (MPC) with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms and a spatia...

The flameproof enclosure type of protection is a safety method designed to prevent the ignition of an explosive atmosphere in hazardous environments. It involves enclosing components that may generate sparks, electrical arcs, or high temperatures within a robust, explosion-resistant housing. This enclosure is engineered to withstand the pressure generated by an internal explosion of a flammable gas mixture, ensuring that the explosion does not propagate to the surrounding atmosphere. This type of protection is par...

West Romania Banat high plains in the Pannonian Basin are low slope and wet. Block subsidence, loess, and river lake beds built a wide glacis belt cut by marshy vales. We mapped soils and limits in six plains from Vinga and the Bega Timis gulf to Gataia Tormac Moravita and Buzias Timis, 43 cadastral units, 346000 ha farm. Data follow Romanian soil taxonomy 2012 and were joined with relief from a digital elevation model, sediment maps, canal and dike maps, and climate means at Arad and Timisoara (T 10.4–10.8C; P ...

The growing importance of sustainable consumption in the digital environment highlights the need to better understand how consumer perceptions and trust influence decision-making processes. Digital platforms increasingly shape how sustainability-related information is perceived and interpreted, making perceived sustainability and consumer trust critical factors in sustainable consumption decisions. This article presents the results of a study aimed at analysing how perceived sustainability and consumer trust influ...

Making the automotive greener has led to a continuous intensification of studies for alternative technologies in road transport. The most promising of technology is based on electric propulsion. But beside many advantages, the electric vehicles have some disadvantages compared to conventional vehicles: limited driving range, long charging times, and insufficient charging infrastructure in some areas. Additionally, battery degradation over time (especially due to operation in extreme weather conditions in winter an...

Sand production poses a major challenge in the development of weakly consolidated and unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, leading to equipment erosion, wellbore plugging, reduced productivity, and increased operational costs. Downhole sand control filters, primarily deployed as mechanical screens, are essential to retain formation sand while permitting hydrocarbon flow with minimal impairment. This review synthesizes established industry practices, laboratory sand retention test results, and field performance dat...

The research is aimed at developing intelligent solution for the manager to better plan future resources. A key element in profit management is resource allocation. The idea of this research is based on the desire to improve the profit of a business organization. Quantitative formalization of this process is done by presenting mathematical models for predicting. Formal modeling in forecasting is based on statistical analysis of available historical data and estimation of future behavior. Mathematical prediction mo...

This paper assesses policy instruments supporting carbon-neutrality measures in Estonia, Portugal and Romania, aiming to identify lessons for Latvia and other European Union Member States. The study focuses on regulatory, financial and socio-economic instruments that enable climate action. Methods: The research is based on comparative document analysis of national energy and climate policy documents, recovery and resilience plans, European Commission assessments, sectoral strategies and institutional sources. The ...

This paper investigates the potential of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology for monitoring vertical displacements in areas affected by underground mining and evaluates its combination with precise geometric leveling. The study is based on repeated measurements carried out in the Stonava locality (Czech Republic), where intensive deep coal mining induces significant surface subsidence reaching up to several decimeters per year. The main objective is to assess the accuracy of GNSS-derived heights, ...

This paper presents an investigation of a reinforced concrete frame bridge in Prague, Czech Republic, affected by a severe fire caused by burning tires beneath the structure. The resulting high temperatures likely influenced both the concrete and reinforcing steel, potentially reducing material strength and altering mechanical properties. A detailed assessment was carried out to evaluate the current condition of the bridge. The investigation included visual inspection, mapping of surface damage, and extraction of ...

Mining activities can influence agricultural environments by altering potentially toxic elements (PTEs) concentrations in different environmental compartments, promoting their accumulation and generating potential exposure pathways. This study analyzed PTEs in agricultural soil and irrigation water in the Santa Rosa mining district, Ecuador. Fourteen soil samples were collected from agricultural farms, and ten water samples were obtained from a nearby canal used for crop irrigation. PTEs levels were measured by XR...

The construction sector generates substantial amounts of waste and still largely operates within a linear model of resource consumption. In response to increasing environmental pressures, circular construction has gained importance as an approach that extends material life cycles, reduces waste generation, and limits the demand for new raw materials. In this context, the reuse of building products represents a promising strategy for improving resource efficiency and supporting more sustainable end-of-life manageme...

Industrial sites concentrate high-energy processes, hazardous substances, and complex building layouts that can amplify fire, explosion, and toxic-smoke events. Fire and rescue units (ISU) often arrive with incomplete or outdated information about the facility, which increases response time and exposes crews to avoidable hazards. This paper proposes a simple, patent-oriented framework for optimizing ISU interventions in industrial zones by combining four building blocks: operational response data, computational fl...

Global water use keeps rising and by 2050 may be about 30% higher than today. Growing pressure on freshwater resources and the high energy demand of conventional desalination encourage the search for alternatives. One option is freeze desalination, in which salt is separated as ice forms. This method requires far less energy than traditional techniques, and operating at low temperatures limits corrosion while allowing treatment of highly saline solutions. The technology is still under development because salt-reje...

Fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 microns or less (PM2.5) lead to dangerous air pollution, which can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause health damage by causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. PM2.5 appears mainly as a result of combustion processes such as car operations, burning coal, wood, fuel oil in CHP and in the private sector, as well as through industrial emissions and fires. High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters effective used for capturing these harmful particles, but we have ...

The article provides brief characteristics of the discovered deposits in the Surkhandarya oil and gas region, the results of research work by a number of scientists and a number of exploratory seismic surveys carried out. As a result of these works, the presence of a large number of areas with a high-amplitude structure was revealed, which are favorable signs for the accumulation of hydrocarbons. The analysis of new geological and geophysical materials based on modern equipment and computer programs of various com...

Optimizing protein digestibility in laying hens is essential for maximizing egg production, reducing feed costs, and minimizing nitrogen excretion into the environment. This abstract examines the physiological and dietary factors influencing the efficiency of protein utilization in modern high-production strains. Standard dietary protein sources, such as soybean meal, typically exhibit ileal digestibility coefficients between 0.80 and 0.90; however, these values are highly sensitive to the presence of anti-nutriti...

A recent experimental study identified a novel "hydro-chemo-mechanical" trigger for soil liquefaction: internal pore-pressure build-up generated by carbon dioxide (CO2) accumulation during the buffering of acidic mine water by carbonate-rich soil. However, the interpretations of the experiment were constrained by heterogeneity and the underestimation of pressure build-up due to system failure following the peak pressure. This study addresses these limitations by developing a numerical framework to quantify the tra...